【摘要】：本研究選取廣東陽江海陵大堤附近一海水圍塘,通過鋪設(shè)海馬齒生態(tài)浮床進(jìn)行原位修復(fù),并投放尼羅羅非魚(Oreochromis niloticus)、黃鰭鯛(Sparu latus)、鯔(Mugil cephalus)、泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)和近江牡蠣(Crassostrea rivularis),構(gòu)建“生物耦聯(lián)”生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖模式。自2015年3月至2016年1月,以“生物耦聯(lián)”生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖模式池塘為實(shí)驗(yàn)塘,以無海馬齒浮床鋪設(shè)的傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)殖池塘為對(duì)照塘,通過監(jiān)測(cè)兩種養(yǎng)殖模式池塘的水質(zhì)、浮游動(dòng)物群落和底棲動(dòng)物群落的周期性變化,測(cè)定兩種模式池塘的水產(chǎn)品品質(zhì),分析“生物耦聯(lián)”養(yǎng)殖模式池塘的原位修復(fù)效果,旨在為推廣經(jīng)濟(jì)效益與生態(tài)效益并重的生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖模式提供數(shù)據(jù)支撐和科學(xué)參考。1、基于“生物耦聯(lián)”的生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖模式對(duì)水質(zhì)和生物群落的修復(fù)效果結(jié)果表明:(1)實(shí)驗(yàn)塘的溶解氧DO和透明度值分別從2015年5月和7月份起明顯高于對(duì)照塘,化學(xué)需氧量COD、總磷TP和亞硝基氮NO2--N自7月起顯著低于對(duì)照塘(P0.05);到2016年1月份,實(shí)驗(yàn)塘水體中COD和TP的去除率分別為11.47%和55.77%,而總氮TN、氨氮NH4+-N和硝基氮NO3--N無明顯去除效果。(2)實(shí)驗(yàn)塘浮游動(dòng)物的全年密度優(yōu)勢(shì)種是橈足類,對(duì)照塘以輪蟲為主要的優(yōu)勢(shì)種,包括壺狀臂尾輪蟲(Brachionus urceus)、蓋氏晶囊輪蟲(Asplanchna girodi)和長(zhǎng)足疣毛輪蟲(Synchaeta longipes)等富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化水體指示種;實(shí)驗(yàn)塘浮游動(dòng)物群落的Shannon-wiener多樣性指數(shù)H’和Margalef豐富度指數(shù)D從2015年7月份起顯著高于對(duì)照塘(P0.05),故實(shí)驗(yàn)塘浮游動(dòng)物多樣性優(yōu)于對(duì)照塘。(3)實(shí)驗(yàn)塘的底棲動(dòng)物優(yōu)勢(shì)種主要是珠帶擬蟹守螺(Cerithida cingulata)、粗紋吻狀蛤(Nuculana yokoyamai)、多棱角螺幼體(Angulyagra polyzonata)、麥克蝶尾蟲(Discapseddes mackiei)和中華蜾蠃蜚(Corophium sinensis),對(duì)照塘的主要優(yōu)勢(shì)種有奇異稚齒蟲(Paraprionospio pinnata)、疣吻沙蠶(Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus)、日本刺沙蠶(Neanthes japonica)和背蚓蟲(Notomastus latericeus);兩個(gè)塘底棲動(dòng)物群落的香農(nóng)-威納指數(shù)H’及豐富度D比較結(jié)果表明,從2015年7月份開始,實(shí)驗(yàn)塘的底棲動(dòng)物群落多樣性顯著優(yōu)于對(duì)照塘(P0.05)。(4)相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,透明度、鹽度、DO、COD、總磷TP、TN和NH4+-N是影響浮游動(dòng)物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的主導(dǎo)因子,底棲動(dòng)物群落結(jié)構(gòu)則受養(yǎng)殖水體的pH、DO、COD、TP、TN、NH4+-N的影響�！吧锺盥�(lián)”生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖模式有效地改善了養(yǎng)殖水體,同時(shí)浮游動(dòng)物和底棲動(dòng)物群落對(duì)水體環(huán)境變化產(chǎn)生了積極的響應(yīng),該養(yǎng)殖模式表現(xiàn)出良好的環(huán)境修復(fù)效能。2、基于“生物耦聯(lián)”的生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖模式的水產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)研究本研究采用電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法(ICP-MS)法測(cè)定了三種魚的鰓、內(nèi)臟和肌肉及兩種貝類軟體部中的鎳Ni、銅Cu、鋅Zn、鎘Cd和鉛Pb含量,進(jìn)行食用安全性評(píng)價(jià);另外,通過測(cè)定黃鰭鯛與尼羅羅非魚肌肉的一般營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸組成,進(jìn)行肌肉品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果顯示:實(shí)驗(yàn)塘中所有水產(chǎn)品食用部分的重金屬含量均未超過國(guó)家相關(guān)限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn);而對(duì)照塘中牡蠣軟體部的Cu和Cd含量及泥蚶軟體部的Cd含量均超過了限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。尼羅羅非魚、黃鰭鯛、鯔三種魚肌肉的安全性評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果顯示,兩種模式池塘魚肉的攝入均不會(huì)對(duì)人體健康造成潛在威脅。實(shí)驗(yàn)塘中尼羅羅非魚和黃鰭鯛肌肉的鮮味氨基酸含量均顯著高于對(duì)照塘,且尼羅羅非魚肌肉的必需氨基酸和總氨基酸含量也顯著高于對(duì)照塘(P0.05);實(shí)驗(yàn)塘兩種魚肌肉中粗蛋白和多不飽和脂肪酸含量顯著高于對(duì)照塘,飽和脂肪酸含量顯著低于對(duì)照塘(P0.05)。以上結(jié)果表明,實(shí)驗(yàn)塘兩種魚肌肉的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值顯著高于對(duì)照塘,且肉質(zhì)更加鮮美。
[Abstract]:In this study, a seawater enclosure near Hailing dyke in Yangjiang, Guangdong Province, was repaired in situ by laying an ecological floating bed with hippocampal teeth. Oreochromis niloticus, Sparu latus, Mugil cephalus, Tegillarca granosa and Crastrea riaris were used to construct an ecological coupling system. From March 2015 to January 2016, the aquatic products of the "bio-coupled" eco-culture ponds were measured by monitoring the water quality, the periodic changes of zooplankton community and benthic community of the two cultured ponds. The in-situ remediation effect of the "bio-coupling" culture model pond was analyzed to provide data support and scientific reference for popularizing the eco-culture model with both economic and ecological benefits. 1. The remediation effect of the eco-culture model based on "bio-coupling" on water quality and bio-community showed: (1) the dissolution of the experimental pond. The COD, TP and NO2 - N in the experimental pond were significantly lower than those in the control pond (P 0.05) since July, and the removal rates of COD and TP in the experimental pond were 11.47% and 55.77% respectively by January, 2016, while the removal rates of TN, NH4 + - N and NO3 - N in the experimental pond were not significant. (2) Copepods were the dominant species of zooplankton in the experimental pond, while rotifers were the dominant species in the control pond, including Brachionus urceus, Asplanchna girodi and Synchaeta longipes, which were indicators of eutrophic water bodies. The on-wiener diversity index H'and Margalef richness index D were significantly higher than those of the control pond (P 0.05) from July 2015, so the zooplankton diversity of the experimental pond was better than that of the control pond. (3) The dominant species of benthos in the experimental pond were Cerithida cingulata, Nuculana yokoyamai, and Anguly. Agra polyzonata, discapseddes mackiei and corophium sinensis were the dominant species in the control pond. Paraprionospio pinnata, Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus, Neanthes japonica and Notomastricus lateeus were the dominant species in the control pond. The results of Shannon-Wiener index H'and richness D showed that the benthic community diversity of the experimental pond was significantly better than that of the control pond from July 2015. (4) Correlation analysis showed that transparency, salinity, DO, COD, total phosphorus TP, TN and NH4 + - N were the dominant factors affecting the community structure of zooplankton, and benthic community formation. The structure was influenced by pH, DO, COD, TP, TN, NH4 + - N of the aquaculture water. The "bio-coupling" ecological aquaculture model effectively improved the aquaculture water, and the zooplankton and benthic community responded positively to the changes of the water environment. The aquaculture model showed good environmental restoration efficiency. 2. Eco-culture based on "bio-coupling" Studies on aquatic product quality in reproductive mode The contents of nickel, copper, zinc, zinc, cadmium, cadmium and lead in gills, viscera and muscles of three species of fish and two kinds of shellfish were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the food safety was evaluated. The results showed that the contents of heavy metals in the edible parts of all aquatic products in the experimental pond did not exceed the relevant national standards, while the contents of Cu and CD in the soft parts of oyster and Cd in the soft parts of clam in the control pond all exceeded the limits. The results of fish muscle safety assessment showed that the intake of fish meat in the two ponds did not pose a potential threat to human health. The contents of flavor amino acids in the muscle of Nile tilapia and Yellow-finned bream in the experimental ponds were significantly higher than those in the control ponds, and the contents of essential amino acids and total amino acids in the muscle of Nile tilapia were also significantly higher than those in the control ponds (P The contents of crude protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the muscle of two kinds of fish in the experimental pond were significantly higher than those in the control pond, and the contents of saturated fatty acids were significantly lower than those in the control pond (P 0.05).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中山大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S964

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