【摘要】：中國(guó)甜柿‘鄂柿1號(hào)’及完全雄株是我國(guó)中部大別山原產(chǎn)特色柿種質(zhì),其攜帶與中國(guó)甜柿自然脫澀性狀緊密連鎖的RO2標(biāo)記,但作為完全甜柿育種親本的應(yīng)用潛力尚未見(jiàn)報(bào)道。本研究以‘鄂柿1號(hào)’或雄株2號(hào)作為完全甜柿育種親本進(jìn)行人工雜交授粉,利用中國(guó)甜柿快速遺傳改良技術(shù)體系,獲得僅開(kāi)雌花且攜帶RO2標(biāo)記的F_1代個(gè)體,并對(duì)其雜交F_1單株果實(shí)進(jìn)行甜澀性狀鑒定。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)雄株2號(hào)(2015和2016年)和‘鄂柿1號(hào)’(2015年)花粉萌發(fā)率均不超過(guò)10%,且三個(gè)雜交組合(‘恭城水柿’×雄株2號(hào)、‘早秋’ב鄂柿1號(hào)’和‘太秋’ב鄂柿1號(hào)’)均表現(xiàn)親和,其中‘早秋’ב鄂柿1號(hào)’親和性更高。三個(gè)雜交組合共授粉花朵數(shù)2022,得胚數(shù)為577,得到F_1代胚培試管苗共計(jì)430株,平均成苗率約74.5%。(2)利用RO2和DlSx-AF4S標(biāo)記對(duì)F_1代胚培試管苗進(jìn)行甜澀性狀及花性的早期鑒定,篩選到87份帶RO2標(biāo)記和不帶DlSx-AF4S標(biāo)記的目標(biāo)個(gè)體,占F_1代群體總數(shù)的23.5%。(3)共476株F_1代胚培試管苗嫩枝高接在成年君遷子上,成活313株,平均成活率為65.8%,‘早秋’ב鄂柿1號(hào)’雜交F_1代胚培試管苗嫁接成活率最高,可高達(dá)80.4%。(4)以常見(jiàn)中國(guó)甜柿,日本甜柿和非完全甜柿為對(duì)照,通過(guò)測(cè)定果實(shí)可溶性單寧和不溶性單寧含量、單寧細(xì)胞面積大小等指標(biāo)對(duì)雜交后代單株甜澀性狀進(jìn)行鑒定,確認(rèn)雜交F_1代單株H8-2(‘華柿1號(hào)’×雄株8號(hào))、H9-1(‘鄂柿1號(hào)’×雄株1號(hào))和H13-1(‘鄂柿1號(hào)’ב太秋’)為完全甜柿,且攜帶RO2標(biāo)記,其余21個(gè)雜交單株為非完全甜柿。綜上所述,大別山原產(chǎn)的中國(guó)甜柿‘鄂柿1號(hào)’及雄株8號(hào)帶有控制自然脫澀性狀的顯性基因CPCNA,因此在完全甜柿遺傳改良中具有作為育種親本的應(yīng)用潛力,利用‘鄂柿1號(hào)’或完全雄株為育種親本有望獲得一批僅開(kāi)雌花的中國(guó)甜柿新種質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:The Chinese sweet persimmon'E Persimmon 1 'and its complete male plant are native persimmon germplasm of Dabie Mountain in central China. They carry RO2 markers closely linked to the natural deastringness traits of Chinese sweet persimmon, but the application potential as a parent of full sweet persimmon breeding has not been reported. In this study,'E Persimmon 1'or 'Xiongshu 2' were used as breeding parents of sweet persimmon for artificial cross pollination. Using Chinese sweet persimmon rapid genetic improvement technique system, F-1 individuals with only female flower blooming and carrying RO2 markers were obtained. The sweet and astringent characters of single fruit of F _ 1 hybrid were identified. The main results were as follows: (1) the pollen germination rate of Xiongshu 2 (2015 and 2016) and'E Persimmon 1'(2015) was not more than 10%, and three cross combinations ('Gongcheng persimmon' 脳 male 2), 'early autumn' 脳'E Persimmon 1 'and' Taiqiu'脳'E Persimmon 1') showed affinity, and 'early autumn' 脳'E Persimmon 1 'had higher affinity. The total number of pollinated flowers was 2022, and the number of embryos was 577. A total of 430 F1-generation embryo plantlets were obtained, and the average seedling forming rate was about 74.5%. (2) RO2 and DlSx-AF4S markers were used to identify the sweet and astringent characters and flower characteristics of F-1 generation embryo plantlets. 87 target individuals with or without RO2 markers were selected, accounting for 23.5m of the total number of FSCs. (3) A total of 476 F1-generation embryo culture plantlets were planted on adult Junqian seeds, and 313 of them survived. The average survival rate was 65.8% in early autumn 脳'E persimmon No. 1 'hybrid F1 generation. The survival rate was the highest, up to 80.4%. (4) the common Chinese sweet persimmon, Japanese sweet persimmon and non-complete sweet persimmon were used as the control. The sweet and astringent characters of single plant of hybrid progenies were identified by measuring the content of soluble tannin and insoluble tannin, the area of tannin cells and so on. H8-2 (1 脳 male 8) and H13-1 ('E Persimmon 1 脳 male 1') and H13-1 ('E Persimmon 1 脳 Taiqiu') were considered as full sweet persimmon and carrying RO2 markers. The other 21 hybrid plants were non-complete sweet persimmon. In conclusion, the dominant gene CPCNA of Chinese sweet persimmon'E persimmon 1 'and male tree 8 originated from Dabie Mountain have the potential to be used as breeding parents in the genetic improvement of fully sweet persimmon. It is expected to obtain some new germplasm of Chinese sweet persimmon with only female flowers by using'E Persimmon 1'or complete male plant as breeding parent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S665.2

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