村鎮(zhèn)房屋性能提升的指標(biāo)體系與關(guān)鍵建造技術(shù)的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-19 08:46
【摘要】：自20世紀(jì)90年代以來,隨著我國城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的加快、整體建造水平的提升,村鎮(zhèn)房屋的建筑模式、功能需求、管理水平正面臨著嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)。當(dāng)前,我國村鎮(zhèn)房屋的全面評價(jià)方法、評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)還處于空白,村鎮(zhèn)房屋建造水平的整體把控缺乏理論依據(jù)。為保障國家美麗鄉(xiāng)村戰(zhàn)略的順利實(shí)施,以房屋性能需求為重點(diǎn)的現(xiàn)狀評價(jià)方法和以房屋現(xiàn)狀功能水平為依據(jù)的性能提升技術(shù)研究均必不可少,兩者互為支持、順序承接,也是本文的最主要研究內(nèi)容。綜合考慮房屋安全性、功能性、舒適性、鄉(xiāng)土性四方面因素,提出了村鎮(zhèn)房屋性能評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。通過實(shí)地調(diào)研,結(jié)合國內(nèi)外規(guī)范、建筑物理理論、工程案例,抓住主要體現(xiàn)房屋性能的因素,制定一套可以同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)房屋性能量化打分及評價(jià)的指標(biāo)體系。房屋性能評價(jià)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重確定時(shí),對于子目標(biāo)層的權(quán)重,采用灰色層次分析法確定。對于分因素層的權(quán)重以及指標(biāo)層中每項(xiàng)的分?jǐn)?shù),相關(guān)評價(jià)內(nèi)容在已有規(guī)范中已體現(xiàn)的,對相關(guān)條文進(jìn)行篩選、拆分、重組、統(tǒng)計(jì);相關(guān)內(nèi)容在已有規(guī)范中未體現(xiàn)的,采用專家建議、實(shí)際調(diào)查等方法確定。房屋性能的綜合評價(jià)包括房屋性能的綜合評價(jià)得分和房屋評價(jià)等級的量化劃分。本文采用直接代入法建立村鎮(zhèn)房屋性能評價(jià)模型,將房屋性能分為優(yōu)、良、中、差四個(gè)等級,對房屋進(jìn)行性能評價(jià)。為了解區(qū)域房屋的整體性能水平,借助提出的性能評價(jià)體系和綜合評價(jià)方法對村鎮(zhèn)房屋進(jìn)行區(qū)域評價(jià)。以長三角地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)房屋為例,考慮到區(qū)域房屋性能水平的巨大個(gè)體差異,將區(qū)域村鎮(zhèn)房屋進(jìn)行分類評價(jià)。通過現(xiàn)場勘查、試驗(yàn)檢測、模擬分析等多種手段對房屋指標(biāo)層進(jìn)行分類客觀打分,并根據(jù)每類房屋的面積比進(jìn)行區(qū)域得分計(jì)算。通過綜合評價(jià),區(qū)域房屋整體性能為中,仍需較大的改造提升。通過對評價(jià)結(jié)果對比分析,指出房屋舒適性、鄉(xiāng)土性普遍較差等薄弱方面,為村鎮(zhèn)房屋性能提升起到指導(dǎo)作用。針對村鎮(zhèn)房屋舒適性能普遍差的現(xiàn)象,重點(diǎn)從窗墻比的設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化、圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)熱工性能改造提升、室外風(fēng)環(huán)境的分析、一體化折疊外窗設(shè)計(jì)等多方面提升房屋性能�；谀芎牡淖顑�(yōu)窗墻比分析中,對光控照明能耗進(jìn)行全年逐時(shí)的理論推導(dǎo),結(jié)合已有供暖空調(diào)能耗計(jì)算方法,給出了全年總能耗和最優(yōu)窗墻比的估算公式�；跓峁ば阅軝z測結(jié)果,提出相應(yīng)的房屋節(jié)能改造措施,改造后節(jié)能率達(dá)到50%;通過缺陷分析得到地面、屋頂為改造后村鎮(zhèn)房屋能耗的主要薄弱面。通過室外風(fēng)環(huán)境模擬發(fā)現(xiàn),村鎮(zhèn)房屋室外風(fēng)場雜亂,夏季少部分區(qū)域出現(xiàn)無風(fēng)區(qū),冬季部分區(qū)域風(fēng)速偏大,過渡季引入污染源氣體,建議村東增加高大綠化景觀帶。通過設(shè)計(jì)一種可控遮陽保溫隔聲的一體化折疊外窗,實(shí)現(xiàn)夏季白天遮陽、冬季及過渡季夜間保溫隔聲等功能。
[Abstract]:Since the 1990s, with the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of the overall construction level, the building mode, function demand and management level of the village and town houses are facing a severe test. At present, the comprehensive evaluation method and the evaluation standard of the village house in our country are still blank, and the whole control of the building level of the village and town house lacks the theoretical basis. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the national beautiful rural strategy, the present situation evaluation method with emphasis on the house performance demand and the research on the performance upgrading technology based on the present function level of the house are essential, both of which support each other and carry on sequentially. It is also the main research content of this paper. Considering the four factors of building safety, function, comfort and rural soil, the evaluation index system of house performance in villages and towns is put forward. Through field investigation, combining with domestic and foreign norms, building physics theory and engineering cases, this paper makes a set of index system which can realize the quantitative scoring and evaluation of housing performance simultaneously by grasping the factors that mainly reflect the performance of houses. When the weight of building performance evaluation index is determined, the weight of sub-target layer is determined by grey analytic hierarchy process. For the weight of the sub-factor layer and the score of each item in the index layer, if the relevant evaluation content has been embodied in the existing norms, the relevant provisions shall be screened, split, reorganized, and counted; if the relevant contents are not reflected in the existing norms, Use expert advice, actual investigation and other methods to determine. The comprehensive evaluation of house performance includes the score of comprehensive evaluation and the quantification of the grade of house evaluation. In this paper, the method of direct substitution is used to establish the evaluation model of housing performance in villages and towns, and the performance of houses is divided into four grades: excellent, good, medium and poor, and the performance of houses is evaluated. In order to understand the overall performance level of regional houses, the proposed performance evaluation system and comprehensive evaluation method are used to evaluate the regional performance of houses in villages and towns. Taking the village houses in the Yangtze River Delta as an example, considering the huge individual difference of the regional housing performance level, the regional village houses are classified and evaluated. By means of on-site investigation, test and test, simulation analysis and other means, the index layer of housing is classified and objectively graded, and the regional score is calculated according to the area ratio of each kind of house. Through comprehensive evaluation, the overall performance of regional housing is medium, and still needs to be greatly improved. Through the comparison and analysis of the evaluation results, it is pointed out that the weak aspects such as the comfort of houses and the general poor soil properties in the villages and towns play a guiding role in improving the performance of houses in villages and towns. In view of the general poor comfort performance of the houses in villages and towns, the emphasis is put on the optimization of the window / wall ratio, the improvement of thermal performance of the enclosure structure, the analysis of the outdoor wind environment, the design of integrated folding outer windows, and so on. In the analysis of the optimal window / wall ratio based on energy consumption, the theoretical derivation of the energy consumption of light-controlled lighting is carried out year by year. Combined with the existing energy consumption calculation method of heating and air conditioning, the estimation formulas of the total energy consumption and the optimal window wall ratio are given. Based on the test results of thermal performance, the corresponding energy saving measures are put forward, and the energy saving rate is up to 50%. Through the defect analysis, the ground is obtained, and the roof is the main weak surface of energy consumption in the retrofit of houses in villages and towns. Through the simulation of outdoor wind environment, it is found that the outdoor wind field of the village and town houses is chaotic, there are no wind areas in summer in a few areas, the wind speed in some areas in winter is on the high side, and the pollution source gas is introduced into the transition season, it is suggested that the village east should increase the tall green landscape zone. Through the design of an integrated folded outer window with controllable sunshade insulation and sound insulation, the functions of sunshade in summer, night insulation in winter and transition season are realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU26
本文編號(hào)：2191152
[Abstract]:Since the 1990s, with the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of the overall construction level, the building mode, function demand and management level of the village and town houses are facing a severe test. At present, the comprehensive evaluation method and the evaluation standard of the village house in our country are still blank, and the whole control of the building level of the village and town house lacks the theoretical basis. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the national beautiful rural strategy, the present situation evaluation method with emphasis on the house performance demand and the research on the performance upgrading technology based on the present function level of the house are essential, both of which support each other and carry on sequentially. It is also the main research content of this paper. Considering the four factors of building safety, function, comfort and rural soil, the evaluation index system of house performance in villages and towns is put forward. Through field investigation, combining with domestic and foreign norms, building physics theory and engineering cases, this paper makes a set of index system which can realize the quantitative scoring and evaluation of housing performance simultaneously by grasping the factors that mainly reflect the performance of houses. When the weight of building performance evaluation index is determined, the weight of sub-target layer is determined by grey analytic hierarchy process. For the weight of the sub-factor layer and the score of each item in the index layer, if the relevant evaluation content has been embodied in the existing norms, the relevant provisions shall be screened, split, reorganized, and counted; if the relevant contents are not reflected in the existing norms, Use expert advice, actual investigation and other methods to determine. The comprehensive evaluation of house performance includes the score of comprehensive evaluation and the quantification of the grade of house evaluation. In this paper, the method of direct substitution is used to establish the evaluation model of housing performance in villages and towns, and the performance of houses is divided into four grades: excellent, good, medium and poor, and the performance of houses is evaluated. In order to understand the overall performance level of regional houses, the proposed performance evaluation system and comprehensive evaluation method are used to evaluate the regional performance of houses in villages and towns. Taking the village houses in the Yangtze River Delta as an example, considering the huge individual difference of the regional housing performance level, the regional village houses are classified and evaluated. By means of on-site investigation, test and test, simulation analysis and other means, the index layer of housing is classified and objectively graded, and the regional score is calculated according to the area ratio of each kind of house. Through comprehensive evaluation, the overall performance of regional housing is medium, and still needs to be greatly improved. Through the comparison and analysis of the evaluation results, it is pointed out that the weak aspects such as the comfort of houses and the general poor soil properties in the villages and towns play a guiding role in improving the performance of houses in villages and towns. In view of the general poor comfort performance of the houses in villages and towns, the emphasis is put on the optimization of the window / wall ratio, the improvement of thermal performance of the enclosure structure, the analysis of the outdoor wind environment, the design of integrated folding outer windows, and so on. In the analysis of the optimal window / wall ratio based on energy consumption, the theoretical derivation of the energy consumption of light-controlled lighting is carried out year by year. Combined with the existing energy consumption calculation method of heating and air conditioning, the estimation formulas of the total energy consumption and the optimal window wall ratio are given. Based on the test results of thermal performance, the corresponding energy saving measures are put forward, and the energy saving rate is up to 50%. Through the defect analysis, the ground is obtained, and the roof is the main weak surface of energy consumption in the retrofit of houses in villages and towns. Through the simulation of outdoor wind environment, it is found that the outdoor wind field of the village and town houses is chaotic, there are no wind areas in summer in a few areas, the wind speed in some areas in winter is on the high side, and the pollution source gas is introduced into the transition season, it is suggested that the village east should increase the tall green landscape zone. Through the design of an integrated folded outer window with controllable sunshade insulation and sound insulation, the functions of sunshade in summer, night insulation in winter and transition season are realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU26
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