【摘要】：Wolbachia(沃爾巴克氏體)是共生于昆蟲體內的一種革蘭氏陰性(Gran-)胞內共生菌,由于其廣泛存在,并對宿主昆蟲的生殖具有調控作用,包括誘導宿主胞質不融合,孤雌生殖,雄性致死和雄性雌性化等效應,對宿主生物的遺傳和進化產生重要影響,Wolbachia可能作為一種潛在的害蟲生物防治的策略而倍受研究者重視,在農業(yè)昆蟲和媒介昆蟲中廣泛報道,然而在儲糧昆蟲中的報道卻很少。本研究對中國13個省份64個地理種群的38種儲糧昆蟲采用PCR擴增ftsZ和wsp基因的方法對其體內的Wolbachia進行了檢測,檢測到雜擬谷盜,煙草甲,藥材甲,鋸谷盜,綠豆象,黑毛皮蠹,嗜卷書虱,麥蛾,地中海粉螟和麥蛾繭蜂等10種昆蟲和一種儲糧昆蟲的捕食性天敵直腹偽蝎中感染有Wolbachia。但是在調查的數(shù)量最多且危害范圍更廣的赤擬谷盜,谷蠹,米象,玉米象,印度谷螟和嗜蟲書虱的所有收集到的品系中,均沒有檢測到Wolbachia的存在�；趙sp基因序列的進化樹分析,這些昆蟲中感染的Wolbachia都屬于A和B亞群(supergroup),這些調查和研究為將來可能利用Wolbachia防治儲糧害蟲和研究Wolbachia的生殖調控作用提供一些基本的信息指導。在對中國部分地區(qū)儲糧害蟲中Wolbachia的感染情況調查后,本研究選取了一種常見的儲糧害蟲雜擬谷盜為研究對象,研究了Wolbachia在雜擬谷盜體內的感染和消除動態(tài)及對其生殖行為等的影響。結果表明:(1)雜擬谷盜在收集到的兩個地理種群中感染的概率為100%,且雌雄蟲全部感染。(2)在飼料中添加0.03%,0.05%,0.15%和0.3%的抗生素(四環(huán)素)濃度均顯著降低雜擬谷盜體內的Wolbachia感染密度,經過4周以上的處理,可以完全去掉雜擬谷盜體內感染的Wolbachia,去除效率可以達到100%。(3)在雜擬谷盜的不同生長階段中新羽化的成蟲(羽化3~5日達到性成熟后的交配高峰期)時體內的Wolbachia感染密度達到峰值,每頭雜擬谷盜體內可達到3.7×107的感染密度,其次為剛羽化的成蟲和蛹期,也達到了1×107數(shù)量級的感染密度。(4)在雜擬谷盜不同的身體部位和組織中感染的Wolbachia豐度比較為腹部胸部頭部,其中腹部Wolbachia的含量可占總體的60%以上,此外,生殖系統(tǒng)內Wolbachia的豐度明顯高于消化系統(tǒng)和免疫系統(tǒng)內,且雌性體內Wolbachia的含量高于雄性。(5)本研究設計了4個不同的交配組合檢驗雜擬谷盜的胞質親和性,在4個交配組合中,只有♂w+(w+,Wolbachia陽性個體,來自自然種群)×♀w-(w-陰性個體,抗生素飼喂處理消除Wolbachia)不能產生后代,說明感染Wolbachia可以造成雜擬谷盜完全的單向胞質不融合現(xiàn)象。對產卵量和發(fā)育歷期等參數(shù)的統(tǒng)計發(fā)現(xiàn),四個組合的單頭雌蟲的總產卵量沒有顯著差異,但是卵的孵化率存在顯著差異,表現(xiàn)出母系遺傳的特質,雌蟲被抗生素消除Wolbachia感染后卵的孵化率顯著降低。(6)Wolbachia對雄蟲的交配選擇行為與繁殖力和生殖力的測定,發(fā)現(xiàn)感染Wolbachia與否對雜擬谷盜雄蟲的交配選擇行為沒有顯著性差異,消除Wolbachia后雄蟲的生殖能力下降。(7)通過同性和異性種間及種內的交配試驗也揭示了,不管是在同種的雜擬谷盜之間還是在雜擬谷盜和赤擬谷盜之間,都沒有發(fā)生Wolbachia的傳播。與抗生素飼喂消除的Wolbachia陰性種群相比,在自然種群中,感染Wolbachia的雜擬谷盜具有生殖上的優(yōu)勢,只有雌雄都感染Wolbachia時,對種群的增長才最有利。本研究豐富了Wolbachia在儲糧昆蟲的感染動態(tài)和Wolbachia對儲糧昆蟲的生殖調控的理論,為是否利用Wolbachia防治儲糧害蟲提供了基礎的理論指導。
[Abstract]:Wolbachia (Wolbachia) is a kind of Gram-negative intracellular symbiotic bacteria in insects. Because of its widespread existence, Wolbachia plays an important role in regulating the reproduction of host insects, including induction of host cytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis, male lethality and male feminization. Wolbachia plays an important role in the inheritance and evolution of host organisms. Wolbachia may have attracted much attention as a potential biological pest control strategy. It has been widely reported in agricultural insects and vector insects, but rarely in Stored-grain insects. Wolbachia was detected in 10 species of insects and a predatory natural enemy of one kind of stored grain insects, including Corydalis heterophyllus, Tobacco beetle, Medicinal Material A, Sawmillet Steller, Mung bean weevil, Black fur beetle, Bookworm addict, wheat moth, Mediterranean meal borer and wheat moth cocoon wasp. Wolbachia was not detected in any of the collected strains of Rhododendron oryzae, Rhododendron oryzae, Oryzae oryzae, Corn weevil, Indian millet borer and insectivorous bookworm. Evolutionary tree analysis based on the WSP gene sequence showed that Wolbachia infected by these insects belonged to subgroups A and B. These investigations and studies suggest that Wolbachia may be used to control the disease in the future. After investigating the infection of Wolbachia in Stored-grain Pests in some areas of China, this study selected a common stored-grain pest, Cortex mimetica, as the research object, and studied the infection and elimination dynamics of Wolbachia in Cortex mimetica. The results showed that: (1) The probability of infection in the two geographic populations was 100%, and both sexes were infected. (2) The concentrations of 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.15% and 0.3% antibiotics (tetracycline) in the diet significantly decreased the Wolbachia infection density in the two geographic populations, after more than four weeks. (3) Wolbachia infection density reached a peak at different growth stages of newly emerged adults (the peak of mating time after 3-5 days of emergence) and reached 3.7 *107 infection density in each of the adults. (4) The abundance of Wolbachia in different body parts and tissues was higher than that in abdominal chest and head, in which the content of Wolbachia in abdomen could account for more than 60% of the total. In addition, the abundance of Wolbachia in reproductive system was significantly higher than that in elimination. The content of Wolbachia in female was higher than that in male. (5) Four different mating combinations were designed to test the cytoplasmic compatibility of C. variegata. Of the four mating combinations, only w + (w +, Wolbachia positive individuals, from the natural population) - (w - negative individuals, antibiotic feeding eliminates Wolbachia) did not. The results showed that Wolbachia infection could cause complete unidirectional cytoplasmic non-fusion. There was no significant difference in egg production and development duration among the four combinations, but there was significant difference in egg hatching rate, showing maternal inheritance and female resistance. The hatching rate of eggs decreased significantly after Wolbachia was eliminated. (6) The mating selection behavior, fecundity and fecundity of the males were determined. It was found that there was no significant difference between the males infected with Wolbachia and those infected with Wolbachia. The male reproductive ability decreased after Wolbachia was eliminated. (7) The male reproductive ability decreased through the same and heterosexual species. In addition, intraspecific mating tests also revealed that no Wolbachia transmission was observed among the same species or between the same species and between the two species. This study enriched Wolbachia's infection dynamics in stored-grain insects and Wolbachia's theory of reproductive regulation on stored-grain insects, and provided basic theoretical guidance for the use of Wolbachia to control stored-grain insects.
【學位授予單位】：河南工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S379.5

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 張艷凱;張開軍;謝蓉蓉;趙冬曉;洪曉月;;共生菌Wolbachia引起宿主細胞質不親和的研究進展[J];昆蟲學報;2015年12期

2 程超;沈加飛;明慶磊;;赤擬谷盜和雜擬谷盜體內Wolbachia的感染狀況和種間傳播[J];江蘇農業(yè)學報;2015年02期

3 王阿e，

本文編號：2191809