遮陰對(duì)甘肅馬先蒿形態(tài)可塑性及生理應(yīng)激性的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-02 12:26
【摘要】：針對(duì)現(xiàn)有觀賞花卉品種少、病蟲(chóng)害頻發(fā)、抗性下降、觀賞性衰退等實(shí)際問(wèn)題,依托川西高原豐富的野生花卉種質(zhì)資源,擬篩選抗性強(qiáng)、觀賞性佳的野生花卉為園林美化事業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展服務(wù)。論文以高輻射地區(qū)的野生甘肅馬先蒿(Pedicularis kansuensis)為試驗(yàn)材料,采用控制性試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),設(shè)置3個(gè)(CK、35%、70%)遮陰梯度,研究遮陰脅迫下甘肅馬先蒿構(gòu)件性狀、生物量分配及形態(tài)塑性,分析甘肅馬先蒿抗氧化酶活性、抗性、光合色素和光合參數(shù)對(duì)遮陰生境的應(yīng)激反應(yīng),揭示其在不同光照環(huán)境下的生存策略及生長(zhǎng)特點(diǎn),為從高輻射地區(qū)引種馴化野生觀賞花卉及其開(kāi)發(fā)利用提供依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)構(gòu)件形態(tài):遮陰對(duì)甘肅馬先蒿葉、莖、根性狀有顯著影響(P0.05)。葉性狀和莖性狀指標(biāo)在35%遮陰下均達(dá)最大值,隨遮陰度繼續(xù)加重,莖性狀和葉性狀均呈下降趨勢(shì),70%遮陰下達(dá)最小值。根數(shù)、根長(zhǎng)和根莖直徑則隨遮陰增加而逐漸下降。花性狀受遮陰影響最小,僅花軸長(zhǎng)及花數(shù)有顯著影響。(2)生物量及分配比:遮陰對(duì)生物量及生物量分配比均有極顯著性影響(P0.01)。遮陰對(duì)地上生物量的影響大于地下生物量。隨遮陰度增加,莖、葉、花軸和花果等構(gòu)件生物量呈先升后降趨勢(shì),根生物量則隨遮陰的增加呈降低趨勢(shì),在35%遮陰下達(dá)到最大值,70%遮陰下最小。遮陰脅迫下,根生物量分配比和根冠比隨遮陰度的增加逐漸減少,CK下最大。葉、軸、花果生物量分配比在35%遮陰下最大,70%遮陰下最低,輕度遮陰有利于地上生物量積累。(3)構(gòu)件生物量相關(guān)性:莖生物量與其它生物量之間存在極顯著的相關(guān)性(P0.01),相關(guān)系數(shù)達(dá)到了0.940以上;其中莖與地上生物量的相關(guān)性最大,達(dá)到0.993。根生物量與總物量的相關(guān)系數(shù)最大,與株高的相關(guān)系數(shù)最小,分別為0.971和0.718。株高與莖的相關(guān)性最大,達(dá)到了0.929。地上和總生物量之間的相關(guān)性達(dá)到了100%。(4)抗性生理:遮陰對(duì)抗氧化酶活性、傷害性物質(zhì)有極顯著影響(P0.01)。POD、CAT、SOD活性在35%遮陰下達(dá)到最大,隨遮陰度繼續(xù)加重,活性顯著降低。MDA和H2O2含量隨遮陰度增加逐漸上升,CK和35%遮陰下含量差異不明顯,70%遮陰下顯著增加了其含量。重度遮陰加重了甘肅馬先蒿膜脂過(guò)氧化程度,不利于其生長(zhǎng)。遮陰對(duì)抗性物質(zhì)、次生代謝產(chǎn)物有極顯著影響(P0.01)。T-AOC、OPC、TP、SP含量均在35%遮陰下達(dá)到最大值,隨遮陰度繼續(xù)加重,含量顯著降低�；ㄉ蘸皖慄S酮含量隨遮陰度的增加持續(xù)下降,CK下含量最高,70%遮陰下最小。輕度遮陰有利于抗性物質(zhì)和代謝產(chǎn)物的積累,提高植物抗性。(6)光合色素:遮陰對(duì)光合色素含量均有極顯著影響(P0.01)。Chla、Chlb及Chl(a+b)的值隨遮陰度的增加顯著上升,35%遮陰度下值最大,CK下值最小。Car含量隨遮陰度增加呈先增后減趨勢(shì),70%遮陰下值最小。Chl(a/b)的含量隨遮陰度的增加呈先降后升趨勢(shì),CK下達(dá)到最大值,35%遮陰下值最小。表明適度遮陰有助于甘肅馬先蒿光合色素的累積,提高光合效率。(7)光合參數(shù):遮陰對(duì)氣孔交換參數(shù)及光合參數(shù)均有極顯著影響(P0.01)。Pn、Gs、Tr隨遮陰度增加而逐漸下降,CK下達(dá)到最大值。Ci則隨遮陰度增加逐漸增加,70%遮陰下值最高。甘肅馬先蒿Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci隨光合有效輻射的增加變化趨勢(shì)基本一致,其中Pn、Gs、Tr均隨光照輻射的增加而增加,Ci濃度則一直降低。甘肅馬先蒿Pmax、LSP、LCP、Rd等均隨遮陰度的增加呈下降趨勢(shì),CK下達(dá)到最大值,70%遮陰下最小。甘肅馬先蒿L(fēng)SP值較大、LCP值較小,表明其對(duì)光適應(yīng)能力較強(qiáng)。CK及輕度遮陰下有利于甘肅馬先蒿光合作用,提高其光能利用率。綜上所述,甘肅馬先蒿對(duì)光照適應(yīng)能力較強(qiáng),高輻射和低輻射下均可開(kāi)花。35%遮陰下,野生甘肅馬先蒿的生長(zhǎng)特性、生理抗性及光合特性指標(biāo)較高,表現(xiàn)出一定的耐陰性和抗性,適合引種馴化。因此,人工引種栽培時(shí)要合理調(diào)控光照強(qiáng)度,避免生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境過(guò)度蔭蔽,以期增加花數(shù)與增大花軸,充分發(fā)揮其觀賞價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:In view of the fact that there are few varieties of ornamental flowers, frequent diseases and insect pests, decline in resistance, and ornamental decline, relying on the rich germplasm resources of wild flowers in the Western Sichuan Plateau, the wild flowers with good resistance and good ornamentals are used to serve the sustainable development of landscaping. The paper is a wild Gansu Ma Xianhao (Pedicularis Kan). Suensis) for the test material, 3 (CK, 35%, 70%) shade gradient was set up with control test design, and the component traits, biomass distribution and morphologic plasticity in Gansu under shade stress were studied. The stress response of antioxidant enzymes, resistance, photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic parameters to shaded habitats in Gansu was analyzed, and they were revealed in different Guang Zhaohuan. The subsistence strategy and growth characteristics provided a basis for the introduction and taming of wild ornamental flowers from high radiation areas and their development and utilization. The main results are as follows: (1) component morphology: shade has a significant influence on the leaf, stem and root of Gansu. The leaf traits and stem traits reach the maximum value under 35% shading and follow the shade degree. The stem character and leaf character showed a downward trend, and the number of roots, root length and rhizome diameter decreased gradually with the increase of shade. The flower traits were least affected by shade, only the length of the flower axis and the number of flowers had significant influence. (2) the biomass and distribution ratio: shade had a very significant effect on biomass and biomass allocation ratio (P0.01 The effect of shading on the aboveground biomass was greater than that of the underground biomass. With the increase of shade, the biomass of stem, leaf, flower axis and flower fruit decreased, and the root biomass decreased with the increase of shade, and reached the maximum value under 35% shading. Under shade stress, the ratio of root biomass distribution and the ratio of root cap to shade under shade stress. The increase gradually reduced, the largest under CK. Leaf, shaft, flower and fruit biomass allocation ratio is the largest under 35% shade, 70% shade under the lowest, mild shade is beneficial to the accumulation of aboveground biomass. (3) biomass correlation: stem biomass and other biomass between the extremely significant correlation (P0.01), the correlation coefficient reached more than 0.940; among them, stem and ground The correlation coefficient of aboveground biomass is the largest, the correlation coefficient of 0.993. root biomass and total biomass is the largest, and the correlation coefficient with plant height is the smallest. The correlation between 0.971 and 0.718. plant height is the greatest, and the correlation between 0.929. and total biomass reaches 100%. (4) resistance physiology: shading antioxidant enzyme activity, nociceptive substance P0.01.POD, CAT, SOD activity reached the maximum under 35% shade, with the shade degree continued to increase, the activity significantly decreased.MDA and H2O2 content increased with the shade degree, CK and 35% shade content difference was not obvious, 70% shade under significantly increased its content. Severe shading aggravated the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation in Gansu. It was not conducive to its growth. The secondary metabolites were significantly affected (P0.01).T-AOC, OPC, TP, and SP reached the maximum value under 35% shading. The content of anthocyanins and flavonoids continued to decrease with the increase of shade. The content of anthocyanins and flavonoids continued to decrease with the shade degree, the highest in CK, the smallest under the shade of 70%. It is beneficial to the accumulation of resistant substances and metabolites and improve plant resistance. (6) photosynthetic pigment: shade has a very significant effect on the content of photosynthetic pigments (P0.01).Chla, Chlb and Chl (a+b) increases with the increase of shade degree, the value of 35% shade is the largest, and the minimum.Car content of CK below the shade degree increases first and then decreases, and the value of 70% shading below the lower value. The minimum.Chl (a/b) content decreases first and then rises with the increase of shade, reaching the maximum value under CK and the minimum under 35% shade. It shows that moderate shade helps the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and the photosynthetic efficiency in Gansu. (7) the photosynthetic parameters: shade has a very significant effect on the stomatal exchange parameters and photosynthetic parameters (P0.01).Pn, Gs, Tr with shade. When the degree of CK is increased, the maximum value.Ci increases with the shade degree, and the value of the 70% shading is the highest. The increasing trend of Pn, Gs, Tr, Ci with the increase of photosynthetic effective radiation is basically the same, in which Pn, Gs, Tr all increase with the increase of light radiation, and the Ci concentration has been reduced. The Pmax, LSP, LSP, and so on in Gansu The increase of shade degree is decreasing, reaching the maximum under CK, the smallest under 70% shade. The LSP value of Gansu horse is larger and the value of LCP is small. It indicates that the light adaptation ability is strong.CK and the light shade is beneficial to the photosynthesis of the horse, and the light energy utilization rate is improved. In summary, the light adaptation ability of Gansu Ma Shihao is strong, high radiation and high radiation. Under low radiation, under the shade of.35%, the growth characteristics, physiological resistance and photosynthetic characteristics of the wild Gansu were high, which showed a certain resistance and resistance, suitable for introduction and domestication. Therefore, the artificial introduction and cultivation should regulate the light intensity and avoid overshadow of the growth ring, in order to increase the number of flowers and increase the flower axis. Give full play to its ornamental value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西華師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S682.19
本文編號(hào)：2159434
[Abstract]:In view of the fact that there are few varieties of ornamental flowers, frequent diseases and insect pests, decline in resistance, and ornamental decline, relying on the rich germplasm resources of wild flowers in the Western Sichuan Plateau, the wild flowers with good resistance and good ornamentals are used to serve the sustainable development of landscaping. The paper is a wild Gansu Ma Xianhao (Pedicularis Kan). Suensis) for the test material, 3 (CK, 35%, 70%) shade gradient was set up with control test design, and the component traits, biomass distribution and morphologic plasticity in Gansu under shade stress were studied. The stress response of antioxidant enzymes, resistance, photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic parameters to shaded habitats in Gansu was analyzed, and they were revealed in different Guang Zhaohuan. The subsistence strategy and growth characteristics provided a basis for the introduction and taming of wild ornamental flowers from high radiation areas and their development and utilization. The main results are as follows: (1) component morphology: shade has a significant influence on the leaf, stem and root of Gansu. The leaf traits and stem traits reach the maximum value under 35% shading and follow the shade degree. The stem character and leaf character showed a downward trend, and the number of roots, root length and rhizome diameter decreased gradually with the increase of shade. The flower traits were least affected by shade, only the length of the flower axis and the number of flowers had significant influence. (2) the biomass and distribution ratio: shade had a very significant effect on biomass and biomass allocation ratio (P0.01 The effect of shading on the aboveground biomass was greater than that of the underground biomass. With the increase of shade, the biomass of stem, leaf, flower axis and flower fruit decreased, and the root biomass decreased with the increase of shade, and reached the maximum value under 35% shading. Under shade stress, the ratio of root biomass distribution and the ratio of root cap to shade under shade stress. The increase gradually reduced, the largest under CK. Leaf, shaft, flower and fruit biomass allocation ratio is the largest under 35% shade, 70% shade under the lowest, mild shade is beneficial to the accumulation of aboveground biomass. (3) biomass correlation: stem biomass and other biomass between the extremely significant correlation (P0.01), the correlation coefficient reached more than 0.940; among them, stem and ground The correlation coefficient of aboveground biomass is the largest, the correlation coefficient of 0.993. root biomass and total biomass is the largest, and the correlation coefficient with plant height is the smallest. The correlation between 0.971 and 0.718. plant height is the greatest, and the correlation between 0.929. and total biomass reaches 100%. (4) resistance physiology: shading antioxidant enzyme activity, nociceptive substance P0.01.POD, CAT, SOD activity reached the maximum under 35% shade, with the shade degree continued to increase, the activity significantly decreased.MDA and H2O2 content increased with the shade degree, CK and 35% shade content difference was not obvious, 70% shade under significantly increased its content. Severe shading aggravated the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation in Gansu. It was not conducive to its growth. The secondary metabolites were significantly affected (P0.01).T-AOC, OPC, TP, and SP reached the maximum value under 35% shading. The content of anthocyanins and flavonoids continued to decrease with the increase of shade. The content of anthocyanins and flavonoids continued to decrease with the shade degree, the highest in CK, the smallest under the shade of 70%. It is beneficial to the accumulation of resistant substances and metabolites and improve plant resistance. (6) photosynthetic pigment: shade has a very significant effect on the content of photosynthetic pigments (P0.01).Chla, Chlb and Chl (a+b) increases with the increase of shade degree, the value of 35% shade is the largest, and the minimum.Car content of CK below the shade degree increases first and then decreases, and the value of 70% shading below the lower value. The minimum.Chl (a/b) content decreases first and then rises with the increase of shade, reaching the maximum value under CK and the minimum under 35% shade. It shows that moderate shade helps the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and the photosynthetic efficiency in Gansu. (7) the photosynthetic parameters: shade has a very significant effect on the stomatal exchange parameters and photosynthetic parameters (P0.01).Pn, Gs, Tr with shade. When the degree of CK is increased, the maximum value.Ci increases with the shade degree, and the value of the 70% shading is the highest. The increasing trend of Pn, Gs, Tr, Ci with the increase of photosynthetic effective radiation is basically the same, in which Pn, Gs, Tr all increase with the increase of light radiation, and the Ci concentration has been reduced. The Pmax, LSP, LSP, and so on in Gansu The increase of shade degree is decreasing, reaching the maximum under CK, the smallest under 70% shade. The LSP value of Gansu horse is larger and the value of LCP is small. It indicates that the light adaptation ability is strong.CK and the light shade is beneficial to the photosynthesis of the horse, and the light energy utilization rate is improved. In summary, the light adaptation ability of Gansu Ma Shihao is strong, high radiation and high radiation. Under low radiation, under the shade of.35%, the growth characteristics, physiological resistance and photosynthetic characteristics of the wild Gansu were high, which showed a certain resistance and resistance, suitable for introduction and domestication. Therefore, the artificial introduction and cultivation should regulate the light intensity and avoid overshadow of the growth ring, in order to increase the number of flowers and increase the flower axis. Give full play to its ornamental value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西華師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S682.19
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