【摘要】：土壤養(yǎng)分循環(huán)障礙是人工林地力衰退的重要成因,土壤微生物群落在土壤養(yǎng)分循環(huán)中發(fā)揮重要作用。磷是植物重要的礦質(zhì)營養(yǎng)成分,對植物的生長和發(fā)育發(fā)揮重要作用。研究土壤解磷微生物類群演變動態(tài),有助于闡明連作和輪作對楊樹人工林土壤磷循環(huán)影響的微生態(tài)機制,為科學(xué)經(jīng)營人工林提供理論依據(jù)。本研究基于宏基因組測序技術(shù),分析了楊樹人工林Ⅰ代林地和連作Ⅱ代林地的根際土和非根際土、Ⅱ代林地主伐后輪作花生地和輪荒地土壤中解磷微生物類群及磷代謝隨不同連作和輪作方式的變化規(guī)律。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)在楊樹人工林不同連作和輪作方式土壤中共檢測出5種酚酸物質(zhì),分別為對羥基苯甲酸、苯甲酸、阿魏酸、香草醛和肉桂酸,酚酸類物質(zhì)總量表現(xiàn)為Ⅱ代林Ⅰ代林輪作花生地輪荒地。土壤理化性質(zhì)在不同土壤樣品中變化規(guī)律表現(xiàn)不同,pH、有機質(zhì)和有效鉀含量顯著差異,全磷、有效磷、有效氮含量無顯著性差異。(2)土壤樣品中共檢測到細菌域微生物類群8個門,分屬厚壁菌門(Firmicutes)、變形菌門(Proteobacteria)、放線菌門(Actinobacteria)、酸桿菌門(Acidobacteria)、擬桿菌門(Bacteroidetes)、綠彎菌門(Chloroflexi)、疣微菌門(Verrucomicrobia)和浮霉菌門(Planctomycetes)。厚壁菌門豐度最高,其次是變形菌門和放線菌門。輪作降低了微生物群落多樣性,Ⅱ代林土壤微生物群落多樣性低于Ⅰ代林但差異并未達到顯著水平。與Ⅰ代林相比,土壤微生物在屬分類水平變化明顯,Ⅱ代林、輪作花生地和輪荒地土壤中微生物種類減少,微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生改變。功能基因總豐度表現(xiàn)為Ⅰ代林輪荒地Ⅱ代林輪作花生地。人工林連作后,參與復(fù)制、重組與修復(fù),翻譯、核糖體結(jié)構(gòu)與生物合成功能的基因豐度降低。Ⅱ代林主伐輪作后,總體上功能基因豐度無顯著變化。(3)楊樹人工林不同連作和輪作方式土壤中共檢測出9屬解磷微生物。其中:細菌7屬,分別為芽孢桿菌屬(Bacillus)、假單胞菌屬(Pseudomonas)、黃桿菌屬(Flavobacterium)、類芽孢桿菌屬(Paenibacillus)、慢生根瘤菌屬(Bradyrhizobium)、泛生菌屬(Pantoea)、沙雷氏菌屬(Serratia);放線菌2屬,為鏈霉菌屬(Streptomyces)和節(jié)桿菌屬(Arthrobacter)。芽孢桿菌屬和假單胞菌屬為優(yōu)勢菌群。泛生菌屬、類芽孢桿菌和沙雷氏菌屬分別為Ⅰ代林地、Ⅱ代林地和輪荒地獨有菌群,但所占比例均低于0.1%。(4)楊樹人工林連作、輪作和輪荒后,Ⅰ代林地和Ⅱ代林地解磷微生物占各樣地解磷微生物總豐度的22.4%和23.1%,輪作花生地和輪荒地解磷微生物占各樣地解磷微生物總豐度的26.8%和27.7%,與連作相比,輪作可以增加解磷微生物的數(shù)量。與Ⅰ代林地相比,Ⅱ代林地土壤中各屬共有解磷微生物豐度均有不同程度增加。與Ⅱ代林地相比,主伐更新后輪作花生地和輪荒地土壤中芽孢桿菌屬和假單胞菌屬豐度分別增加19.9%和30.3%、20.4%和71.4%,而節(jié)桿菌屬、慢生根瘤菌屬、鏈霉菌屬豐度則降低,且降幅均在50%以上。(5)楊樹人工林根際解磷微生物總豐度顯著低于非根際,芽孢桿菌屬和假單胞菌屬細菌在楊樹根際土壤中顯著低于非根際土壤,R/S值分別為0.6~0.7:1和0.4~0.7:1,而節(jié)桿菌屬、慢生根瘤菌屬、鏈霉菌屬的豐度顯著高于非根際土壤,細菌R/S值為4~7:1,放線菌R/S值為2~6:1。(6)在不同土壤中磷酸酶基因總豐度表現(xiàn)為Ⅰ代林地輪荒地Ⅱ代林地輪作花生地。Ⅱ代林地主伐更新后,輪荒地磷酸酶基因總豐度升高,輪作花生地為各樣本中最低。根際與非根際之間,Ⅰ、Ⅱ代林土壤磷酸酶R/S值分別為1.39和1.09,在Ⅱ代林中根際與非根際土壤磷酸酶豐度差異縮小,部分磷酸酶豐度甚至低于非根際土壤。Ⅱ代林根際土壤各磷酸酶豐度低于Ⅰ代林根際土壤。(7)與Ⅰ代林相比,Ⅱ代林土壤中有機磷轉(zhuǎn)化作用強度降低16.63%,人工林連作降低土壤可利用磷的含量。Ⅱ代林主伐后,輪作花生地土壤中有機磷轉(zhuǎn)化作用強度比Ⅱ代林升高32.36%,輪荒地土壤中有機磷轉(zhuǎn)化作用強度比Ⅱ代林升高25.44%。輪作和撂荒可以增加土壤中可利用磷的供應(yīng),改善林地生產(chǎn)力。
[Abstract]:The disturbance of soil nutrient cycling is an important cause of soil fertility decline in artificial forests. Soil microbial communities play an important role in soil nutrient cycling. Phosphorus is an important mineral nutrient component of plants and plays an important role in the growth and development of plants. The microecological mechanism of phosphorus cycling in soils of poplar plantations provides a theoretical basis for the scientific management of plantations. Based on the macrogenomic sequencing technique, the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of the first and second generation plantations of poplar plantations, the phosphorus-solubilizing microbial groups in the soils of peanut and wasteland after the second generation plantations were analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) Five phenolic acids were detected in the soil of Poplar Plantations under different successive cropping and rotation patterns, namely, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, benzoic acid, ferulic acid, vanillin and cinnamic acid. The total phenolic acids were found to be in the second-generation rotation of peanut fields. (2) Eight phyla of bacterial microflora, belonging to Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes, were detected in soil samples. Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia and Planctomycetes were the most abundant, followed by Proteus and Actinomycetes. Compared with the first-generation forest, the soil microbial species in the second-generation forest, rotation peanut land and rotation wasteland decreased and the microbial community structure changed. After continuous cropping, the abundance of genes involved in replication, recombination and restoration, translation, ribosomal structure and biosynthetic function decreased. There was no significant change in functional gene abundance after the second-generation rotation. (3) Nine genera of phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms were detected in the soils of Poplar Plantations under different continuous cropping and rotation patterns. Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Paenibacillus, Bradyrhizobium, Pantoea, Serratia, Actinomyces, Streptomyces and Arthrobacter, Bacillus and Pseudobacterium (4) After continuous cropping, rotation and rotation, 22.4% and 23.1% of the total phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms were found in the first and second generation of poplar plantations, respectively. Phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms accounted for 26.8% and 27.7% of the total phosphorus-solubilizing microbial abundance in both raw and rotated wasteland. Compared with continuous cropping, rotation could increase the number of phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms. The abundance of Bacillus and Pseudomonas increased by 19.9% and 30.3%, 20.4% and 71.4% respectively, while that of Arthrobacter, Bradyrhizobium and Streptomyces decreased by more than 50%. (5) The total abundance of P-solubilizing microorganisms in rhizosphere of poplar plantation was significantly lower than that of non-rhizosphere, Bacillus and Pseudomonas. The R/S values in poplar rhizosphere soil were 0.6-0.7:1 and 0.4-0.7:1, respectively. The abundance of Streptomyces in Arthrobacter, Bradyrhizobium and Streptomyces was significantly higher than that in non-rhizosphere soil. The R/S values of bacteria were 4-7:1 and the R/S values of actinomycetes were 2-6:1. The total abundance of phosphatase gene in the rotation wasteland was the lowest among the samples. The R/S values of phosphatase in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere were 1.39 and 1.09 respectively. The difference of phosphatase abundance between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil in the second generation forest was narrowed, and the abundance of partial phosphatase was very high. Phosphatase abundance in rhizosphere soil of the second-generation forest was lower than that of the first-generation forest. (7) Compared with the first-generation forest, the transformation intensity of organic phosphorus in soil of the second-generation forest was reduced by 16.63%, and the content of available phosphorus in soil was decreased by continuous cropping of plantations. The conversion intensity of organic phosphorus increased by 32.36% in replaced forest and 25.44% in rotated wasteland compared with that in the second generation forest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S714;S792.11

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 王文波;馬雪松;董玉峰;王華田;王延平;伊文慧;;楊樹人工林連作與輪作土壤酚酸降解細菌群落特征及酚酸降解代謝規(guī)律[J];應(yīng)用與環(huán)境生物學(xué)報;2016年05期

2 王文波;王延平;王華田;馬雪松;伊文慧;;楊樹人工林連作與輪作對土壤氮素細菌類群和氮素代謝的影響[J];林業(yè)科學(xué);2016年05期

3 伊文慧;王延平;王華田;馬雪松;王文波;;酚酸類化感物質(zhì)對楊樹人工林土壤硝化作用的影響[J];山東大學(xué)學(xué)報(理學(xué)版);2016年01期

4 楊尚東;李榮坦;吳俊;郭伊娟;龍明華;;番茄連作與輪作土壤生物學(xué)特性及細菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)的比較[J];生態(tài)環(huán)境學(xué)報;2016年01期

5 納小凡;鄭國琦;彭勵;雷川怡;楊紅艷;馬玉;趙強;石碩礬;;不同種植年限寧夏枸杞根際微生物多樣性變化[J];土壤學(xué)報;2016年01期

6 馬海霞;張麗麗;孫曉萌;張懷強;何明雄;陳冠軍;王祿山;;基于宏組學(xué)方法認識微生物群落及其功能[J];微生物學(xué)通報;2015年05期

7 任嘉紅;劉輝;姜楠;魏玉宏;張冰;王瑩;;GFP標記溶磷草木樨中華根瘤菌CHW10B及其定殖[J];林業(yè)科學(xué);2015年01期

8 曹娟;閆文德;項文化;諶小勇;雷丕鋒;向建林;;湖南會同不同年齡杉木人工林土壤磷素特征[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報;2014年22期

9 呂毅;宋富海;李園園;沈向;陳學(xué)森;吳樹敬;毛志泉;;輪作不同作物對蘋果園連作土壤環(huán)境及平邑甜茶幼苗生理指標的影響[J];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2014年14期

10 許壇;王華田;王延平;韓亞飛;姜岳忠;朱婉芮;;楊樹人工林土壤養(yǎng)分有效性變化及其與土壤細菌群落演變的相關(guān)性[J];應(yīng)用與環(huán)境生物學(xué)報;2014年03期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 劉之廣;溶磷細菌及控釋肥料對土壤磷有效性的影響[D];山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前6條

1 王文波;楊樹人工林連作與輪作對土壤氮素細菌群落特征和氮素代謝的影響[D];山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2016年

2 徐潔;外源酚酸對巨尾桉2代萌芽純林及其與降香黃檀混交林土壤的化感作用[D];廣西大學(xué);2014年

3 倪桂萍;酚酸對連作楊樹人工林土壤養(yǎng)分有效性及細菌多樣性的影響[D];山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2013年

4 姚欽;黑土區(qū)輪作方式下土壤微生物多樣性研究[D];東北林業(yè)大學(xué);2012年

5 楊陽;外源酚酸對歐美楊Ⅰ-107水培幼苗形態(tài)與生理生化特性的影響[D];山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2010年

6 劉福德;楊樹連作地力衰退及林地生產(chǎn)力維持技術(shù)的研究[D];山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2005年

，

本文編號：2200900