菜心雜種優(yōu)勢的研究與利用
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-13 08:55
【摘要】：菜心(Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis var.utilis Tsen et Lee,2n=20=AA)別名菜花,又稱菜薹,一、二年生十字花科蕓薹屬蔬菜,富含氨基酸和Ca、Fe等礦質(zhì)元素,營養(yǎng)豐富,味道鮮美,對人體有一定的保健作用,是我國南方地區(qū)的重要蔬菜。目前對菜心的主要研究目標(biāo)是產(chǎn)量和抗性,對營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)特別是礦質(zhì)元素含量的研究較少。本研究以6個菜心eru細(xì)胞質(zhì)雄性不育系和6個菜心自交系為材料,配制了21個菜心雜交組合,分別測定了親本及組合的株高、株幅、主薹重等農(nóng)藝性狀,維生素C含量等營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)性狀以及Ca、Mg、Na、Fe、Mn、Zn的礦質(zhì)元素含量。對菜心的農(nóng)藝性狀、品質(zhì)性狀和主要礦質(zhì)元素含量進(jìn)行了雜種優(yōu)勢和相關(guān)性分析,并研究了礦質(zhì)元素含量的一般配合力大小,篩選出了4個綜合性狀優(yōu)良的菜心雜交組合。此外,本研究還測定了6份熟性不同的菜心雜交組合在不同時期的主要礦質(zhì)元素含量,初步探討了不同熟性的菜心在生長過程中礦質(zhì)元素的含量及分配規(guī)律,并對莖和根、葉中的主要礦質(zhì)元素含量進(jìn)行了相關(guān)性分析,為菜心栽培中的水肥管理提出建議。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.菜心親本及雜交組合主要礦質(zhì)元素含量的測定和一般配合力分析。菜心Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn的含量比較高,最高值(DW)分別達(dá)到25.599mg/g、7.525mg/g、0.264mg/g、0.190mg/g;菜心的Ca、Mg含量(親本均值)比小白菜和花椰菜高,Zn含量比小白菜、油菜和花椰菜高,而Fe含量比花椰菜高,具有較高營養(yǎng)價值。母本材料中Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn含量最高的是CX-b,Na含量最高的是CX-a,Mn含量最高的是CX-e,分別是最低值的2.415倍~3.111倍;父本材料中Ca、Zn含量最高的是15-2,Mg含量最高的是15-1,Na含量最高的是15-3,Mn含量最高的是15-4,是最低值的1.386倍~3.000倍,不同親本的礦質(zhì)元素含量受基因型影響存在較顯著的差異,可從試驗材料中選擇理想親本。根據(jù)一般配合力的分析結(jié)果,CX-b、CX-c、CX-f、15-1、15-4、15-5對雜種后代Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn含量的提高有較好的改良效果,15-5對降低雜種后代中Na、Mn含量有較好的效果。2.21個菜心雜交組合農(nóng)藝性狀、品質(zhì)性狀和礦質(zhì)元素含量的雜種優(yōu)勢研究。農(nóng)藝性狀的雜種優(yōu)勢明顯,株高、株幅、葉長、主薹粗和主薹重的中親優(yōu)勢正向組合數(shù)比例均超過了80%;維生素C含量等營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)性狀的雜種優(yōu)勢相對不明顯,維生素C含量、纖維素含量的中親優(yōu)勢正向組合數(shù)比例少于30%;礦質(zhì)元素含量的雜種優(yōu)勢明顯,Ca、Mg、Mn含量的中親優(yōu)勢正向組合數(shù)達(dá)到60%,但受環(huán)境影響表現(xiàn)較復(fù)雜。雜交對農(nóng)藝性狀、纖維素含量和礦質(zhì)元素含量的改良有較好的效果。3.菜心優(yōu)良雜交組合的篩選。運(yùn)用灰色綜合評判法,結(jié)合雜交組合的雜種優(yōu)勢表現(xiàn),篩選了4個熟期不同、綜合性狀較為優(yōu)良的菜心雜交組合,其中CX-c×15-4、CX-e×15-3的可溶性蛋白含量分別高達(dá)3.642%、3.767%,CX-e×15-3的Ca含量高達(dá)17.288mg/g,CX-f×15-6高產(chǎn),且維生素C含量高達(dá)103.668mg/100g,而CX-d×15-3早熟,在食用品質(zhì)上綜合性較好。4.菜心的農(nóng)藝性狀、品質(zhì)性狀和主要礦質(zhì)元素含量的相關(guān)性分析。Fe、Mg、Zn和產(chǎn)量、植株大小顯著或極顯著正相關(guān),相應(yīng)的礦質(zhì)元素肥料可能對菜心增產(chǎn)有較大作用,但對品質(zhì)改良的作用不大。另外,通過株幅、葉長等可視因素可對植株的礦質(zhì)元素含量高低進(jìn)行初步判斷。礦質(zhì)元素間的相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果表明,在選擇有益元素含量較高的材料時,先選擇高Zn的材料,就可獲得Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn均高而Na比較低的理想材料。5.菜心不同部位的礦質(zhì)元素含量的比較和相關(guān)性分析。相比薹部,薹葉含較多的Ca、Mg、Fe以及可溶性蛋白,分別是薹的2.109倍、1.125倍、1.768倍、3.343倍,而纖維素含量較低,平均是薹的86.510%,故具有更高的營養(yǎng)價值。根據(jù)莖和根、葉的相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果,根肥和葉面肥的施用對提高菜心產(chǎn)品器官中Ca、Mg、Fe含量可能有較大幫助,而在提高Zn含量方面,葉面肥可能比根肥的效果更好。6.菜心生長過程中礦質(zhì)元素含量變化趨勢的研究。定植和緩苗會造成菜心植株內(nèi)礦質(zhì)元素含量的階段性下降,可能影響收獲期的礦質(zhì)元素含量。同一元素在不同熟期的材料中變化趨勢基本一致,說明熟期對菜心礦質(zhì)元素的吸收變化影響不大,但晚熟的菜心在采收期時其產(chǎn)品器官中的Na、Mg含量相對較高,是中熟材料的1.325倍、1.131倍,分別是早熟材料的1.214倍,說明較長的生長期有利于部分元素在植株體內(nèi)的積累。另外,根據(jù)采收期前后菜心礦質(zhì)元素含量的變化情況,適當(dāng)提前采收的菜心Ca、Zn含量較高,而Mg、Fe則在正常采收期含量較高。
[Abstract]:Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee, 2n = 20 = AA) alias cauliflower, also known as cabbage bolt, one or two-year-old cruciferous Brassica vegetables, rich in amino acids, Ca, Fe and other mineral elements, nutritious, delicious, has a certain health care effect on the human body, is an important vegetable in southern China. In this study, 21 hybrid combinations of cabbage were prepared with 6 ERU cytoplasmic male sterile lines and 6 inbred lines. The plant height, plant width, main bolt weight and vitamin C content of parents and combinations were measured. The Heterosis and correlation of Agronomic traits, quality traits and contents of main mineral elements in cabbage were analyzed, and the general combining ability of mineral elements was studied. Four hybrid combinations with excellent comprehensive characters were selected. The contents of main mineral elements in six different maturity hybrid combinations of cabbage at different stages were determined. The content and distribution of mineral elements in different maturity cabbage during growth were preliminarily discussed. The correlation analysis of main mineral elements in stems, roots and leaves was carried out. Suggestions for water and fertilizer management in Cabbage Cultivation were put forward. The main results are as follows: 1. Determination of main mineral elements and analysis of general combining ability in parents and hybrid combinations of cabbage. Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn contents in cabbage are relatively high, the highest values (DW) are 25.599 mg/g, 7.525 mg/g, 0.264 mg/g, 0.190 mg/g, respectively; Ca and Mg contents in cabbage are higher than those in Cabbage and cauliflower, and Zn contents are higher than those in cabbage. The contents of Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn in the female parent materials were the highest, CX-b, CX-a, CX-e and CX-e were the highest, and CX-e were the highest, which were 2.415 to 3.111 times the lowest, respectively. The contents of Ca and Zn in the male parent materials were the highest, 15-2 in Mg and 15-1 in Na. The highest content of Mn was 15-4, which was 1.386-3.000 times of the lowest value. There were significant differences in the content of mineral elements among different parents. Ideal parents could be selected from the test materials. According to the analysis of GCA, CX-b, CX-c, CX-f, 15-1, 15-4, 15-5 had better effects on the increase of Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn contents in the hybrid offspring. The results showed that 15-5 had a better effect on reducing Na and Mn contents in hybrid progeny. 2.21 hybrid combinations of cabbage were studied on Heterosis of Agronomic traits, quality traits and mineral elements content. The Heterosis of nutritional quality traits such as vitamin C content was relatively insignificant, vitamin C content and cellulose content were less than 30%; mineral element content had obvious heterosis, while Ca, Mg, Mn content had 60% positive heterosis, but the environmental impact was complicated. The improvement of element content and mineral element content had better effect. 3. Selection of excellent hybrid combinations of cabbage. By using grey comprehensive evaluation method and combining with heterosis performance of hybrid combinations, four hybrid combinations with different maturity stages and better comprehensive characteristics were screened. The soluble protein content of CX-c x 15-4 and CX-e x 15-3 were as high as 3. 642%, 3.767%, CX-e *15-3 Ca content as high as 17.288 mg/g, CX-f *15-6 high yield, and vitamin C content as high as 103.668 mg/100g, and CX-d *15-3 early maturity, in the edible quality of a better comprehensive. Guan, the corresponding mineral element fertilizer may have a greater effect on the yield of cabbage, but it has little effect on the quality improvement. In addition, visible factors such as plant width and leaf length can be used to preliminarily judge the content of mineral elements in the plant. Comparing the contents of mineral elements in different parts of cabbage, the bolt leaves contain more Ca, Mg, Fe and soluble protein, which are 2.109 times, 1.125 times, 1.768 times, 3.3 times higher than that of the bolt leaves, respectively, while the cellulose content is lower, which is 8.3 times higher than that of the bolt leaves. According to the correlation analysis of stem, root and leaf, the application of root fertilizer and leaf fertilizer may be helpful to increase the content of Ca, Mg and Fe in the organs of cabbage products, but the effect of leaf fertilizer on Zn content may be better than that of root fertilizer. The results showed that the mineral elements content in cabbage plants decreased at different stages after planting and slowing down seedlings, which may affect the mineral elements content in the harvest period. The content of Na and Mg in B. napus was 1.325 and 1.131 times higher than that in B. napus, respectively, 1.214 times higher than that in B. napus, indicating that the longer growth period was beneficial to the accumulation of some elements in plants. The harvest time is higher.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S634.5
本文編號：2240667
[Abstract]:Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee, 2n = 20 = AA) alias cauliflower, also known as cabbage bolt, one or two-year-old cruciferous Brassica vegetables, rich in amino acids, Ca, Fe and other mineral elements, nutritious, delicious, has a certain health care effect on the human body, is an important vegetable in southern China. In this study, 21 hybrid combinations of cabbage were prepared with 6 ERU cytoplasmic male sterile lines and 6 inbred lines. The plant height, plant width, main bolt weight and vitamin C content of parents and combinations were measured. The Heterosis and correlation of Agronomic traits, quality traits and contents of main mineral elements in cabbage were analyzed, and the general combining ability of mineral elements was studied. Four hybrid combinations with excellent comprehensive characters were selected. The contents of main mineral elements in six different maturity hybrid combinations of cabbage at different stages were determined. The content and distribution of mineral elements in different maturity cabbage during growth were preliminarily discussed. The correlation analysis of main mineral elements in stems, roots and leaves was carried out. Suggestions for water and fertilizer management in Cabbage Cultivation were put forward. The main results are as follows: 1. Determination of main mineral elements and analysis of general combining ability in parents and hybrid combinations of cabbage. Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn contents in cabbage are relatively high, the highest values (DW) are 25.599 mg/g, 7.525 mg/g, 0.264 mg/g, 0.190 mg/g, respectively; Ca and Mg contents in cabbage are higher than those in Cabbage and cauliflower, and Zn contents are higher than those in cabbage. The contents of Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn in the female parent materials were the highest, CX-b, CX-a, CX-e and CX-e were the highest, and CX-e were the highest, which were 2.415 to 3.111 times the lowest, respectively. The contents of Ca and Zn in the male parent materials were the highest, 15-2 in Mg and 15-1 in Na. The highest content of Mn was 15-4, which was 1.386-3.000 times of the lowest value. There were significant differences in the content of mineral elements among different parents. Ideal parents could be selected from the test materials. According to the analysis of GCA, CX-b, CX-c, CX-f, 15-1, 15-4, 15-5 had better effects on the increase of Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn contents in the hybrid offspring. The results showed that 15-5 had a better effect on reducing Na and Mn contents in hybrid progeny. 2.21 hybrid combinations of cabbage were studied on Heterosis of Agronomic traits, quality traits and mineral elements content. The Heterosis of nutritional quality traits such as vitamin C content was relatively insignificant, vitamin C content and cellulose content were less than 30%; mineral element content had obvious heterosis, while Ca, Mg, Mn content had 60% positive heterosis, but the environmental impact was complicated. The improvement of element content and mineral element content had better effect. 3. Selection of excellent hybrid combinations of cabbage. By using grey comprehensive evaluation method and combining with heterosis performance of hybrid combinations, four hybrid combinations with different maturity stages and better comprehensive characteristics were screened. The soluble protein content of CX-c x 15-4 and CX-e x 15-3 were as high as 3. 642%, 3.767%, CX-e *15-3 Ca content as high as 17.288 mg/g, CX-f *15-6 high yield, and vitamin C content as high as 103.668 mg/100g, and CX-d *15-3 early maturity, in the edible quality of a better comprehensive. Guan, the corresponding mineral element fertilizer may have a greater effect on the yield of cabbage, but it has little effect on the quality improvement. In addition, visible factors such as plant width and leaf length can be used to preliminarily judge the content of mineral elements in the plant. Comparing the contents of mineral elements in different parts of cabbage, the bolt leaves contain more Ca, Mg, Fe and soluble protein, which are 2.109 times, 1.125 times, 1.768 times, 3.3 times higher than that of the bolt leaves, respectively, while the cellulose content is lower, which is 8.3 times higher than that of the bolt leaves. According to the correlation analysis of stem, root and leaf, the application of root fertilizer and leaf fertilizer may be helpful to increase the content of Ca, Mg and Fe in the organs of cabbage products, but the effect of leaf fertilizer on Zn content may be better than that of root fertilizer. The results showed that the mineral elements content in cabbage plants decreased at different stages after planting and slowing down seedlings, which may affect the mineral elements content in the harvest period. The content of Na and Mg in B. napus was 1.325 and 1.131 times higher than that in B. napus, respectively, 1.214 times higher than that in B. napus, indicating that the longer growth period was beneficial to the accumulation of some elements in plants. The harvest time is higher.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S634.5
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 高鵬;程慶軍;田承華;高海燕;張俊珍;史麗娟;平俊愛;;高粱籽粒品質(zhì)性狀雜種優(yōu)勢及相關(guān)分析[J];農(nóng)學(xué)學(xué)報;2017年02期
2 劉崇政;楊紅;賴衛(wèi);詹永發(fā);涂祥敏;;磷肥不同施用量對辣椒生長與產(chǎn)量的影響[J];長江蔬菜;2016年24期
3 馬云倩;徐海泉;郭燕枝;;中國居民食物消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)變化及未來發(fā)展政策建議[J];中國食物與營養(yǎng);2016年11期
4 王宏;楊群力;李仁娜;李艷;吳永朋;樊璐;;微量元素鋅和錳對紅柄白鵑梅扦插的影響[J];陜西林業(yè)科技;2016年05期
5 蔡蕓菲;余恩;趙茹冰;黃潔瓊;何秋伶;陳進(jìn)紅;祝水金;;基因型和環(huán)境對陸地棉種子中7種礦物元素含量的影響[J];棉花學(xué)報;2016年05期
6 孫艷軍;史瓏燕;徐剛;高文瑞;韓冰;李德翠;;鋅肥施用量對大蒜產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)及礦質(zhì)元素含量的影響[J];江蘇農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報;2016年04期
7 劉建明;亓昭英;劉善科;韓成;盛學(xué)斌;齊鑫;李歡;;中微量元素與植物營養(yǎng)和人體健康的關(guān)系[J];化肥工業(yè);2016年03期
8 只升華;蘇同兵;于拴倉;張鳳蘭;余陽俊;張德雙;趙岫云;汪維紅;盧桂香;朱月林;;利用全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)分析獲得白菜A01染色體定位的霜霉病抗病位點和相關(guān)分子標(biāo)記開發(fā)[J];植物生理學(xué)報;2016年05期
9 趙濤;劉登彪;鄭俊宇;蔣成愛;;不同鈣鎂比處理對三種超富集植物生長及吸收重金屬的影響[J];農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報;2016年03期
10 林敏霞;張曉東;邱美歡;張洪溢;王丹;;植物鎂素生理功能及鎂素營養(yǎng)診斷和施用[J];熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2016年03期
相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前1條
1 晏儒來;;紅菜薹系列品種[N];江蘇農(nóng)業(yè)科技報;2002年
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 孟茜;細(xì)胞穿透肽介導(dǎo)的大白菜小孢子遺傳轉(zhuǎn)化體系的構(gòu)建[D];沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年
2 裴臘明;轉(zhuǎn)TsVP提高玉米低磷耐受性的研究及不同玉米基因型低磷響應(yīng)microRNA的差異分析[D];山東大學(xué);2013年
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條
1 劉春梅;白菜薹雜種優(yōu)勢的研究與利用[D];華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2016年
2 李莉莉;白菜薹礦質(zhì)元素的含量分析及其遺傳研究[D];華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年
3 李慧;番茄主要品質(zhì)性狀的雜種優(yōu)勢及其遺傳效應(yīng)的研究[D];揚(yáng)州大學(xué);2006年
，本文編號：2240667
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shoufeilunwen/zaizhiyanjiusheng/2240667.html
最近更新
教材專著
