【摘要】：腸道菌群是一個(gè)受遺傳、營(yíng)養(yǎng)和環(huán)境因子影響的動(dòng)態(tài)生態(tài)系統(tǒng),復(fù)雜的腸道菌群因其對(duì)宿主生長(zhǎng)、健康等方面的影響而日益受到研究學(xué)者的關(guān)注,是宿主體內(nèi)不可缺少的“器官”之一�；狑~,是鰻鱺類中體型較大的一類,廣泛地分布在熱帶和亞熱帶的海水與淡水水系里,是一種珍貴的魚類資源,為中國(guó)國(guó)家二級(jí)保護(hù)動(dòng)物。隨著養(yǎng)殖集約化的增加和養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)的限制,花鰻鱺養(yǎng)殖水平參差不齊。在花鰻鱺養(yǎng)殖過程中,因?yàn)闋I(yíng)養(yǎng)不良和管理不當(dāng)?shù)纫蛩?會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些養(yǎng)殖時(shí)間長(zhǎng)卻生長(zhǎng)極緩慢的個(gè)體。它們通常頭大尾小,體色多呈棕黃色或黑色,被稱為僵鰻。本研究中,運(yùn)用傳統(tǒng)培養(yǎng)手段和高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)揭示不同生長(zhǎng)程度花鰻鱺腸道菌群結(jié)構(gòu),并結(jié)合飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn)初步探討花鰻鱺腸道關(guān)鍵菌群對(duì)其生長(zhǎng)的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)三組鰻鱺腸道樣品(快速生長(zhǎng)組Am-R、緩慢生長(zhǎng)組Am-S和僵滯生長(zhǎng)組Am-F)和兩組環(huán)境樣品(養(yǎng)殖水體組Am-W和飼料組Am-B),本研究結(jié)果如下:1、利用傳統(tǒng)培養(yǎng)手段分離Am-R組和Am-F組的鰻鱺腸道細(xì)菌共包括14個(gè)屬,分別為乳球菌屬、腸球菌屬、氣單胞菌屬、假單胞菌屬、腸桿菌屬、變形菌屬、克雷伯氏菌屬、沙雷氏菌屬、不動(dòng)桿菌屬、鄰單胞菌屬、檸檬酸桿菌屬、埃希氏菌屬、愛德華氏菌屬,和微桿菌屬。其中,僅在Am-R組中分離得到了乳球菌屬和腸球菌屬。2、利用高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)分析花鰻鱺樣品菌群結(jié)構(gòu),經(jīng)過濾和去冗余處理,11個(gè)樣品共獲得625,583有效讀段和36,863個(gè)可操作分類單元(OTU)。所有樣品中,Shannon指數(shù)平均值A(chǔ)m-WAm-BAm-FAm-RAm-S,Simpsom指數(shù)平均值A(chǔ)m-WAm-BAm-FAm-RAm-S,ACE和Chao指數(shù)平均值A(chǔ)m-BAm-WAm-SAm-RAm-F。其中,Am-W組菌群微生物多樣性最高,Am-B組菌群豐度最高,而在腸道樣品中Am-S組菌群多樣性最低、豐度最高。花鰻鱺腸道樣品中Am-R組和Am-S組菌群結(jié)構(gòu)相似,共有核心菌群為鯨桿菌屬、梭菌屬、乳球菌屬和擬桿菌屬。而Am-F組核心菌群為螺原體屬。Am-W組核心菌群為黃桿菌屬、新鞘氨醇菌屬和假單胞菌屬。Am-B組核心菌群為棒狀桿菌屬。此外,在快速生長(zhǎng)和僵滯生長(zhǎng)的花鰻鱺腸道中,主要差異菌群為鯨桿菌屬、梭菌屬、乳球菌屬、擬桿菌屬、愛德華氏菌屬、鄰單胞菌屬、魏斯氏菌屬、腸桿菌科和螺原體屬等。3、三組飼料添加劑均對(duì)僵鰻生長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生了促進(jìn)作用,其中以擬桿菌屬與梭菌屬添加組(BC組)促生長(zhǎng)效果最好,乳球菌屬與腸球菌屬添加組(LE組)的促生長(zhǎng)效果與甘露寡糖添加組(MO組)的促生長(zhǎng)效果沒有顯著差異。本研究結(jié)果闡明了養(yǎng)殖花鰻鱺腸道菌群基本組成,分析了影響鰻鱺生長(zhǎng)的關(guān)鍵菌群,對(duì)幾種潛在益生菌能否促進(jìn)僵鰻生長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行了初步探索,為后續(xù)關(guān)于鰻鱺保護(hù)和養(yǎng)殖的研究提供了基礎(chǔ),并豐富了腸道微生物和飼料添加劑方面的研究。
[Abstract]:Intestinal flora is a dynamic ecosystem affected by genetic, nutritional and environmental factors. It is one of the indispensable "organs" in the host. Anguilla japonica is a large species of eels, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical seawater and fresh water systems, is a precious fish resources, China's second class protected animals. With the increase of intensive culture and the restriction of culture technology, the culture level of Anguilla japonica is not uniform. During the cultivation of Anguilla japonica, some individuals who have been cultured for a long time but grow very slowly may appear because of malnutrition and improper management. They are usually large-tailed and usually brown or black, called stiff eels. In this study, traditional culture methods and high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to reveal the intestinal microflora structure of Anguilla japonica with different growth degrees, and the effects of key intestinal flora on the growth of Anguilla Anguilla japonica were preliminarily studied in combination with feeding experiments. Three groups of eel intestinal samples (Am-R-, Am-S and Am-F) and two environmental samples (Am-W and Am-B) were designed. The results are as follows: 1. Am-R was separated by traditional culture method. The intestinal bacteria of Anguilla japonica in group A and group Am-F consisted of 14 genera. They are Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Proteus, Klebsiella, Shareh, Acinetobacter, Orthomonas, Citrate, Escherichia, The genus Edward's, and the genus Microbacillus. Among them, Lactococcus and Enterococcus were isolated from Am-R group only. The microflora of Anguilla Anguilla japonica was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technique. After filtration and de-redundancy treatment, 11 samples obtained 625583 effective reading segments and 36863 operable taxonomic units (OTU). In all samples, the average value of Shannon index Am-WAm-BAm-FAm-RAm-RAm-SSimpsom index Am-WAm-BAm-FAm-RAm-Strom ACE and Chao index Am-BAm-WAm-SAm-RAm-F. Am-W group had the highest microbial diversity and Am-B group had the highest abundance, while Am-S group had the lowest diversity and highest abundance in intestinal samples. The microflora of Am-R group and Am-S group were similar in the intestinal samples of Anguilla japonica. The core flora were cetacea, Clostridium, Lactococcus and Bacteroides. However, the core flora of Am-F group was spruce. Am-W group was Flavobacterium, the new sphingosine group and pseudomonas group. Am-B group was Corynebacterium genus. In addition, in the rapid growth and stagnant growth of Anguilla japonica, the main different bacteria groups are cetacea, Clostridium, Lactococcus, Bacteroides, Edward's, Orthomonas, Weiss's. Three groups of feed additives, such as Enterobacteriaceae and spiroplasma, could promote the growth of stiff eel, especially Bacteroides and Clostridium Additives (BC group). There was no significant difference in growth promoting effect between Lactococcus group and Enterococcus group (le group) and mannose oligosaccharide supplementation group (MO group). In this study, the basic composition of the intestinal flora of cultured Anguilla japonica was clarified, the key flora affecting the growth of Anguilla Anguilla japonica was analyzed, and the effects of several potential probiotics on the growth of stiff eel were preliminarily explored. It provides a basis for further studies on the protection and breeding of Anguilla japonica, and enriches the research on intestinal microbes and feed additives.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：集美大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S917.4

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 楊敏;黎中寶;盧靜;陳強(qiáng);李文靜;黃永春;;甘露寡糖對(duì)歐洲鰻鱺(Anguilla anguilla)生長(zhǎng)、消化酶活性及非特異性免疫的影響[J];中國(guó)漁業(yè)質(zhì)量與標(biāo)準(zhǔn);2016年06期

2 邱權(quán);詹志春;周櫻;凌華云;;飼料添加劑丁酸梭菌的應(yīng)用與研究進(jìn)展[J];飼料研究;2016年11期

3 包特力根白乙;;中國(guó)鰻鱺養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展及市場(chǎng)展望[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2016年11期

4 吳小梅;林茂;鄢慶枇;江興龍;張嫻;;美洲鰻鱺及其養(yǎng)殖水體分離耐藥菌的多樣性和耐藥性分析[J];水產(chǎn)學(xué)報(bào);2015年07期

5 李存玉;徐永江;柳學(xué)周;楊洪軍;史寶;史學(xué)營(yíng);朱學(xué)武;;池塘和工廠化養(yǎng)殖牙鲆腸道菌群結(jié)構(gòu)的比較分析[J];水產(chǎn)學(xué)報(bào);2015年02期

6 李東萍;郭明璋;許文濤;;16S rRNA測(cè)序技術(shù)在腸道微生物中的應(yīng)用研究進(jìn)展[J];生物技術(shù)通報(bào);2015年02期

7 馮淑貞;張和平;;脆弱擬桿菌的研究進(jìn)展[J];微生物學(xué)通報(bào);2015年07期

8 甘煉;周李柳;李小霞;朱少軒;劉麗;潘慶;唐匯娟;但學(xué)明;;花鰻鱺成魚肌肉脂肪酸組成分析[J];水產(chǎn)科技情報(bào);2014年06期

9 于海振;李秋云;張坤;;鰻鱺的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分·養(yǎng)殖現(xiàn)狀與對(duì)策[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2014年20期

10 梁晶晶;林茂;陳智生;丁昭儀;高丹莉;邵夢(mèng)燕;;養(yǎng)殖歐洲鰻鱺不同體位及其養(yǎng)殖水體中的菌群組成研究[J];基因組學(xué)與應(yīng)用生物學(xué);2014年02期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前1條

1 王文;;蝦蟹螺原體病原學(xué)及致病機(jī)理研究[A];“全球變化下的海洋與湖沼生態(tài)安全”學(xué)術(shù)交流會(huì)論文摘要集[C];2014年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 趙龍玉;益生乳酸菌的篩選及其在食品加工上的應(yīng)用研究[D];山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

2 邢孟欣;養(yǎng)殖大菱鲆腸道微生物多樣性及功能分析[D];中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院（海洋研究所）;2013年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 唐肖峰;花鰻鱺綜合養(yǎng)殖及系統(tǒng)中添加碳源對(duì)水質(zhì)和氮磷利用的影響[D];上海海洋大學(xué);2016年

2 何明;花鰻鱺白仔鰻淡化方式、轉(zhuǎn)口餌料及幼鰻飼料中�；撬崽砑有Ч芯縖D];上海海洋大學(xué);2016年

3 方衛(wèi)東;飼料中大豆粕替代魚粉對(duì)牛蛙生長(zhǎng)性能、消化酶活力和腸道組織結(jié)構(gòu)的影響[D];集美大學(xué);2016年

4 許青蓮;嗜酸乳桿菌微生態(tài)制劑的制備與應(yīng)用性能研究[D];西華大學(xué);2015年

，

本文編號(hào)：2152632