發(fā)布時間：2018-08-06 17:40

【摘要】：為了探明紅花爾基樟子松林下外生菌根真菌資源及樟子松優(yōu)良菌樹組合,本研究首先在內蒙古大興安嶺紅花爾基樟子松林地內進行外生菌根真菌資源的調查;其次,對分離(組織分離法)得到的樟子松林下幾個松屬的優(yōu)勢菌種在盆栽純培養(yǎng)條件下和苗圃條件下通過人工接種的方式進行菌根苗合成研究,并在干旱脅迫條件下測定不同菌樹組合的生長和生理生化指標,目的是了解鄉(xiāng)土外生菌根真菌資源以及篩選出樟子松優(yōu)良菌樹組合,為紅花爾基樟子松林的保護與重建提供菌種資源和優(yōu)良菌根苗。研究結果如下:(1)在紅花爾基樟子松林下目前共發(fā)現(xiàn)57種大型真菌,隸屬于16科26屬,其中外生菌根真菌43種,占真菌總數(shù)的75.4%。(2)盆栽條件下,將5種外生菌根真菌與2個月齡樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)進行接種,8個月后,在正常水分和干旱脅迫處理條件下,測定樟子松菌根侵染率、生長和生理指標,發(fā)現(xiàn)接種處理的各項指標均高于未接種處理,且接種粘蓋牛肝菌(Suillus bovinus)在這兩種條件下均具有最高的菌根侵染率(80%、71%)、苗高(48mm、47.2mm)、針葉長(104.2mm、102.6mm)、生物量(0.816g/pot、0.924g/pot);此外,干旱脅迫降低了菌根化樟子松的菌根侵染率、苗高、針葉長和地徑;增加了生物量的積累。(3)干旱脅迫下,對樟子松SOD活性、POD活性、MDA含量進行測定,結果表明接種處理的POD和SOD活性均顯著高于未接種處理,而MDA含量顯著低于未接種處理,說明外生菌根可以提高幼苗松針POD和SOD活性、降低MDA含量在幼苗體內的積累來增強苗木的抗旱性。(4)干旱脅迫下,所有接種處理的樟子松苗木的萎蔫時間較未接種處理推遲,推遲時間最長的是接種粘蓋牛肝菌的樟子松苗木,較對照推遲192.92h;且均能夠延長宿主臨界致死時間。(5)苗圃條件下,將5種外生菌根真菌與樟子松接種,發(fā)現(xiàn)接種處理的菌根侵染率均超過70%;而未接種處理也形成了菌根,但菌根侵染率遠遠低于各接種處理,較接種處理平均降低56.32%,是由于紅花爾基外生菌根真菌較豐富,土壤中存在較多的外生菌根真菌的菌絲體。接種粘蓋牛肝菌具有最高的菌根侵染率(84.6%)、苗高(160.8 mm)、針葉長(108.2 mm)、生物量(5.496 g/pot)。菌根形成后幼苗根圍土壤pH值顯著降低,5個接種處理的土壤pH值均低于未接種處理。(6)選用菌根化樟子松苗進行造林應首先考慮的菌種是粘蓋牛肝菌。
[Abstract]:In order to find out the ectomycorrhizal fungi resources of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and the combination of fine fungi of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, the ectomycorrhizal fungi resources were investigated in the forest land of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in Daxinganling, Inner Mongolia, and then the ectomycorrhizal fungi resources were investigated. The root seedling synthesis of several dominant strains of Pinus in Pinus sylvestris forest isolated by tissue separation was studied by artificial inoculation under the condition of pot culture and nursery. Under the condition of drought stress, the growth, physiological and biochemical indexes of different combinations of fungi were determined in order to understand the ectomycorrhizal fungi resources of native soil and to screen out the excellent combinations of fungi of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. For the protection and reconstruction of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest, we can provide strain resources and excellent root seedlings. The results are as follows: (1) A total of 57 species of macrofungi, belonging to 26 genera and 16 families, have been found under the stands of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, including 43 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi, which account for 75.4% of the total number of fungi. (2) under potted conditions, Five species of ectomycorrhizal fungi were inoculated with 2-month old (Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica. After 8 months of inoculation, the infection rate, growth and physiological indexes of P. sylvestris var. mongolica were determined under normal water and drought stress conditions. The results showed that the indexes of inoculation treatment were higher than those of non-inoculation treatment, and the inoculation of Boletus vulgaris (Suillus bovinus) had the highest infection rate of mycorrhizal infection (800.71%), seedling height (48mm ~ 47.2mm), needle length (104.2mm ~ 102.6mm) and biomass (0.816g / r ~ 0.924g / pot) under both conditions. Drought stress decreased mycorrhizal infection rate, seedling height, needle length and basal diameter, and increased biomass accumulation of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica under drought stress. (3) under drought stress, the SOD activity of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica was determined. The results showed that the activities of POD and SOD of inoculation treatment were significantly higher than those of uninoculated treatment, but the content of MDA was significantly lower than that of uninoculated treatment, which indicated that ectomycorrhizal mycorrhizae could increase the activities of POD and SOD in pine needles of seedlings. (4) under drought stress, the wilting time of all inoculated seedlings of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica was delayed than that of uninoculated seedlings, and the longest delay time was the seedlings of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica inoculated with Boletus vulgaris. Compared with the control, the critical lethal time of host was prolonged by 192.92 hours. (5) under nursery conditions, the inoculation of five ectomycorrhizal fungi and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica showed that the mycorrhizal infection rate of inoculation treatment exceeded 70%, and the mycorrhizal infection rate of uninoculated treatment was more than 70%. But the infection rate of mycorrhizal mycorrhizae was much lower than that of each inoculation treatment, which was 56.32 lower than that of inoculation treatment, which was due to the abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi and the existence of more ectomycorrhizal fungi mycelia in soil. The inoculation of Boletus vulgaris had the highest mycorrhizal infection rate (84.6%) and seedling height (160.8 mm), needle length (108.2 mm), biomass (5.496 g/pot). After mycorrhizal formation, the soil pH value of seedling rhizosphere decreased significantly, and the soil pH value of five inoculation treatments was lower than that of uninoculated treatment. (6) the first species to be considered for afforestation was Boletus vulgaris.
【學位授予單位】：內蒙古農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S791.253;S718.8

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