精油對柑橘采后致腐真菌的抑菌活性及主要成分研究
[Abstract]:Citrus is one of the four largest fruits in the world. However, due to the soft and juicy tissue and rich in sugar, citrus fruits are prone to mechanical damage during storage and transportation after picking and harvesting, and suffer from various infectious diseases, which lead to decay and deterioration. Not only affect fruit quality, cause serious economic losses, but also cause food safety problems. The decay and deterioration of citrus is mostly caused by fungi. At present, the common anticorrosion measures are still mainly chemical fungicides. Although chemical fungicides are effective in sterilization, pesticide residues will have an impact on consumers and will also cause pollution to the environment. And the increase of drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms will also reduce the use of chemical agents. Finding new natural antimicrobial agents has become a research goal. Essential oil is a general term for volatile oils extracted from flowers, leaves, stems, roots, or fruits of plants. The results showed that the essential oil had broad spectrum and strong antibacterial properties, and could be used as a natural anticorrosive and bacteriostasis agent to control the microbial contamination in food because of its good inhibitory effect on bacteria, fungi and viruses. At present, there are a lot of studies on the inhibition of essential oils on microorganisms, some of which have also analyzed the main components and contents of essential oils, but there are few studies on the bacteriostatic activities of these main components to microorganisms. In order to investigate the antimicrobial activity and effective antimicrobial components of essential oil against postharvest rot fungi, five fungi were isolated from moldy citrus. By ITS sequencing, they were identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Cladosporium spp., Cladosporium cladosporioides, Brassica, Alternaria Alternaria brassicae, Penicillium digitalis, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium Penicillium sp.13 BRO-2013., respectively. The essential oil of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) thyme (Thymusvulgaris) citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), (Eucalyptus globulus) essential oil of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) and) (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil of patchouli were determined by filter paper method. The antimicrobial activity of eight essential oils, such as cedar (Cedrusatl antica) essential oil and Citron (Citruslimon) essential oil, against five citrus postharvest rot fungi isolated and purified. The results showed that cinnamon essential oil and thyme essential oil had strong broad-spectrum antifungal activity. The composition and content of the two essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS. 61 components were detected in the essential oil of cinnamon, which mainly contained eugenol (70.38%), 尾 -caryophyllene (7.52%), benzyl benzoate (6.23%) and cinnamaldehyde (4.65%). Thyme phenols (48.97%), 3-methyl-4-isopropyl phenol (12.41%) and terpenes (3.19%) were mainly found in this paper. The main contents were thymol (48.97%), para-cymene (22.95%), 3-methyl-4-isopropyl phenol (12.41%). Six essential oils (eugenol, benzyl benzoate, cinnamaldehyde, thymol) were determined by liquid medium dilution method. The results of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MFC),) for 5 pathogenic fungi showed that the MIC and MFC ranges of cinnamaldehyde to 5 fungi in liquid compounds were 0.016-0.125 渭 L/mL and 0.125 渭 L/mL, respectively. 0.016-0.125 渭 L / mL, all of them had excellent inhibition and killing effect and had no resistance. The MIC and MFC of thymol in solid compounds were 51.2 渭 g/mL-204.8 渭 g/mL and 102.4 渭 g/mL-819.2 渭 g / mL, respectively. The results showed that thyme essential oil and cinnamon essential oil had good broad-spectrum antifungal activity, and the thyme phenol and cinnamaldehyde contained in thyme and cinnamaldehyde also had significant bacteriostatic effects, which provided theoretical basis for the development of natural antibacterial agents for citrus fruits.
【學位授予單位】:南京大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:S436.66
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