發(fā)布時間：2018-09-03 16:25

【摘要】：紅丁香(Syringa villosa Vahl.)和紫丁香(Syringa oblata Lindl.)作為主要的園林植物,既可以藥用,又有著較高的經(jīng)濟價值,可以實現(xiàn)環(huán)保和發(fā)展的雙贏。我國北方地區(qū)降水量較少,因此在北方地區(qū)種植丁香更容易受到干旱脅迫。本文通過光學顯微鏡對丁香屬兩種植物的形態(tài)特征,及其根及莖初生、次生結(jié)構(gòu)和葉的結(jié)構(gòu)作了比較解剖學特征,并結(jié)合植物抗旱指標(植物相對含水量、葉綠素含量、POD、SOD、MDA、可溶性糖含量)探討了相關(guān)性狀以及生態(tài)適應性的關(guān)系,并對丁香屬植物的園林應用現(xiàn)狀作了分析。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.紅丁香和紫丁香根的皮層組織較為發(fā)達,薄壁細胞層次多,而且明顯大于其它細胞。但紅丁香周皮木栓層含有少量含晶胞,而紫丁香沒有,這說明紅丁香和紫丁香具有很強的貯水能力,紅丁香更比紫丁香多一層保護,具有更強的生態(tài)適應能力。2.紅丁香表皮細胞壁較厚,皮層是體積較小散生大量含晶的厚角細胞;紫丁香的皮層是4~6層薄壁細胞,散生含少量葉綠體的含晶細胞。紅丁香木質(zhì)部導管內(nèi)徑以及每平方毫米管孔數(shù)目遠遠大于紫丁香。說明紅丁香比紫丁香的輸水能力更強,具有更強的生態(tài)適應能力。3.紅丁香葉柄表皮角質(zhì)厚度大于紫丁香;紅丁香的柵欄組織與海綿組織比為4.8:1,紫丁香的柵海比為1.2:1。紅丁香葉脈較為發(fā)達,葉跡有5個,紫丁香的葉跡有3個。排列緊密多層厚角組織和薄壁細胞再加上發(fā)達的柵欄組織,不僅能夠加強紅丁香和紫丁香的光合作用,還能保護植物免受逆境帶來的傷害,但紅丁香的角質(zhì)層厚度、柵海比和葉跡都遠大于紫丁香,使得紅丁香具有更強的生態(tài)適應能力。再結(jié)合對紫丁香和紅丁香葉片的水分含量、葉綠素含量、超氧化物歧化酶和過氧化物酶活性、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖等抗旱性生理指標進行了對比研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)在相同生活環(huán)境中,紅丁香和紫丁香生活環(huán)境相似,但紅丁香的葉綠素含量、SOD活性、POD活性、可溶性糖含量等均顯著大于紫丁香,只有紅丁香的相對水分虧缺和MDA含量顯著小于紫丁香。說明紅丁香比紫丁香具有更強的生態(tài)適應能力。
[Abstract]:Syringa villosa Vahl. (Syringa oblata Lindl.) and Syringa oblata Lindl. (Syringa oblata Lindl.) as the main garden plants, both medicinal and have high economic value, can achieve a win-win situation of environmental protection and development. The morphological characteristics, primary roots and stems, secondary structures and leaf structures of two species of Syringa were studied in this paper. The relationship between the relative water content, chlorophyll content, POD, SOD, MDA, soluble sugar content and the ecological adaptability of the two species was discussed. The main results are as follows: 1. The cortex tissue of red clove and lilac root is more developed, the parenchyma cells are more layered, and obviously larger than other cells. But the cork layer of periderm of red clove contains a small number of crystalline cells, but lilac does not, which shows that red clove and lilac have a strong water storage capacity, red clove is more than red clove. Syringa has a thick epidermal cell wall, the cortex is a small scattered large number of crystalline thick-horned cells; Syringa cortex is 4-6 thin-walled cells, scattered with a small amount of chloroplast crystalline cells. Syringa xylem duct diameter and per square millimeter of the number of pore is far larger. 3. The thickness of cuticle of petiole was thicker than that of lilac; the ratio of palisade tissue to sponge tissue of lilac was 4.8:1, the ratio of palisade tissue to sponge tissue of lilac was 1.2:1. The veins of lilac were more developed, there were 5 leaves and 3 leaves of lilac. Close layers of thick-horned and parenchyma cells, together with well-developed palisade tissues, can not only enhance the photosynthesis of red clove and lilac, but also protect plants from stress damage. But the thickness of the cuticle, palisade-sea ratio and leaf trace of red clove are far greater than those of lilac, which makes red clove have stronger ecological adaptability. The drought resistance physiological indexes such as water content, chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde content and soluble sugar content of lilac and lilac leaves were compared. It was found that the living environment of lilac and lilac was similar, but the chlorophyll content and SOD activity of lilac were similar in the same living environment. The POD activity and soluble sugar content were significantly higher than those of Syringa, only the relative water deficit and MDA content of Syringa were significantly lower than those of Syringa.
【學位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S685.26

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