濕地松材性測定技術研究與多性狀聯(lián)合選擇
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-25 19:14
【摘要】：濕地松(Pinus elliottii)原產于美國東南部,是世界性工業(yè)用材林的主要造林樹種。經過數十年育種工作,濕地松生長性狀獲得較大的改良。然而由于取樣測定難等因素,材性性狀尤其是涉及到破壞性取樣的彈性模量等力學性狀的改良工作則被人為忽視,這也是造成濕地松在極端氣候條件下彎折或倒伏風險較高的重要原因之一,影響了該樹種在我國的健康持續(xù)發(fā)展。因此,本研究論文構建了濕地松材性無損評估技術體系,并以此為基礎開展了濕地松主要經濟性狀遺傳變異分析以及遺傳力估算與樣本量的關系的研究,進而通過建立理想的指數選擇模型實現(xiàn)了濕地松生長和材性性狀的綜合改良,為速生優(yōu)質濕地松人工林建設提供了種質基礎。主要結果如下:(1)木材基本密度ρ與Pilodyn測定值Pr呈顯著負相關關系,其回歸方程ρ=0.6557-0.0778Pr,1/Pr可以作為木材基本密度的一個有效衡量指標,對同一測定群體內單株或家系的基本密度進行間接測定。彈性模量測定值MOE與彈性模量(計算值)MOEρ(MOEρ=ρV2)之間存在著極顯著的線性相關關系,在遺傳選擇時MOEρ完全可以代表彈性模量測定值進行評估與選育。彈性模量相對值MOEP(MOEP=1/Pr×V2)與彈性模量MOEρ之間呈現(xiàn)極顯著的高度正相關關系,回歸模型MOEρ=0.2108+0.9431MOEP,可直接利用MOEP作為各樣木的彈性模量值參與遺傳分析。彈性模量MOEρ與波速V之間的線性回歸模型MOEρ=-5.1218+3.2394V,在比較同一測定群體彈性模量值相對大小時也可直接比較V值。(2)木材基本密度和彈性模量受中等程度的遺傳控制,其遺傳力(0.3050±0.0792、0.2920±0.0783)明顯高于生長性狀(0.0625~0.2160)。通過一定的選擇強度,材積、木材基本密度和彈性模量能獲得較大增益,具有良好的選擇效果。彈性模量和木材基本密度具有中等程度的顯著正相關關系。材性和生長性狀之間遺傳相關不顯著,僅存在著顯著的表型相關,在現(xiàn)實生產中能夠實現(xiàn)兩類性狀同步改良。(3)小樣本量下的遺傳力及其標準誤估算值是不穩(wěn)定的,隨樣本容量或家系容量的增加其精度與準確性逐漸增加,在遺傳力估計時應采用較大的樣本與盡可能多的家系數,以保證其估計的精度及準確性。遺傳力較低的性狀其遺傳力估計所需臨界樣本量普遍大于遺傳力較高的性狀,在估測遺傳參數時應該相應地增加樣本量。對于本研究的測定群體而言,要獲得精確度較高的遺傳力估算值,所需測定的濕地松家系數應該大于39個,同時隨機測量的單株數也應大于600株。(4)單性狀選擇法能使選擇性狀得到最大程度的改良,當以生長性狀或材性性狀其中之一進行直接選擇時,另一類性狀的增益將會受到抑制,即此方法不適合以生長和材性性狀同步改良為育種目標的優(yōu)良材料選育工作。獨立挑選法能夠使得每個性狀同時獲得較為理想的改良,在缺少有效遺傳參數的情況下,該方法是實現(xiàn)多性狀聯(lián)合選擇的有效方法之一。以等權重法估算目標性狀經濟權重,當10倍強調材性性狀時建立的選擇指數能夠保證生長性狀與材性性狀能夠同時得到較高的遺傳進展,是一種較為理想的選擇指數。利用指數選擇法綜合選擇出來的10個優(yōu)良家系分別是:Fam_11-98、Fam_4-87、Fam_B8-16、Fam_0-247、Fam_0-933、Fam_A4-10、Fam_A4-23、Fam_A2-9、Fam_A4-19、Fam_4-39(排名不分先后),其中前五個家系也包含在以獨立挑選法選擇出的10個家系中,為生長和材性性狀表現(xiàn)皆優(yōu)的家系,最后4個家系則偏重于生長性狀,材性表現(xiàn)一般。
[Abstract]:Pinus elliottii is native to the southeastern United States and is the Main Forestation Tree in the world's industrial timber forests. After decades of breeding, the growth traits of Pinus elliottii have been greatly improved. However, the improvement of mechanical properties, especially the elastic modulus of destructive sampling, has been made due to the difficulty of sampling. It is one of the important reasons for the high risk of flexure or lodging in the extreme climate, which affects the healthy and sustained development of the tree species in our country. Therefore, this paper constructs a nondestructive evaluation system for the pine wood properties of the wetland, and based on this, the genetic change of the main economic characters of the Pinus elliottii is carried out. The study of the relationship between the difference analysis and the estimation of the heritability and the sample size, and then through the establishment of an ideal index selection model to achieve a comprehensive improvement of the growth and wood properties of Pinus elliottii, provides a Germplasm Basis for the construction of the fast-growing and high-quality Pinus elliottii plantation. The main results are as follows: (1) the basic density of wood is significantly negative to the Pilodyn value Pr. The correlation relation, the regression equation Rho =0.6557-0.0778Pr, 1/Pr can be used as an effective measure of the basic density of wood, and indirectly determine the basic density of single plant or family in the same determination group. There is a very significant linear correlation between the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the modulus of elasticity (the calculated value) MOE rho (MOE P = P V2). MOE Rho in genetic selection can be evaluated and bred on behalf of the modulus of elasticity. The relative value of modulus of elasticity MOEP (MOEP=1/Pr x V2) has a very significant positive correlation between the modulus of elasticity and modulus of elasticity MOE rho. The regression model, MOE P =0.2108+0.9431MOEP, can directly use MOEP as the elastic modulus value of all kinds of wood to participate in genetic analysis. The linear regression model between the modulus of sexual modulus MOE Rho and the wave velocity V MOE Rho =-5.1218+3.2394V can also be directly compared to the V value when the modulus of elasticity of the same group is relatively large. (2) the basic density and modulus of wood are controlled by a moderate degree of genetic control, and the heritability (0.3050 + 0.0792,0.2920 + 0.0783) is significantly higher than that of the growth traits (0.0625~0.21 60). Through certain selection intensity, volume, wood basic density and modulus of elasticity, it can gain greater gain and have good selection effect. The modulus of elasticity and wood basic density have a significant positive correlation. There is no significant genetic correlation between timber and growth traits, only significant phenotypic correlation exists in real production. The two types of characters can be improved synchronously. (3) the heritability and the standard error estimates under the small sample size are unstable. With the increase of the sample size or the family capacity, the accuracy and accuracy of the heritability increase gradually. In the heritability estimation, the larger samples and the possible number of family coefficients should be used to ensure the accuracy and accuracy of the estimation. The critical sample size for heritability estimation is generally larger than that of high heritability, and the sample size should be increased correspondingly when estimating genetic parameters. For the test population of this study, to obtain higher accuracy of heritability, the coefficient of Slash Pine needs to be measured more than 39, at the same time The number of single plants should also be greater than 600. (4) the single sex selection method can improve the selection character to the maximum extent. When one of the growth traits or material properties is selected directly, the gain of another type of character will be inhibited. This method is not suitable for the good material of breeding target with the growth and material properties. The independent selection method can make each trait better improved at the same time. Under the absence of effective genetic parameters, this method is one of the effective methods to realize the joint selection of multiple characters. The weight method is used to estimate the economic weight of the target characters, and the selection index can be guaranteed when the 10 times the material character is emphasized. Fam_11-98, Fam_4-87, Fam_B8-16, Fam_0-247, Fam_0-933, Fam_A4-10, Fam_A4-23, Fam_A2-9, Fam_A4-19, Fam_4-39 (ranking no successively), the top five of the 10 families selected by the index selection method are the ideal selection index. The family was also included in the 10 families selected by the independent selection method, the family with excellent growth and wood properties, and the last 4 families in preference to growth traits.
【學位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學研究院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S781;S791.246
本文編號：2144808
[Abstract]:Pinus elliottii is native to the southeastern United States and is the Main Forestation Tree in the world's industrial timber forests. After decades of breeding, the growth traits of Pinus elliottii have been greatly improved. However, the improvement of mechanical properties, especially the elastic modulus of destructive sampling, has been made due to the difficulty of sampling. It is one of the important reasons for the high risk of flexure or lodging in the extreme climate, which affects the healthy and sustained development of the tree species in our country. Therefore, this paper constructs a nondestructive evaluation system for the pine wood properties of the wetland, and based on this, the genetic change of the main economic characters of the Pinus elliottii is carried out. The study of the relationship between the difference analysis and the estimation of the heritability and the sample size, and then through the establishment of an ideal index selection model to achieve a comprehensive improvement of the growth and wood properties of Pinus elliottii, provides a Germplasm Basis for the construction of the fast-growing and high-quality Pinus elliottii plantation. The main results are as follows: (1) the basic density of wood is significantly negative to the Pilodyn value Pr. The correlation relation, the regression equation Rho =0.6557-0.0778Pr, 1/Pr can be used as an effective measure of the basic density of wood, and indirectly determine the basic density of single plant or family in the same determination group. There is a very significant linear correlation between the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the modulus of elasticity (the calculated value) MOE rho (MOE P = P V2). MOE Rho in genetic selection can be evaluated and bred on behalf of the modulus of elasticity. The relative value of modulus of elasticity MOEP (MOEP=1/Pr x V2) has a very significant positive correlation between the modulus of elasticity and modulus of elasticity MOE rho. The regression model, MOE P =0.2108+0.9431MOEP, can directly use MOEP as the elastic modulus value of all kinds of wood to participate in genetic analysis. The linear regression model between the modulus of sexual modulus MOE Rho and the wave velocity V MOE Rho =-5.1218+3.2394V can also be directly compared to the V value when the modulus of elasticity of the same group is relatively large. (2) the basic density and modulus of wood are controlled by a moderate degree of genetic control, and the heritability (0.3050 + 0.0792,0.2920 + 0.0783) is significantly higher than that of the growth traits (0.0625~0.21 60). Through certain selection intensity, volume, wood basic density and modulus of elasticity, it can gain greater gain and have good selection effect. The modulus of elasticity and wood basic density have a significant positive correlation. There is no significant genetic correlation between timber and growth traits, only significant phenotypic correlation exists in real production. The two types of characters can be improved synchronously. (3) the heritability and the standard error estimates under the small sample size are unstable. With the increase of the sample size or the family capacity, the accuracy and accuracy of the heritability increase gradually. In the heritability estimation, the larger samples and the possible number of family coefficients should be used to ensure the accuracy and accuracy of the estimation. The critical sample size for heritability estimation is generally larger than that of high heritability, and the sample size should be increased correspondingly when estimating genetic parameters. For the test population of this study, to obtain higher accuracy of heritability, the coefficient of Slash Pine needs to be measured more than 39, at the same time The number of single plants should also be greater than 600. (4) the single sex selection method can improve the selection character to the maximum extent. When one of the growth traits or material properties is selected directly, the gain of another type of character will be inhibited. This method is not suitable for the good material of breeding target with the growth and material properties. The independent selection method can make each trait better improved at the same time. Under the absence of effective genetic parameters, this method is one of the effective methods to realize the joint selection of multiple characters. The weight method is used to estimate the economic weight of the target characters, and the selection index can be guaranteed when the 10 times the material character is emphasized. Fam_11-98, Fam_4-87, Fam_B8-16, Fam_0-247, Fam_0-933, Fam_A4-10, Fam_A4-23, Fam_A2-9, Fam_A4-19, Fam_4-39 (ranking no successively), the top five of the 10 families selected by the index selection method are the ideal selection index. The family was also included in the 10 families selected by the independent selection method, the family with excellent growth and wood properties, and the last 4 families in preference to growth traits.
【學位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學研究院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S781;S791.246
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