【摘要】：目前,利用Stock 6及其改良系進(jìn)行雜交誘導(dǎo)單倍體快速選育玉米自交系已成為玉米育種的主要技術(shù)。但該技術(shù)普遍存在誘導(dǎo)率低、程序繁瑣,特別是單倍體籽粒鑒別困難以及自然加倍率低等問(wèn)題,難以滿(mǎn)足育種需求。本課題通過(guò)多年研究,創(chuàng)制了利用低毒試劑即除草劑誘導(dǎo)玉米孤雌生殖的快速選育自交系技術(shù)并獲國(guó)家發(fā)明專(zhuān)利。該技術(shù)可在誘導(dǎo)當(dāng)代直接獲得二倍體種子,并可在誘導(dǎo)一代提前測(cè)配,誘導(dǎo)二代便可獲得純合的穗行即自交系。選育周期比Stock 6改良系遺傳誘導(dǎo)還要縮短一代以上,克服了 Stock 6誘導(dǎo)技術(shù)的缺點(diǎn),該技術(shù)有望在育種上大面積應(yīng)用。但因該技術(shù)在誘導(dǎo)劑品種、濃度、處理時(shí)期和誘導(dǎo)材料等方面的研究均還不夠完善。因此,本試驗(yàn)以氟樂(lè)靈和炔苯酰草胺作為一種新的誘導(dǎo)劑,并結(jié)合常規(guī)藥劑秋水仙堿,以不同遺傳背景的玉米為試材,通過(guò)不同藥劑、不同濃度、不同時(shí)期的誘導(dǎo)處理,對(duì)化學(xué)誘導(dǎo)玉米孤雌生殖進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究,旨在為其大規(guī)模推廣應(yīng)用提供理論和技術(shù)支撐。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.利用氟樂(lè)靈、炔苯酰草胺和秋水仙堿對(duì)特種玉米沈糯7號(hào)誘導(dǎo)孤雌生殖。結(jié)果表明,炔苯酰草胺的誘導(dǎo)株率顯著高于秋水仙堿,秋水仙堿顯著高于氟樂(lè)靈,分別高出9.09%和 3.24%。2.利用氟樂(lè)靈和炔苯酰草胺的20、40、80、160和320μmol·L~(-1)各5個(gè)濃度對(duì)特種玉米沈糯7號(hào)誘導(dǎo)孤雌生殖。研究表明,兩種除草劑最佳誘導(dǎo)濃度均為80μmol·L~(-1),結(jié)實(shí)株率分別達(dá)到24.03%和36.36%,均顯著高于其他四個(gè)處理。3.通過(guò)氟樂(lè)靈和炔苯酰草胺不同處理時(shí)期的誘導(dǎo)效果比較,結(jié)果表明,兩種除草劑誘導(dǎo)的最佳時(shí)期均為雌穗吐絲后第5天。4.不同基因型玉米材料的誘導(dǎo)效果有較大的差異,雜交種的誘導(dǎo)株率顯著高于不同自交世代的材料,糯玉米高于普通玉米,Lancaster群高于Reid群。5.通過(guò)對(duì)獲得的671粒種子播種后長(zhǎng)成的植株(即Pa1代)進(jìn)行田間表型鑒定,初步獲得163個(gè)玉米孤雌生殖系。6.對(duì)447份誘導(dǎo)后代材料(即Pa2代)進(jìn)行田間穗行鑒定,結(jié)果表明,誘導(dǎo)材料穗行各性狀表現(xiàn)均整齊一致。
[Abstract]:At present, the rapid selection of maize inbred lines using Stock 6 and its improved lines to induce haploid has become the main technique of maize breeding. But there are some problems in this technique, such as low induction rate and complicated procedure, especially the difficulty in identifying haploid seeds and the low natural doubling rate, so it is difficult to meet the breeding needs. Through many years of research, the technology of rapid breeding of maize parthenogenesis induced by low toxic reagent (herbicide) was developed and obtained the national invention patent. This technique can directly obtain diploid seeds in the current generation, and can be used to determine the match in advance of the induced generation, and then the homozygous panicle inbred lines can be obtained by inducing the second generation. The breeding period is shorter than that of Stock 6 improved line, which overcomes the shortcoming of Stock 6 induction technique, and it is expected to be widely used in breeding. However, the study of inducer variety, concentration, treatment time and inducer material is not perfect. Therefore, in this experiment, fluoroside and alkynyl oxalamide were used as a new inducer, colchicine was combined with colchicine, and maize with different genetic background was treated with different medicament, different concentration and different period of induction. The chemical induced parthenogenesis of maize was studied systematically in order to provide theoretical and technical support for its extensive application. The main results are as follows: 1. The parthenogenesis of special maize Shennuo 7 was induced by fluralin, alkynyl oxalamine and colchicine. The results showed that the induced plant rate of alkynyl oxalamide was significantly higher than that of colchicine and colchicine was 9.09% and 3.24% higher than that of trifluridine, respectively. The parthenogenesis of Shennuo 7, a special maize, was induced by 5 concentrations of trifluridine and 20 渭 mol L ~ (-1) of acetylphenylethyl oxalamide, 20 渭 mol 80160 and 320 渭 mol L ~ (-1), respectively. The results showed that the optimum induction concentration of the two herbicides was 80 渭 mol L-1, and the seed setting rate was 24.03% and 36.36%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of the other four treatments. The results showed that the best induction period of the two herbicides was on the 5th day after silking. The induced plant rate of hybrids was significantly higher than that of different inbred generations, and that of waxy maize was higher than that of Reid group. Based on the phenotypic identification of the plants (Pa1 generation) grown after seeding of 671 seeds, 163 parthenogenetic lines of maize were preliminarily obtained. The panicles of 447 induced progenies (i.e. Pa2 generation) were identified in the field. The results showed that the panicle characters of induced progenies were orderly and consistent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S513
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本文編號(hào)：2203975