【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)是我國(guó)立國(guó)之本,目前我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化程度依然落后于發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉機(jī)械化仍然有很大發(fā)展?jié)摿涂臻g。現(xiàn)階段我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉仍以地面灌溉為主,規(guī)�；鳂I(yè)水平較低。噴灌屬于我國(guó)最早引進(jìn)的先進(jìn)灌溉方式,至今已在我國(guó)大部分農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)區(qū)經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)踐試驗(yàn),未來(lái)噴灌將成為我國(guó)最主要的農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉方式之一。卷盤式噴灌機(jī)作為最主要的噴灌裝備,結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單緊湊,移動(dòng)便捷,可操作性強(qiáng),人均工作量小等優(yōu)點(diǎn),自發(fā)明開(kāi)始,就一直備受國(guó)內(nèi)外青睞。我國(guó)引進(jìn)卷盤式噴灌機(jī)以來(lái),經(jīng)過(guò)自主研究與開(kāi)發(fā),現(xiàn)已實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)產(chǎn)化,并形成了一定生產(chǎn)規(guī)模,不僅滿足國(guó)內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)需要,而且開(kāi)始出口,面向國(guó)際。我國(guó)卷盤式噴灌機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)研發(fā)目前僅基于國(guó)外上世紀(jì)的舊機(jī)型,國(guó)內(nèi)針對(duì)性的研究較少,因此,與國(guó)外先進(jìn)機(jī)型相比,仍有較大差距,在動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)部件——水渦輪的差距更加突出。國(guó)內(nèi)外針對(duì)水渦輪的研究幾乎空白,國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)也沿用國(guó)外舊型號(hào)水渦輪,不僅影響整機(jī)運(yùn)行,同時(shí)也易因?yàn)榻M件之間不匹配造成不必要的損失。本文針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題,在江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目BE2012385“低能耗自動(dòng)卷盤式智能農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉裝備研究與開(kāi)發(fā)”的資助下,基于試驗(yàn)研究、數(shù)值計(jì)算和理論分析,對(duì)JP75型卷盤式噴灌機(jī)專用斜擊式水渦輪的水力性能展開(kāi)了內(nèi)部流動(dòng)分析與優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。本文的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新研究有:1.利用水渦輪試驗(yàn)臺(tái)對(duì)JP75型斜擊式水渦輪開(kāi)展水力性能試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)表明,水渦輪整體工作效率較低,最高效率僅為13.79%,其工作流量區(qū)極為有限。2.利用多重坐標(biāo)系(MRF)方法對(duì)水渦輪展開(kāi)穩(wěn)態(tài)數(shù)值計(jì)算。為了選擇合適的網(wǎng)格模型和湍流模型,對(duì)比了Realizableκ-ε模型和SSTκ-ω模型、四面體網(wǎng)格和多面體網(wǎng)格總共四種組合,最終確定了SSTκ-ω模型與多面體網(wǎng)格的計(jì)算設(shè)置,使數(shù)值計(jì)算與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的誤差相對(duì)較小,計(jì)算效率較高。3.針對(duì)JP75型斜擊式水渦輪工作效率低,工作區(qū)間小的問(wèn)題,對(duì)其不同轉(zhuǎn)速、流量下的內(nèi)流開(kāi)展分析,并量化分析了水渦輪主要能量交換部件的能量交換效率。通過(guò)對(duì)壓力、速度分布不均勻,梯度較大區(qū)域進(jìn)行能量轉(zhuǎn)換率計(jì)算發(fā)現(xiàn),進(jìn)口管道和轉(zhuǎn)輪,兩個(gè)過(guò)流部件的能量轉(zhuǎn)換率較低,其中進(jìn)口管道的能量轉(zhuǎn)換率僅為26.31%,轉(zhuǎn)輪的能量轉(zhuǎn)換率僅為45.44%。4.基于正交試驗(yàn)方法,參考斜擊式水輪機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)理論對(duì)水渦輪的主要幾何參數(shù)進(jìn)行了七因素三水平正交試驗(yàn),并對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了相關(guān)系數(shù)分析和主成分分析,最終確定了主要影響因素和最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合,驗(yàn)證了優(yōu)化模型不僅在設(shè)計(jì)工況下轉(zhuǎn)速有了極大提升,同時(shí)也獲得了更為寬泛的工作轉(zhuǎn)速、流量區(qū)間。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the foundation of our country. At present, the degree of agricultural mechanization still lags behind that of developed countries, and agricultural irrigation mechanization still has great development potential and space. At present, surface irrigation is still the main agricultural irrigation in our country, and the level of scale operation is low. Sprinkler irrigation is one of the earliest advanced irrigation methods introduced in our country. It has been tested in most of the crop producing areas in China. In the future, sprinkler irrigation will become one of the most important agricultural irrigation methods in our country. As the main sprinkler irrigation equipment, the coil irrigation machine has the advantages of simple and compact structure, convenient movement, strong maneuverability and low per capita workload. Since its invention, it has been favored at home and abroad. Since the introduction of coiled disk sprinkler irrigation machine in China, through independent research and development, it has been made domestically and has formed a certain scale of production, which not only meets the needs of domestic agricultural production, but also begins to export and faces the international market. At present, the design and development of the coiling and disc sprinkler irrigation machine in our country is based on the old models of the last century abroad, and there is less targeted research in China. Therefore, compared with the advanced models abroad, there is still a big gap. The gap in power-driven components-water turbines is even more pronounced. The research on water turbine at home and abroad is almost blank, and domestic production enterprises also use the old water turbine of foreign countries, which not only affects the operation of the whole machine, but also easily causes unnecessary losses because of the mismatch between components. In order to solve the above problems, based on experimental research, numerical calculation and theoretical analysis, this paper is supported by BE2012385 "Research and Development of Intelligent Irrigation equipment with low Energy consumption, automatic Coil and Disc Type", which is supported by Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology support Project. The internal flow analysis and optimization design of the hydraulic performance of the special oblique water turbine for JP75 type coil and disk sprinkler irrigation machine are carried out. The main innovation research in this paper is: 1. Hydraulic performance test of JP75 type oblique hammer water turbine was carried out by using water turbine test rig. The experimental results show that the overall efficiency of water turbine is low, the highest efficiency is only 13.79, and the working flow area is very limited. The steady-state numerical calculation of water turbine is carried out by using the (MRF) method of multiple coordinate systems. In order to select suitable mesh model and turbulence model, four combinations of Realizable 魏-蔚 model and SST 魏-蠅 model, tetrahedron mesh and polyhedron mesh are compared. Finally, the computational settings of SST 魏-蠅 model and polyhedron mesh are determined. The error between the numerical calculation and the test results is relatively small, and the calculation efficiency is higher. 3. Aiming at the problem of low working efficiency and small working range of JP75 type oblique stroke water turbine, the inner flow under different rotational speed and flow rate is analyzed, and the energy exchange efficiency of main energy exchange components of water turbine is analyzed quantificationally. By calculating the energy conversion rate of the inlet pipeline and the runner, the energy conversion rate of the two flow passing parts is lower, through the calculation of the energy conversion rate of the pressure and velocity distribution is uneven and the gradient is large. The energy conversion rate of the inlet pipeline is only 26.31 and the energy conversion rate of the runner is only 45.44. 4. Based on the orthogonal test method, the main geometric parameters of water turbine are tested by seven factors and three levels, and the correlation coefficient and principal component analysis of the test results are analyzed according to the design theory of oblique hammer turbine. Finally, the main influencing factors and the optimal parameter combination are determined, and it is verified that the optimized model not only has a great increase in speed under the design condition, but also obtains a wider range of working speed and flow rate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S277.94

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本文編號(hào)：2141424