【摘要】：試驗于2015年3月—2017年5月在山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)園藝科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院及國家蘋果工程技術(shù)研究中心試驗站進(jìn)行。研究以平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)幼苗為試材,盆栽條件下研究桃園土壤對平邑甜茶幼苗生物量、根系及葉片光合的影響,同時提出高錳酸鉀對桃園土壤抑制平邑甜茶幼苗生長的緩解作用,為桃園改建蘋果園的可行性提供理論依據(jù)及有效措施,主要結(jié)果如下:1、桃園土壤中有害微生物顯著抑制平邑甜茶幼苗的生長,降低其根系呼吸速率及根系保護(hù)酶活性,抑制植株光合作用。桃園土壤中真菌數(shù)量在7、8、9三個月中趨于增加趨勢,細(xì)菌與真菌比值顯著高于其他兩對照處理,趨于真菌型土壤變化。與溴甲烷熏蒸對照相比,在7、8、9三個月,桃園土壤處理的生物量積累受到顯著抑制,株高顯著降低了41.35%、30.68%、24.15%,地徑分別降低了46.32%、28.11%、24.26%,鮮重分別降低了40.08%、31.50%、30.90%,干重也分別降低了30.92%、39.21%、35.97%;平邑甜茶幼苗根系也受到脅迫傷害,根系呼吸速率及根系保護(hù)酶活性受到顯著抑制,與溴甲烷熏蒸對照相比,在7、8、9三個月中,桃園土壤處理的根系呼吸速率分別顯著降低了50.40%、53.59%、47.18%,SOD活性顯著降低了28.85%、33.56%、27.36%,POD活性顯著降低了69.28%、63.83%、56.41%,CAT活性也顯著降低了33.96%、44.78%、39.01%;此外,桃園土壤處理的平邑甜茶幼苗植株光合作用也受到顯著抑制,相比于溴甲烷熏蒸對照,其凈光合速率顯著降低了51.32%。2、桃園土壤中實測濃度的苦杏仁苷、苯甲酸兩種異株克生物質(zhì)顯著抑制平邑甜茶幼苗的生長,降低其根系呼吸速率及根系保護(hù)酶活性,同時植株光合作用也受到顯著抑制。在7、8、9三個月,苦杏仁苷處理與苯甲酸處理的生物量均顯著低于正茬土對照,在7月,苦杏仁苷處理的株高、地徑、鮮重、干重比正茬土對照顯著降低了27.43%、28.85%、50.92%、46.90%,苯甲酸處理的株高、地徑、鮮重、干重也較正茬土對照顯著較低了41.28%、44.01%、71.57%、70.08%,在8、9月份表現(xiàn)出相同趨勢。同時,苦杏仁苷處理與苯甲酸處理幼苗的根系呼吸速率與根系保護(hù)酶活性受到顯著抑制,在7月,相比于正茬土對照,苦杏仁苷處理的根系呼吸速率及SOD、POD、CAT活性分別顯著降低了46.99%、62.23%、50.37%、62.96%,苯甲酸處理的根系呼吸速率及SOD、POD、CAT活性分別顯著降低了49.67%、46.78%、40.26%、71.28%,在8、9月兩處理亦顯著低于正茬土對照。此外,苦杏仁苷處理與苯甲酸處理凈光合速率也比正茬土對照顯著降低了30.95%、36.97%。3、高錳酸鉀可有效緩解桃園土壤對平邑甜茶幼苗的脅迫作用,顯著提高幼苗生物量、根系呼吸速率及保護(hù)酶活性。在7月,與桃園土壤相比,高錳酸鉀處理的幼苗株高、地徑、鮮重、干重分別顯著提高了56.67%、52.28%、192.96%、197.70%,根長、根表面積、根體積也顯著提高了149.01%、255.79%、415.20%,在8月平邑甜茶幼苗的生物量及根系形態(tài)指標(biāo)亦表現(xiàn)出顯著提高趨勢;同時高錳酸鉀處理的幼苗根系活力比桃園土壤處理顯著提高了49.42%;根系SOD、POD、CAT活性顯著提高了73.79%、73.44%、101.00%,同時,幼苗根系中MDA含量顯著下降了59.53%。
[Abstract]:The experiment was conducted at the Horticultural Science and Engineering College of Shandong Agricultural University and the National Apple Engineering Research Center from March 2015 to May 2017. Potassium permanganate alleviated the growth of Pingyi sweet tea seedlings in peach orchard soil, and provided theoretical basis and effective measures for the feasibility of peach orchard reconstruction. The main results were as follows: 1. Harmful microorganisms in peach orchard soil significantly inhibited the growth of Pingyi sweet tea seedlings, reduced their root respiration rate and the activity of root protective enzymes, inhibited the growth of Pingyi sweet tea seedlings. The number of fungi in the soil of peach orchard tended to increase in 7,8,9 months, and the ratio of bacteria to fungi was significantly higher than that of the other two control treatments, which tended to fungal soil changes. The dry weight of Pingyi sweet tea seedlings decreased by 30.92%, 39.21% and 35.97% respectively. The root respiration rate and the activity of root protective enzymes were significantly inhibited in the three months of 7, 8 and 9 compared with the control of methyl bromide fumigation. The root respiration rate, SOD activity, POD activity and CAT activity of peach orchard soil treatment decreased by 50.40%, 53.59%, 47.18%, 28.85%, 33.56%, 27.36%, 69.28%, 63.83%, 56.41% and 33.96%, 44.78% and 39.01% respectively. In addition, the photosynthesis of peach orchard soil treatment Pingyi sweet tea seedlings was also significantly reduced. Compared with the control, the net photosynthetic rate was significantly reduced by 51.32%. 2. The measured concentrations of amygdalin and benzoic acid in peach orchard soil significantly inhibited the growth of Pingyi sweet tea seedlings, decreased the root respiration rate and the activity of root protective enzymes, and significantly inhibited the photosynthesis of the plants. In July, the plant height, ground diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of amygdalin treatment were 27.43%, 28.85%, 50.92%, 46.90% lower than those of normal soil treatment. The plant height, ground diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of benzoic acid treatment were 41.2% lower than those of normal soil treatment. 8%, 44.01%, 71.57%, 70.08%, showing the same trend in August and September. Meanwhile, the root respiration rate and the activity of root protective enzymes were significantly inhibited by amygdalin treatment and benzoic acid treatment. In July, the root respiration rate and the activities of SOD, POD and CAT were significantly decreased by 46.99%, 62.23%, 5. Respiratory rate and SOD, POD and CAT activities of the roots of benzoic acid treatment decreased by 49.67%, 46.78%, 40.26%, 71.28% respectively, and were also significantly lower than those of the control in August and September. Compared with the peach orchard soil, the seedling height, ground diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, root length, root surface area and root volume were significantly increased by 56.67%, 52.28%, 192.96%, 197.70%, respectively. The biomass and root morphological indexes of Pingyi sweet tea seedlings were also significantly increased in August, 149.01%, 255.79% and 415.20%, and the root activity of seedlings treated with potassium permanganate was 49.42% higher than that of peach orchard soil, and the activities of SOD, POD and CAT in roots were 73.79%, 73.44% and 101.00% higher than those of peach orchard soil. With a decrease of 59.53%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S661.1;S662.1

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