【摘要】：棉花缽苗移栽能夠延長(zhǎng)作物的生育期,使棉花的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)得到提高,與直播相比具有很大的優(yōu)勢(shì),但我國(guó)棉花移栽種植機(jī)械化程度不高,現(xiàn)有的移栽方式主要依靠人工移栽,使得移栽的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益得不到發(fā)揮,制約著棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。在了解、分析國(guó)內(nèi)外移栽機(jī)的研究現(xiàn)狀和我國(guó)棉花移栽的農(nóng)藝要求的基礎(chǔ)上,本論文針對(duì)現(xiàn)有的半自動(dòng)移栽機(jī)采用人工喂苗勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大,輔助人員多,移栽速度受到限制,機(jī)械效益不明顯,難以在大田中推廣使用等問(wèn)題,以棉花移栽機(jī)關(guān)鍵部件—缽苗移栽總成為研究對(duì)象,開(kāi)展棉花缽苗的力學(xué)特性試驗(yàn)研究,缽苗移栽總成的設(shè)計(jì)、仿真和試驗(yàn)研究,具體的研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:(1)棉花缽苗的力學(xué)特性試驗(yàn)。以鄂抗棉-10和銅雜411兩個(gè)品種的棉苗莖桿為研究對(duì)象,利用TMS-PRO質(zhì)構(gòu)儀對(duì)棉苗莖桿進(jìn)行了剪切和彎曲試驗(yàn),同時(shí)對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)缽缽體開(kāi)展徑向和軸向壓縮試驗(yàn),并對(duì)缽苗開(kāi)展不同高度和次數(shù)的跌落試驗(yàn)。探索了棉花莖桿在剪切和彎曲過(guò)程中力-位移的變化規(guī)律和缽體在壓縮過(guò)程中的力-位移變化規(guī)律,分析了加載速度和品種兩個(gè)因素對(duì)剪切強(qiáng)度和彎曲強(qiáng)度的影響。結(jié)果表明:棉花幼苗在不同加載速度下的剪切強(qiáng)度和彎曲強(qiáng)度差異明顯,不同品種下的棉花幼苗在相同加載速度下的剪切、彎曲特性差異也明顯;在不同加載速度和品種下,加載速度和品種對(duì)棉苗的剪切強(qiáng)度和彎曲強(qiáng)度均有顯著的影響,其兩者交互作用對(duì)剪切強(qiáng)度和彎曲強(qiáng)度均無(wú)顯著影響;通過(guò)對(duì)缽體壓縮得到缽體在徑向和軸向壓縮方式下的破裂力分別為73.3N~110.5 N和100.3N~192.3 N,缽體的抵抗擠壓能力呈現(xiàn)出各向異性;隨著跌落高度和次數(shù)的增大,缽苗跌落損失率越大。(2)棉花缽苗移栽總成關(guān)鍵部件的設(shè)計(jì)。完成了對(duì)自動(dòng)分缽裝置、投缽裝置、栽苗裝置、液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和懸掛裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),并對(duì)各裝置的關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),運(yùn)用SolidWorks軟件對(duì)各部件進(jìn)行建模并對(duì)其進(jìn)行裝配,保證各部件間不相互干涉。(3)運(yùn)用ANSYS對(duì)分缽裝置中的移盤器進(jìn)行靜力學(xué)分析,找到受力薄弱點(diǎn)并進(jìn)行加強(qiáng);利用MATLAB/simulink對(duì)已設(shè)計(jì)的液壓原理圖進(jìn)行仿真分析,根據(jù)仿真結(jié)果對(duì)液壓原理圖進(jìn)行改進(jìn)減少液壓沖擊,使其滿足工作要求。(4)以缽苗直立度為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),對(duì)棉花移栽總成進(jìn)行室內(nèi)臺(tái)架試驗(yàn),通過(guò)對(duì)翻轉(zhuǎn)板的寬度和投缽頻率進(jìn)行單因素試驗(yàn),確定了翻轉(zhuǎn)板最佳寬度和投缽頻率,并得到了不同投缽頻率下的分缽速度。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:翻轉(zhuǎn)板寬度在40mm時(shí)獲得較好的缽苗直立度,投缽頻率在40r/min-80r/min時(shí)缽苗直立度較好。(5)運(yùn)用高速數(shù)字化土槽實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行移栽總成單因素土槽試驗(yàn),對(duì)移栽總成的移栽效果進(jìn)行正交試驗(yàn),并對(duì)最優(yōu)組合進(jìn)行綜合性能的試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:移栽速度在0.33m/s時(shí)缽苗直立度達(dá)到最好,開(kāi)溝器型式Ⅰ時(shí),直立度達(dá)到最好,開(kāi)溝器型式對(duì)株距合格率的影響不大,投缽頻率在50r/min時(shí),缽苗的直立度最好,株距的合格率最高;通過(guò)正交試驗(yàn),對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行極差分析,試驗(yàn)因素對(duì)缽苗直立度的影響程度由大到小依次為移栽速度、投缽頻率、開(kāi)溝器型式,對(duì)株距合格率的影響程度依次是投缽頻率、開(kāi)溝器型式和移栽速度;方差分析中,移栽速率對(duì)缽苗直立度的影響顯著,各因素對(duì)株距合格率的影響均不顯著,通過(guò)對(duì)最優(yōu)組合進(jìn)行帶缽苗試驗(yàn),得出缽苗直立度達(dá)到67%,株距合格率達(dá)到92%。
[Abstract]:Cotton pot transplanting can prolong the growth period of crops, improve the yield and quality of cotton, compared with direct seeding has great advantages, but the mechanization of cotton transplanting in China is not high, the existing transplanting methods mainly rely on manual transplanting, so that the economic benefits of transplanting can not be brought into full play, restricting the development of cotton industry. Based on the analysis of the research status of transplanters at home and abroad and the agronomic requirements of cotton transplanting in China, this paper aims at the problems of the existing semi-automatic transplanters, such as the labor intensity of artificial seedling feeding, the number of assistants, the speed of transplanting is limited, the mechanical benefits are not obvious, and it is difficult to be popularized and used in the field. Part-pot seedling transplanting has always been the object of study. The mechanical properties of pot seedling of cotton have been studied. The design, simulation and experimental study of pot seedling transplanting assembly have been carried out. The specific research contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) Mechanical properties of pot seedling of cotton. The stem of two cotton varieties, Ekang cotton-10 and Tongzayi, have been taken as the object of study, and the quality of TMS-PRO has been used. The shearing and bending tests were carried out on the stem of cotton seedlings, the radial and axial compression tests were carried out on the nutrient bowl, and the drop tests were carried out on the seedlings at different heights and times. The results showed that the shear strength and bending strength of Cotton Seedlings under different loading speeds were significantly different. The shear and bending characteristics of Cotton Seedlings under different loading speeds were also significantly different. Loading speed and variety had significant effect on shear strength and bending strength of cotton seedlings, and their interaction had no significant effect on shear strength and bending strength. The breaking forces of the bowl under radial and axial compression were 73.3N~110.5N and 100.3N~192.3N respectively, and the resistance of the bowl to extrusion was obvious. It shows anisotropy; with the increase of drop height and number of times, the loss rate of potted seedlings will increase. (2) The design of key components of cotton potted seedling transplanting assembly. The software modeled and assembled the components to ensure that there was no interference between them. (3) Static analysis was carried out by using ANSYS to find the weak point of force and strengthen it. The designed hydraulic schematic diagram was simulated and analyzed by using MATLAB / simulink, and the hydraulic schematic diagram was advanced according to the simulation results. (4) The cotton transplanting assemblies were tested on a laboratory bench, and the optimum width and frequency of the turning plate were determined by single factor test with the vertical degree of the bowl seedlings as the test index. The results showed that the potted seedlings had better erectness when the width of the turning plate was 40 mm, and the potted seedlings had better erectness when the potted frequency was 40 R / min - 80 R / min. (5) The single factor experiment of transplanting assembly was carried out in a high-speed digitized soil tank laboratory, and the orthogonal experiment was carried out on the transplanting effect of the transplanting assembly, and the comprehensive performance test was carried out on the optimal combination. The results showed that: when the transplanting speed was 0.33m/s, the potted seedlings had the best upright degree, when the ditch opener type I, the upright degree reached the best, the ditch opener type had little effect on the qualified rate of plant spacing, when the potted seedlings were thrown at 50r/min, the potted seedlings had the best upright degree and the qualified rate of plant spacing was the highest. The influence degree of experimental factors on the vertical degree of potted seedlings was transplanting speed, bowl frequency and ditcher type in turn, and the influence degree on the qualified rate of spacing was bowl frequency, ditcher type and transplanting speed in turn. In variance analysis, transplanting rate had a significant effect on the vertical degree of potted seedlings, and all factors had no effect on the qualified rate of spacing. Significantly, through the best combination of potted seedlings test, the potted seedlings upright degree reached 67%, the qualified rate of plant spacing reached 92%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S223.9

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