發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-02 10:04

【摘要】：本文以大豆為試驗(yàn)材料,在內(nèi)蒙古呼倫貝爾市阿榮旗地區(qū)于2016年進(jìn)行大田定位試驗(yàn),設(shè)寬覆膜、免耕、秸稈覆蓋、免耕秸稈覆蓋和傳統(tǒng)耕作5個(gè)處理,測(cè)定大豆整個(gè)生育期0～20cm 土壤溫度、0～100cm 土層土壤水分、生理形態(tài)指標(biāo)、干物質(zhì)積累和產(chǎn)量等,探討旱作條件下不同耕作覆蓋措施的增產(chǎn)機(jī)制及其對(duì)土壤水熱環(huán)境的影響,進(jìn)一步篩選出適合嶺東南地區(qū)的旱作農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)。得到主要結(jié)論如下:(1)與傳統(tǒng)耕作相比,覆膜在整個(gè)生育期表現(xiàn)出了增溫和降溫雙重效應(yīng),在生育前期和中期表現(xiàn)為增溫效果;在生育后期表現(xiàn)為降溫效果。全生育期0～20cm 土壤平均溫度較傳統(tǒng)耕作高1.18℃,土壤積溫較對(duì)照處理增加了 130.07℃。而免耕、秸稈覆蓋和免耕秸稈覆蓋處理整個(gè)生育期都表現(xiàn)為降溫效應(yīng);降溫效應(yīng)以免耕秸稈覆蓋最明顯,全生育期0～20cm 土壤平均溫度較傳統(tǒng)耕作低1.13℃。土壤積溫較對(duì)照處理降低了 120.75℃。不同生育期各處理間的溫度差異以表層最明顯,隨著土壤深度的增加差異逐漸減弱。(2)免耕秸稈覆蓋和覆膜方式都能夠有效的抑制土壤水分蒸發(fā),保墑作用明顯;0～100cm 土層貯水量全生育期分別比傳統(tǒng)耕作顯著高出193.95mm和192.70mm,免耕秸稈覆蓋整體的保墑效果好于覆膜,尤其在關(guān)鍵生育階段(開花～結(jié)莢)土壤貯水量處于最高狀態(tài),保證了作物的供水。秸稈覆蓋和免耕處理影響不明顯。(3)不同的耕作覆蓋措施對(duì)大豆的生長(zhǎng)和干物質(zhì)的積累的提高都有效果,其中覆膜效果最好,免耕秸稈覆蓋次之,其它處理與傳統(tǒng)耕作差異較小。覆膜和免耕秸稈覆蓋能顯著提高大豆的株高、莖粗、葉面積及植株干物質(zhì)積累量,最終增加大豆的產(chǎn)量。(4)不同耕作覆蓋措施均能增加大豆植株的莢數(shù)、單株粒數(shù)、百粒重以及產(chǎn)量,其中以覆膜效果最好,免耕秸稈覆蓋次之。覆膜和免耕秸稈覆蓋處理下大豆產(chǎn)量較傳統(tǒng)耕作分別提高43.36%和35.12%,水分利用效率較傳統(tǒng)耕作分別提高15.02%和10.72%。研究表明寬覆膜種植技術(shù)能夠顯著提高大豆產(chǎn)量和協(xié)調(diào)土壤水熱狀況,適宜在半濕潤(rùn)偏旱區(qū)大豆種植中應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:In this paper, soybean was used as the experimental material, and the field location test was carried out in the Arong Banner area of Hulunbeir City in Inner Mongolia in 2016. Five treatments were set up: wide mulching, no-tillage, straw mulching, no-tillage straw mulching and traditional tillage. The soil moisture, physiological form index, dry matter accumulation and yield were measured in 100 cm soil layer of 0~20cm soil temperature during the whole growth period of soybean. The mechanism of increasing yield under different tillage and mulching measures and its effect on soil water and heat environment were discussed. Furthermore, the dry farming techniques suitable for the southeast region of the mountains were screened out. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) compared with the traditional tillage, the film mulching showed the effect of temperature increasing and cooling in the whole growth period, the effect of warming in the early and middle growth period, and the cooling effect in the late growth period. The average temperature of 0~20cm was 1.18 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2159085