鄂爾多斯黃土丘陵區(qū)耕地圍封后土壤性質(zhì)變化的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-25 10:30
【摘要】：黃土丘陵區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱,導(dǎo)致水土流失、土地沙化、干旱和洪澇災(zāi)害,其特殊的地理位置易風(fēng)蝕,不僅對當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟發(fā)展、生態(tài)安全、人民生活造成影響,同時也對下游廣大平原地區(qū)構(gòu)成了嚴(yán)重威脅。然而,對于生態(tài)環(huán)境的改善勢在必行,退耕還林還草是治理黃土高原水土流失的根本措施。退耕還林還草項目實施后導(dǎo)致土壤容重、土壤粘結(jié)力、土壤養(yǎng)分等土壤理化性質(zhì)發(fā)生改變,為土壤修復(fù)提供理論依據(jù),對于黃土高原水土流失綜合治理意義重大。本文通過野外調(diào)查、資料收集和采樣分析,運用地統(tǒng)計方法對黃土丘陵區(qū)土壤理化性質(zhì)的變化規(guī)律進行研究,對比研究了耕地區(qū)與圍封區(qū)(退耕區(qū))的土壤理化性質(zhì)及變化趨勢,具體分析各土壤理化性質(zhì)的差異,以土壤下墊面的改變?yōu)榍疤?總結(jié)出土壤性質(zhì)的變化規(guī)律。得出如下結(jié)論:(1)圍封區(qū)的土壤含水量比耕地區(qū)增加了0.6%,由于圍封區(qū)地表植被覆蓋好,這不僅使降雨后的徑流減少,而且土壤表面的水分蒸發(fā)也減少了,耕地恰好相反。另外還可能是因為圍封區(qū)主要為草本植物,其根系埋藏相對較深,從而對土壤下層的水分吸收較好,使得圍封區(qū)表面的土壤水分較多。(2)耕地區(qū)的土壤容重比圍封區(qū)增加了0.01g/cm3,其土壤孔隙度增加了1%。由于圍封區(qū)的植物數(shù)量較耕地區(qū)多,使得草根在土壤的穿插過程中破壞了土壤顆粒組成,土壤孔隙度增加的同時土壤容重減少了。另外,草本植物的凋落物在土壤表層集聚,容易使凋落物分解腐化,最后形成了土壤有機質(zhì),然而降低了土壤容重。其次耕地區(qū)由于受到人為活動的影響,使得耕作土壤緊實孔隙少,所以土壤容重比較高。(3)耕地區(qū)土壤有機質(zhì)含量的平均值為9.65g/kg,圍封區(qū)土壤有機質(zhì)含量的平均值為10.2g/kg,圍封區(qū)的土壤有機質(zhì)含量比耕地區(qū)高5.7%。與圍封區(qū)相比較耕地區(qū)的土壤有機質(zhì)偏低,由于在耕作土壤中有機質(zhì)缺少了物理保護,另外土壤溫度的上升也使得有機質(zhì)含量降低,耕地土壤與有機殘體的混合增加了微生物的活性,從而也增加了其分解速度。(4)耕地區(qū)土壤全氮含量的平均值為0.32g/kg,圍封區(qū)的土壤全氮含量平均值為0.29g/kg,耕地區(qū)土壤全氮含量比圍封區(qū)高10.34%�？赡芡寥廊颗c土壤類型有關(guān),樣地的土壤為栗鈣土,水土流失嚴(yán)重,使得土壤貧瘠,各樣地有機質(zhì)含量都很低,故全氮含量偏低。隨著耕地退化程度的加劇,土壤全氮含量迅速下降。(5)耕地區(qū)土壤全磷含量的平均值為0.52g/kg,圍封區(qū)土壤全磷含量的平均值為0.42g/kg,耕地區(qū)的土壤全磷含量比圍封區(qū)高23.8%。圍封區(qū)與耕種區(qū)的土壤全磷含量都是在第二層出現(xiàn)了遞減,這可能是因為植物(作物)根系在5~10cm土層對磷的吸收較好有關(guān)。(6)圍封區(qū)土壤全鉀含量的平均值為3.43g/kg,耕地區(qū)土壤全鉀含量的平均值為3.23g/kg,圍封區(qū)的土壤全鉀含量比耕地區(qū)高6.19%�？傮w來看,圍封區(qū)土壤全鉀含量呈上升趨勢,耕地區(qū)土壤全鉀含量呈遞減趨勢,這可能與有機質(zhì)分布急劇減少以及最初土壤母質(zhì)、成土作用一致有關(guān)。(7)耕地區(qū)土壤速效氮含量的平均值為0.12mg/kg,圍封區(qū)土壤速效氮含量的平均值為0.04mg/kg。耕地區(qū)的土壤速效氮含量高于圍封區(qū),這說明耕地區(qū)土壤氮素供應(yīng)潛力要好于圍封區(qū)。(8)圍封區(qū)土壤速效磷含量的平均值為10.28mg/kg,耕地區(qū)土壤速效磷含量的平均值為65.51mg/kg。由此可知,耕地區(qū)的土壤速效磷含量高于圍封區(qū),這可能與耕地區(qū)實施了磷肥有關(guān)。然而植被在土壤中生根發(fā)芽,其根系會吸收土壤中的養(yǎng)分;土壤中發(fā)生了淋溶現(xiàn)象,會使部分營養(yǎng)成分淋濕;及其土壤中的枯枝落葉,這些因素都會對土壤的速效磷含量產(chǎn)生影響。(9)耕地區(qū)土壤速效鉀含量的平均值為13.02mg/kg,圍封區(qū)土壤速效鉀含量的平均值為21.17mg/kg,圍封區(qū)的土壤速效鉀含量比耕地區(qū)高62.6%。耕地區(qū)土壤速效鉀含量偏低,因為土壤速效鉀主要以植物凋落物的分解來補給土壤中的速效鉀含量,耕地區(qū)的植被稀少,從而造成土壤速效鉀含量偏低。
[Abstract]:The ecological environment of the loess hilly area is fragile, which leads to soil erosion, land desertification, drought and flood, and its special geographical location is easy to wind erosion. It not only affects the local economic development, ecological security, people's lives, but also poses a severe threat to the lower reaches of the plain area. However, it is imperative to improve the ecological environment. Returning farmland to forest and grass is the fundamental measure to control soil erosion in the Loess Plateau. After the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forest and grass, the soil physical and chemical properties, such as soil bulk density, soil cohesive force, soil nutrient and so on, provide theoretical basis for soil remediation, which is of great significance for the comprehensive treatment of soil and water loss in the Loess Plateau. The variation of soil physical and chemical properties in the loess hilly region was studied by collecting and sampling analysis, and the soil physical and chemical properties of soil in the hilly loess hilly region were studied. The physical and chemical properties and change trends of soil in cultivated area and enclosed area were compared, and the differences of physical and chemical properties of soil were analyzed. The change of soil underlying surface was the premise, and the change of soil properties was summarized. The following conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) the soil moisture content in the enclosed area is increased by 0.6% than that in the cultivated area, because the cover of the surface vegetation in the enclosed area is good, which not only reduces the runoff after the rainfall, but also reduces the water evaporation on the soil surface, and the cultivated land is just the opposite. The soil moisture absorption of the lower soil layer is better, which makes the soil moisture in the enclosed area more soil moisture. (2) the soil bulk density of the cultivated area is increased by 0.01g/cm3, and the soil porosity increases by 1%. because the number of plants in the enclosed area is more than that in the ploughed area, which makes the grass root destroy the soil particle composition during the soil interspersing process. The soil bulk density decreased while the soil porosity increased. In addition, the litter of herbaceous plants gathered on the surface of the soil, which could easily decompose and decompose the litter, finally formed the soil organic matter, but reduced the soil bulk density. Secondly, the tillage area was affected by human activities, making the soil tight in the cultivated soil less pore, so the soil bulk density ratio was compared. (3) the average value of soil organic matter content in cultivated area is 9.65g/kg, the average value of soil organic matter content in enclosed area is 10.2g/kg. The organic matter content of soil organic matter in enclosure area is higher than that in cultivated area 5.7%. and enclosure area. The increase of organic matter reduced the content of organic matter, the mixing of soil and organic residue increased the activity of microorganism and increased its decomposition rate. (4) the average value of total nitrogen content in the cultivated area was 0.32g/kg, the average soil total nitrogen content in the enclosed area was 0.29g/kg, and the total nitrogen content in the cultivated area was 10.34%. higher than that in the enclosed area. The total nitrogen content of the soil is related to the soil type, the soil of the sample land is chestnut soil, the soil erosion is serious, the soil is poor and the content of the organic matter is very low, so the total nitrogen content is low. (5) the total nitrogen content of the soil decreases rapidly. (5) the average value of the total phosphorus content of the soil in the cultivated area is 0.52g/kg. The average phosphorus content was 0.42g/kg. The total P content of soil in the cultivated area was higher than that in the enclosure area. The total phosphorus content of the soil in the 23.8%. enclosure and the cultivated area decreased progressively in the second layer. This may be due to the better absorption of phosphorus in the roots of the plant (crop) in the 5~10cm soil layer. (6) the average value of the total potassium content in the enclosed area was 3.43g/kg. The average soil total potassium content in the area is 3.23g/kg, and the total K content in the enclosed area is higher than that of the cultivated area. The total K content of soil in the enclosed area is rising, and the total potassium content of soil in the cultivated area is decreasing, which may be related to the sharp decrease in the distribution of organic matter and the consistency of soil parent material and soil formation. (7) ploughing area. The average soil available nitrogen content was 0.12mg/kg. The average soil available nitrogen content in the enclosed area was higher than that in the enclosure area, which indicated that the soil nitrogen supply potential in the cultivated area was better than that in the enclosure area. (8) the average soil available phosphorus content in the enclosed area was 10.28mg/kg, and the available phosphorus in the cultivated area was contained in the soil. The average value of the amount is 65.51mg/kg., so the content of available P in the cultivated area is higher than that in the enclosed area, which may be related to the implementation of the phosphate fertilizer in the cultivated area. However, the roots and roots of the soil will absorb the nutrients in the soil, and the leaching phenomenon occurs in the soil, which will make some nutrients wet, and the litter in the soil. These factors will affect the content of available phosphorus in the soil. (9) the average value of soil available potassium in the cultivated area is 13.02mg/kg, the average value of soil available potassium in the enclosed area is 21.17mg/kg. The content of available K in the enclosed area is lower than that in the cultivated area, which is lower than that in the cultivated area, because the available potassium in the soil is mainly in the area of 62.6%.. The decomposition of plant litter to supply the available potassium in the soil and the sparse vegetation in the farming area resulted in a low content of available potassium in the soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S151.9
[Abstract]:The ecological environment of the loess hilly area is fragile, which leads to soil erosion, land desertification, drought and flood, and its special geographical location is easy to wind erosion. It not only affects the local economic development, ecological security, people's lives, but also poses a severe threat to the lower reaches of the plain area. However, it is imperative to improve the ecological environment. Returning farmland to forest and grass is the fundamental measure to control soil erosion in the Loess Plateau. After the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forest and grass, the soil physical and chemical properties, such as soil bulk density, soil cohesive force, soil nutrient and so on, provide theoretical basis for soil remediation, which is of great significance for the comprehensive treatment of soil and water loss in the Loess Plateau. The variation of soil physical and chemical properties in the loess hilly region was studied by collecting and sampling analysis, and the soil physical and chemical properties of soil in the hilly loess hilly region were studied. The physical and chemical properties and change trends of soil in cultivated area and enclosed area were compared, and the differences of physical and chemical properties of soil were analyzed. The change of soil underlying surface was the premise, and the change of soil properties was summarized. The following conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) the soil moisture content in the enclosed area is increased by 0.6% than that in the cultivated area, because the cover of the surface vegetation in the enclosed area is good, which not only reduces the runoff after the rainfall, but also reduces the water evaporation on the soil surface, and the cultivated land is just the opposite. The soil moisture absorption of the lower soil layer is better, which makes the soil moisture in the enclosed area more soil moisture. (2) the soil bulk density of the cultivated area is increased by 0.01g/cm3, and the soil porosity increases by 1%. because the number of plants in the enclosed area is more than that in the ploughed area, which makes the grass root destroy the soil particle composition during the soil interspersing process. The soil bulk density decreased while the soil porosity increased. In addition, the litter of herbaceous plants gathered on the surface of the soil, which could easily decompose and decompose the litter, finally formed the soil organic matter, but reduced the soil bulk density. Secondly, the tillage area was affected by human activities, making the soil tight in the cultivated soil less pore, so the soil bulk density ratio was compared. (3) the average value of soil organic matter content in cultivated area is 9.65g/kg, the average value of soil organic matter content in enclosed area is 10.2g/kg. The organic matter content of soil organic matter in enclosure area is higher than that in cultivated area 5.7%. and enclosure area. The increase of organic matter reduced the content of organic matter, the mixing of soil and organic residue increased the activity of microorganism and increased its decomposition rate. (4) the average value of total nitrogen content in the cultivated area was 0.32g/kg, the average soil total nitrogen content in the enclosed area was 0.29g/kg, and the total nitrogen content in the cultivated area was 10.34%. higher than that in the enclosed area. The total nitrogen content of the soil is related to the soil type, the soil of the sample land is chestnut soil, the soil erosion is serious, the soil is poor and the content of the organic matter is very low, so the total nitrogen content is low. (5) the total nitrogen content of the soil decreases rapidly. (5) the average value of the total phosphorus content of the soil in the cultivated area is 0.52g/kg. The average phosphorus content was 0.42g/kg. The total P content of soil in the cultivated area was higher than that in the enclosure area. The total phosphorus content of the soil in the 23.8%. enclosure and the cultivated area decreased progressively in the second layer. This may be due to the better absorption of phosphorus in the roots of the plant (crop) in the 5~10cm soil layer. (6) the average value of the total potassium content in the enclosed area was 3.43g/kg. The average soil total potassium content in the area is 3.23g/kg, and the total K content in the enclosed area is higher than that of the cultivated area. The total K content of soil in the enclosed area is rising, and the total potassium content of soil in the cultivated area is decreasing, which may be related to the sharp decrease in the distribution of organic matter and the consistency of soil parent material and soil formation. (7) ploughing area. The average soil available nitrogen content was 0.12mg/kg. The average soil available nitrogen content in the enclosed area was higher than that in the enclosure area, which indicated that the soil nitrogen supply potential in the cultivated area was better than that in the enclosure area. (8) the average soil available phosphorus content in the enclosed area was 10.28mg/kg, and the available phosphorus in the cultivated area was contained in the soil. The average value of the amount is 65.51mg/kg., so the content of available P in the cultivated area is higher than that in the enclosed area, which may be related to the implementation of the phosphate fertilizer in the cultivated area. However, the roots and roots of the soil will absorb the nutrients in the soil, and the leaching phenomenon occurs in the soil, which will make some nutrients wet, and the litter in the soil. These factors will affect the content of available phosphorus in the soil. (9) the average value of soil available potassium in the cultivated area is 13.02mg/kg, the average value of soil available potassium in the enclosed area is 21.17mg/kg. The content of available K in the enclosed area is lower than that in the cultivated area, which is lower than that in the cultivated area, because the available potassium in the soil is mainly in the area of 62.6%.. The decomposition of plant litter to supply the available potassium in the soil and the sparse vegetation in the farming area resulted in a low content of available potassium in the soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S151.9
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