【摘要】：本試驗(yàn)以初重為(6.07±0.03 g)的花鱸為養(yǎng)殖對(duì)象,研究豆粕替代魚(yú)粉對(duì)花鱸生長(zhǎng)及腸道健康的影響。用豆粕替代飼料中0(D1)、50%(D2)和75%(D3)的魚(yú)粉,配制3種等氮(粗蛋白43%)等脂(粗脂肪13%)的試驗(yàn)飼料,實(shí)驗(yàn)分為3個(gè)處理,每個(gè)處理3個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)20尾魚(yú),飽食投喂2次/天(08:30和18:00),試驗(yàn)周期8周。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.豆粕替代魚(yú)粉對(duì)花鱸生長(zhǎng)性能、體組成、消化酶活性和表觀消化率的影響花鱸的增重率(WG)、特定生長(zhǎng)率(SGR)、飼料效率(FE)、蛋白質(zhì)效率(PER)和成活率(SR)的最低值和最高值分別出現(xiàn)在D3組和D1組。D3組花鱸體內(nèi)水分和灰分的含量顯著高于其他組,蛋白和脂肪含量顯著低于其他組(P0.05)�；|腸道消化酶活力隨豆粕替代量的升高而降低�；|對(duì)飼料蛋白、能量和干物質(zhì)表觀消化率隨豆粕替代量升高而顯著降低(P0.05)。以上結(jié)果表明:豆粕替代魚(yú)粉可能通過(guò)降低花鱸腸道消化酶活力和表觀消化率,從而降低其生長(zhǎng)性能,影響其體組成。2.豆粕替代魚(yú)粉對(duì)花鱸腸道組織形態(tài)和腸道機(jī)械屏障功能的影響腸道形態(tài)學(xué)測(cè)量顯示:隨著豆粕替代量的逐漸升高,花鱸前腸、中腸絨毛長(zhǎng)度、絨毛寬度、肌層厚度和絨腺比逐漸降低。腸道組織結(jié)構(gòu)觀察發(fā)現(xiàn):與D1組相比,D2組和D3組的腸黏膜結(jié)構(gòu)遭到破壞,出現(xiàn)腸黏膜上皮細(xì)胞逐漸稀疏、排列紊亂、固有層加寬等現(xiàn)象。豆粕的替代水平的增加顯著升高了花鱸血清D-乳酸濃度(P0.05)。當(dāng)替代魚(yú)粉比例為50%時(shí),花鱸血清二胺氧化酶活性與全魚(yú)粉組相比沒(méi)有顯著性變化(P0.05),當(dāng)替代量達(dá)到75%時(shí),血清二胺氧化酶活性顯著升高(DAO)(P0.05)。以上結(jié)果表明:豆粕替代魚(yú)粉會(huì)損傷花鱸腸黏膜組織結(jié)構(gòu),破壞其機(jī)械屏障功能。3.豆粕替代魚(yú)粉對(duì)花鱸腸道小肽、氨基酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)載體及炎性因子基因表達(dá)量的影響與D1組相比,D2和D3組花鱸前腸肽轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)載體PepT1基因的表達(dá)量顯著上升(P0.05),而中腸PepT1表達(dá)量沒(méi)有顯著差異(P0.05);花鱸前腸氨基酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)載體(LAT1)表達(dá)量在D1和D2組差異不顯著(P0.05),但顯著低于D3組(P0.05),氨基酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)載體(SLC1A5)表達(dá)量在D1和D3組差異不顯著(P0.05),但顯著低于D2組(P0.05);中腸LAT1和SLC1A5表達(dá)量隨著豆粕替代水平的增加而顯著上升(P0.05)。與全魚(yú)粉組相比,飼料中豆粕替代魚(yú)粉顯著增加花鱸前腸促炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-2和IL-8基因的表達(dá)量(P0.05);也顯著增加中腸TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-2表達(dá)量,但對(duì)IL-8基因表達(dá)量無(wú)顯著影響(P0.05)。飼料中豆粕替代魚(yú)粉顯著降低花鱸前腸和中腸抗炎因子IL-4基因表達(dá)量(P0.05)。然而,抗炎因子IL-10基因表達(dá)量在前腸D2組最高,而在中腸則D3組最高(P0.05)。以上結(jié)果表明,豆粕替代魚(yú)粉會(huì)影響花鱸腸道小肽和氨基酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)載體的表達(dá);高比例豆粕替代魚(yú)粉會(huì)增加腸道促炎因子的表達(dá),降低抗炎因子的表達(dá),且前腸的敏感性高于中腸。4.豆粕替代魚(yú)粉對(duì)花鱸腸道菌群結(jié)構(gòu)的影響腸壁微生物多樣性測(cè)序結(jié)果如下:豆粕替代魚(yú)粉水平?jīng)]有改變花鱸前腸腸壁菌群的種類(lèi)多樣性,但很大程度影響了其腸壁菌群的數(shù)量。豆粕替代魚(yú)粉水平?jīng)]有改變花鱸前腸腸壁的優(yōu)勢(shì)菌群種類(lèi)組成,卻很大程度改變了優(yōu)勢(shì)菌群菌落的數(shù)量組成。且隨著豆粕替代魚(yú)粉水平的逐漸升高,花鱸前腸腸壁的有害菌群(假單胞菌、不動(dòng)桿菌、乳球菌、腸桿菌)數(shù)量提高,有益菌(芽孢桿菌)數(shù)量降低。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, the effect of soybean meal instead of fish meal on the growth and intestinal health of perch was studied in the experiment (6.07 + 0.03 g). Soybean meal was used to replace 0 (D1), 50% (D2) and 75% (D3) fish meal in feed, and 3 kinds of equal nitrogen (crude protein 43%) fat (crude fat 13%) were prepared. The experiment was divided into 3 treatments, 3 repetitions per treatment, each treatment. 20 fish were repeated for 2 times / day (08:30 and 18:00), and the test period was 8 weeks. The main results were as follows: 1. soybean meal substitute fish meal for the growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activity and apparent digestibility of perch, the weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency (PER) and survival rate (SR). The content of water and ash in D3 group and D1 group.D3 group was significantly higher than that of other groups, and the content of protein and fat was significantly lower than that of other groups (P0.05). The digestive enzyme activity of perch bass decreased with the increase of soybean meal replacement. Significantly lower (P0.05). The results showed that the replacement of fish meal by soybean meal could reduce the digestive enzyme activity and apparent digestibility of the perch, thus reducing the growth performance, and affecting the morphology of the intestinal tissue and the intestinal mechanical barrier function of the.2. soybean meal instead of fish meal on the intestinal tissue morphology and intestinal mechanical barrier function of the perch. The intestinal mucosal structure of D2 and D3 groups was destroyed, the intestinal mucosal epithelial cells were gradually thinning, disordered and lamina widened, and the replacement level of soybean meal was increased. The serum D- lactic acid concentration (P0.05) was significantly increased. When the replacement of fish meal ratio was 50%, the activity of two amine oxidase in the serum of perch was not significantly different from that of the whole fish meal group (P0.05). When the replacement amount reached 75%, the activity of serum two amine oxidase increased significantly (DAO) (P0.05). The results showed that soybean meal instead of fish meal would damage the intestinal mucus of perch. The effect of.3. soybean meal instead of fish meal on the intestinal small peptide, amino acid transport carrier and the expression of inflammatory factor gene was significantly higher than that of the D1 group. The expression of PepT1 gene in the D2 and D3 group was significantly increased (P0.05), but there was no significant difference in the expression of PepT1 in the midgut (P0.05). The expression of intestinal amino acid transport carrier (LAT1) was not significantly different in D1 and D2 groups (P0.05), but significantly lower than that in D3 group (P0.05). The expression of amino acid transport carrier (SLC1A5) was not significantly different in D1 and D3 group (P0.05), but significantly lower than that in D2 group (P0.05). Compared with the powder group, the replacement of fish meal in the feed soybean meal significantly increased the expression of TNF- a, IL-1 beta, IL-2 and IL-8 genes (P0.05) in the foregut of perch, but also significantly increased the expression of TNF- a, IL-1 beta and IL-2 in the midgut, but had no significant influence on the expression of IL-8 gene (P0.05). The substitution of fish meal in the feed soybean meal significantly reduced the I anti-inflammatory factors of the foregut and midgut of the perch The expression of L-4 gene (P0.05). However, the expression of IL-10 gene was highest in the D2 group of the foregut, but the highest in the middle intestine (P0.05). The above results showed that the substitution of fish meal in the soybean meal would affect the expression of the small peptide and amino acid transporters in the intestinal tract of the perch, and the high proportion of soybean meal instead of fish meal would increase the expression of intestinal proinflammatory factors and reduce the anti-inflammatory factors. The sensitivity of the foregut was higher than that of the midgut.4. soybean meal instead of fish meal on the structure of intestinal microflora of perch. The results of microbial diversity of intestinal wall were as follows: soybean meal instead of fish meal did not change the variety of the intestinal microflora in the foregut, but greatly influenced the number of intestinal microflora. Soybean meal replaced fish meal level. The species composition of the dominant flora of the intestinal wall of the perch was not changed, but the number of the dominant bacteria colony was greatly changed, and the number of harmful bacteria (Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Lactococcus, Enterococcus) in the intestinal wall of the perch was increased with the increase of the level of fish meal, and the number of Bacillus (Bacillus) decreased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：集美大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S965.211

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 黃鑫瑋;楊莎莎;劉毅;范濤;明偉;林榮楠;溫安祥;;殼寡糖對(duì)幼建鯉生長(zhǎng)性能、脂肪代謝、非特異性免疫功能和腸道健康的影響[J];動(dòng)物營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)報(bào);2015年07期

2 吳娟娟;賴(lài)水明;潘珂;涂小麗;朱年華;;腸道菌群對(duì)仔雞腸道發(fā)育、黏膜形態(tài)和免疫器官發(fā)育的影響[J];動(dòng)物營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)報(bào);2015年04期

3 朱向東;曹燕飛;王燕;汪斌;段永強(qiáng);;潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎大鼠血清白細(xì)胞介素-1β、腫瘤壞死因子-α、白細(xì)胞介素-4動(dòng)態(tài)表達(dá)規(guī)律[J];中國(guó)老年學(xué)雜志;2015年02期

4 郁二蒙;張振男;夏耘;謝駿;王廣軍;余德光;;攝食不同餌料的大口黑鱸腸道菌群分析[J];水產(chǎn)學(xué)報(bào);2015年01期

5 黃薪蓓;許慶彪;劉建新;;腸道氨基酸和小肽轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)載體的基因表達(dá)、影響因素與分子調(diào)控機(jī)制[J];動(dòng)物營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)報(bào);2015年01期

6 樂(lè)海浪;羅國(guó)強(qiáng);;創(chuàng)傷后早期炎癥因子TNF-a、IL-1、IL-6的研究進(jìn)展[J];現(xiàn)代診斷與治療;2014年04期

7 王國(guó)霞;付晶晶;黃燕華;陳曉瑛;莫文艷;曹俊明;李林;吳春玉;;5種植物蛋白源替代魚(yú)粉對(duì)花鱸生長(zhǎng)性能和消化酶活性的影響[J];湖北農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2014年04期

8 甘瀟;張華;王雄清;;小肽轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白PepT1的研究進(jìn)展[J];綿陽(yáng)師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2013年05期

9 宋霖;蔡春芳;葉元土;王永玲;劉猛;孔麗;;四種植物蛋白對(duì)黃顙魚(yú)腸道形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響[J];淡水漁業(yè);2012年06期

10 彭翔;宋文新;周凡;肖金星;章亭洲;邵慶均;;發(fā)酵豆粕替代魚(yú)粉對(duì)黑鯛胃腸道和血清指標(biāo)的影響[J];江蘇農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào);2012年05期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前8條

1 張艷秋;利用豆粕替代花鱸飼料中魚(yú)粉的潛力及機(jī)理[D];浙江大學(xué);2014年

2 許丹丹;大菱鲆幼魚(yú)對(duì)不同蛋白源營(yíng)養(yǎng)感知與應(yīng)答機(jī)制的初步研究[D];中國(guó)海洋大學(xué);2014年

3 王一;粒細(xì)胞—巨噬細(xì)胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）和白介素（IL）-1β在慢性腸炎惡性轉(zhuǎn)化中的作用及機(jī)制研究[D];中國(guó)人民解放軍軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院;2014年

4 徐后國(guó);飼料脂肪酸對(duì)鱸魚(yú)幼魚(yú)生長(zhǎng)、健康及脂肪和脂肪酸累積的影響[D];中國(guó)海洋大學(xué);2013年

5 肖定福;殼聚糖對(duì)仔豬生長(zhǎng)、腸道屏障和免疫的影響及其機(jī)理研究[D];湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

6 亓宏偉;不同來(lái)源蛋白對(duì)斷奶仔豬腸道微生態(tài)環(huán)境及腸道健康的影響[D];四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

7 相振田;飼糧不同來(lái)源淀粉對(duì)斷奶仔豬腸道功能和健康的影響及機(jī)理研究[D];四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

8 吳莉芳;大豆蛋白源對(duì)不同食性魚(yú)類(lèi)的影響[D];吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2008年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 劉醒醒;能量和粗蛋白質(zhì)水平對(duì)肉仔雞生產(chǎn)性能、養(yǎng)分消化和相關(guān)基因表達(dá)量的影響[D];甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2016年

2 畢殿勇;參苓白術(shù)散對(duì)脾虛濕困型潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎大鼠結(jié)腸組織IL-4、IL-1β及p38MAPK基因蛋白表達(dá)的影響[D];甘肅中醫(yī)藥大學(xué);2016年

3 張霞;日糧不同營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平對(duì)絨山羊機(jī)體代謝及腸道營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)感應(yīng)的影響[D];內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

4 姚迪翡;慢性潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎小鼠腸道組織CHI3L1、IL-13、CD44表達(dá)的變化及益生菌防治對(duì)其的影響[D];浙江大學(xué);2013年

5 陳壯;鱸魚(yú)中、后期飼料蛋白質(zhì)需求量及最適蛋能比的研究[D];上海海洋大學(xué);2013年

6 湯飛飛;母豬妊娠后期和仔豬日糧添加酵母培養(yǎng)物對(duì)母豬生產(chǎn)性能、仔豬腸道健康及免疫機(jī)能的影響[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2012年

7 黃小流;低聚乳果糖對(duì)斷奶應(yīng)激大鼠腸道緊密連接及屏障功能的影響[D];南昌大學(xué);2012年

8 彭小青;Th1/Th2細(xì)胞炎性因子在大鼠潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎治療模型中的表達(dá)研究[D];中南大學(xué);2012年

9 韋振娜;凡納濱對(duì)蝦（Penaeus vannamei）對(duì)植物蛋白源的利用研究[D];廣東海洋大學(xué);2010年

10 王文娟;豆粕及其棉子糖、水蘇糖對(duì)異育銀鯽生長(zhǎng)性能、生理機(jī)能和腸道健康的影響[D];蘇州大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號(hào)：2153131