【摘要】：本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究不同儲(chǔ)存方法對魚粉的影響,并以凡納濱對蝦和斜帶石斑魚為研究對象進(jìn)行養(yǎng)殖效果評價(jià)。結(jié)果如下:1.研究不同儲(chǔ)存方法(溫度、抗氧化劑添加量和儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間)對魚粉品質(zhì)的影響。采用雙因素實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),魚粉儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間為45 d、90 d和135 d,抗氧化劑(乙氧基喹啉)水平為0、300、800 mg/kg,分別儲(chǔ)存在4oC和室溫條件下,研究魚粉的揮發(fā)性鹽基氮、組胺、酸價(jià)和硫代巴比妥酸值的變化規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明:隨儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間延長,魚粉揮發(fā)性鹽基氮、酸價(jià)和硫代巴比妥酸值呈現(xiàn)上升的趨勢;相同儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間下4oC儲(chǔ)存魚粉酸價(jià)和硫代巴比妥酸值低于室溫儲(chǔ)存魚粉;組胺隨儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間的延長出現(xiàn)先上升后下降的趨勢;添加抗氧化劑有利于魚粉品質(zhì)的保持。對魚粉品質(zhì)進(jìn)行評價(jià)時(shí)需多項(xiàng)指標(biāo)綜合評定。2.研究不同儲(chǔ)存方法魚粉對凡納濱對蝦的生長和生理效應(yīng)的影響。采用雙因素實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),魚粉儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間分別為45 d、90 d和135 d,抗氧化劑水平為0、300、800 mg/kg,分別儲(chǔ)存在4oC和室溫條件下,新鮮魚粉為對照組,配制成19種飼料,飼喂初重為(0.40±0.02)g的凡納濱對蝦幼蝦8 W。挑選健康、規(guī)格均勻的幼蝦2 280尾隨機(jī)分為19個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)組,每個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)組3個(gè)重復(fù),每一個(gè)重復(fù)放40尾蝦。結(jié)果表明:在4oC儲(chǔ)存溫度下魚粉儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間及抗氧化劑水平對特定生長率、飼料系數(shù)和蛋白質(zhì)效率均存在交互作用(P0.05),儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間45 d時(shí)0 mg/kg組特定生長率和蛋白質(zhì)效率最高,飼料系數(shù)最低;儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間135 d時(shí)800 mg/kg組飼料系數(shù)最低,蛋白質(zhì)效率最高。在室溫儲(chǔ)存條件下魚粉儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間對特定生長率、飼料系數(shù)和蛋白質(zhì)效率有顯著影響(P0.05),45 d組具有最高的特定生長率、蛋白質(zhì)效率和最低的飼料系數(shù)。魚粉儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間、抗氧化劑水平對肝胰腺中總抗氧化能力及超氧化物歧化酶、過氧化氫酶和谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶活力均存在顯著影響(P0.05)。魚粉儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間、抗氧化劑水平以及兩者之間的交互作用對凡納濱對蝦肝胰腺中胰蛋白酶活力和TRS mRNA表達(dá)量均有顯著性影響(P0.05),在本實(shí)驗(yàn)的條件下,4oC儲(chǔ)存溫度下魚粉儲(chǔ)存較短時(shí)間時(shí)過高的抗氧化劑添加水平不利于凡納濱對蝦的生長,室溫儲(chǔ)存條件下儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間為影響凡納濱對蝦養(yǎng)殖效果的首要因素;凡納濱對蝦可通過提高抗氧化機(jī)能以抵御新鮮度較差的魚粉危害。3.研究不同儲(chǔ)存方法魚粉對斜帶石斑魚的生長和生理效應(yīng)的影響。采用雙因素實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),魚粉儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間分別為45 d、90 d和135 d,抗氧化劑水平為0、300、800mg/kg,分別儲(chǔ)存在4oC和室溫條件下,新鮮魚粉為對照組,配制成19種飼料,飼喂初重為(18.75±0.05)g的斜帶石斑魚幼魚8 W。挑選健康、體格均勻的幼魚1 596尾隨機(jī)分為19個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)組,每個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)組3個(gè)重復(fù),每一個(gè)重復(fù)放28尾魚。結(jié)果表明:魚粉儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間、抗氧化劑水平及兩者之間交互作用對成活率、飼料系數(shù)和蛋白質(zhì)效率均無顯著影響(P0.05)。室溫條件下儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間對增重率和特定生長率有顯著影響(P0.05),儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間45 d組增重率和特定生長率顯著高于135 d組(P0.05)。4oC儲(chǔ)存溫度下魚粉儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間及抗氧化劑水平對肥滿度、臟體比和肝體比均有顯著影響(P0.05)。魚粉儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間、抗氧化劑水平及二者交互作用對肝臟中總抗氧化能力及超氧化物歧化酶、過氧化氫酶和谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶活力均存在顯著影響(P0.05)。魚粉儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間、抗氧化劑水平以及兩者之間的交互作用對斜帶石斑魚肝臟中胰蛋白酶活力和TRS mRNA表達(dá)量均有顯著性影響(P0.05)。在本實(shí)驗(yàn)的條件下,室溫儲(chǔ)存條件下儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間為影響斜帶石斑魚養(yǎng)殖效果的首要因素;斜帶石斑魚可通過提高抗氧化機(jī)能以抵御新鮮度較差的魚粉危害。
[Abstract]:The effects of different storage methods on fish meal quality were studied, and the culture effects of Penaeus vannamei and Grouper obliquus were evaluated. The results were as follows: 1. The effects of different storage methods (temperature, antioxidant dosage and storage time) on the quality of fish meal were studied. The changes of volatile base nitrogen, histamine, acid value and thiobarbituric acid value of fish meal were studied under the condition of 0,300,800 mg/kg of antioxidant (ethoxyquinoline) and room temperature, respectively. The acid value and thiobarbituric acid value of 4oC stored fish meal were lower than those of room temperature stored fish meal at the same storage time. Histamine increased first and then decreased with the storage time prolonging. Adding antioxidants was beneficial to the quality of fish meal. The growth and physiological effects of Penaeus vannamei were studied in a two-factor experimental design. The storage time of fish meal was 45 days, 90 days and 135 days, the antioxidant level was 0,300,800 mg/kg, and the fresh fish meal was stored at 4oC and room temperature, respectively, as the control group. 19 kinds of feeds were prepared and fed to the juvenile Penaeus vannamei shrimp with the initial weight of (0.40+0.02) g for 8 W. 2 280 healthy and uniform shrimps were randomly divided into 19 experimental groups with 3 replicates in each group and 40 shrimps in each replicate. The specific growth rate and protein efficiency were the highest in group A, and the feed coefficient was the lowest in group B. The feed coefficient and protein efficiency were the lowest in group B at 135 D and the highest in group B at 800 mg/kg. Fish meal storage time, antioxidant levels had significant effects on total antioxidant capacity and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase (P 0.05). Fish meal storage time, antioxidant levels and interaction between them had significant effects on liver and pancreas of Penaeus vannamei. Trypsin activity and TRS mRNA expression in glands were significantly affected (P 0.05). Under the condition of this experiment, the high antioxidant level of fish meal stored at 4oC for a short time was not conducive to the growth of Penaeus vannamei. Storage time at room temperature was the primary factor affecting the culture effect of Penaeus vannamei. Penaeus nabinensis can resist the damage of fish meal with poor freshness by improving its antioxidant capacity. 3. The effects of different storage methods of fish meal on the growth and physiological effects of grouper were studied. Under warm conditions, 19 kinds of diets were prepared with fresh fish meal as the control group and fed 8 W juvenile grouper with the initial weight of 18.75 (+0.05) G. There was no significant effect on survival rate, feed coefficient and protein efficiency (P 0.05). Storage time at room temperature had significant effect on weight gain and specific growth rate (P 0.05). The weight gain rate and specific growth rate of 45 D storage group were significantly higher than those of 135 D storage group (P 0.05). Fish meal storage time, antioxidant levels and their interaction had significant effects on total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the liver (P 0.05). Fish meal storage time, antioxidant levels and both had significant effects (P 0.05). Interaction between the two groups had significant effects on the activity of trypsin and the expression of TRS mRNA in the liver of grouper (P 0.05). The harm of fish meal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S963

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