播期、氮肥和密度對油菜冠層結(jié)構(gòu)特性及群體生長發(fā)育的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-24 10:46
【摘要】：本試驗(yàn)以華油雜9號和華油雜62為試驗(yàn)材料,設(shè)置不同播期(B1和B2)、氮肥(N0、N6、N12、N18、N24和N30)、密度(D1、D2、D3、D4、D5)處理,通過研究油菜不同群體發(fā)育及冠層結(jié)構(gòu)變化特征,探討不同栽培措施其對油菜群體光合生產(chǎn)效率和籽粒產(chǎn)量的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:1.隨著播期的推遲和密度的增加油菜個(gè)體發(fā)育能力減弱,隨著施氮量的增加可以使油菜個(gè)體生長發(fā)育能力加強(qiáng)。2.油菜光合面積指數(shù)(CAI)隨生育進(jìn)程呈單峰曲線變化,在盛花期時(shí)光合面積指數(shù)達(dá)到最大值。隨播期提前、密度和氮肥增加光合面積指數(shù)表現(xiàn)增大的趨勢。二年的數(shù)據(jù)表明,光合面積指數(shù)的最大值,10月1號播種比10月30日播種增加1左右;在同一氮肥處理?xiàng)l件下,不同密度間光合面積指數(shù)最大值的變化范圍為4-5.9;在同一密度處理?xiàng)l件下,不同氮肥間光合面積指數(shù)最大值的變化范圍為0.7-6.14。初花期分層測定的數(shù)據(jù)表明,在20 cm-50 cm層次的CAI的值差異最大,說明不同播期、氮肥和密度處理影響的主要是油菜群體中下部冠層CAI,進(jìn)而影響油菜生長發(fā)育。3.油菜從苗期開始,油菜的光合有效輻射截獲率(RI)不斷上升,在苗后期由于冬季降溫的影響導(dǎo)致RI略有下降,在盛花期時(shí)達(dá)到了最大值,之后到達(dá)角果成熟期時(shí)又逐漸下降。增加氮肥以及提高密度能夠顯著提高油菜群體冠層的RI。對不同冠層高度進(jìn)行分層測定,表明RI隨冠層高度的增加呈現(xiàn)遞減的趨勢。隨著種植密度和氮肥施用量的增加,在相同高度冠層內(nèi)的RI呈上升趨勢;而隨著播期的推遲,在相同高度冠層內(nèi)的RI呈下降趨勢。4.隨著氮肥的提升,早播條件下,隨著氮肥的提升,結(jié)角層厚度呈遞增趨勢,每增加6 kg/667 m2,結(jié)角層厚度上升14 cm左右。晚播條件下,在N0~N18水平,結(jié)角層厚度呈遞增趨勢,每增加6 kg/667 m2,結(jié)角層厚度上升12 cm左右,但是隨著氮肥的進(jìn)一步提升,油菜群體的結(jié)角層厚度增加趨勢減緩,從N18增加到N24和N30,其結(jié)角層厚度只增加了0.3 cm和3.3 cm。5.油菜籽粒產(chǎn)量均隨著播期推遲而降低,隨氮肥增加而升高,隨密度增加呈先升后降趨勢。油菜種植密度在1-5萬株/667 m2的范圍內(nèi),早播條件下,隨著密度的增加,油菜產(chǎn)量呈先上升而后下降的趨勢,N18處理,1-3萬株/667 m2密度內(nèi),每增加1萬株/667 m2,D2和D3相對于D1處理的產(chǎn)量增加13.4%和17.4%,3-5萬株/667 m2密度內(nèi),每增加1萬株/667 m2,D4和D5相對于D3處理的產(chǎn)量減少3.9%和7.9%。6.綜合分析比較表明,要獲得3000kg/ha的高產(chǎn),油菜群體的冠層結(jié)構(gòu)指標(biāo)需要滿足:每平方米的結(jié)角密度9000個(gè)左右,分枝數(shù)達(dá)到250~300個(gè),且結(jié)角層厚度達(dá)到85~90 cm左右,生物量1600 g/m2~1700 g/m2,整個(gè)油菜生長發(fā)育期的平均光合面積指數(shù)應(yīng)達(dá)到3~3.5,平均光能有效截獲率達(dá)到90%以上,最大光合面積指數(shù)為5~6,并且,早播條件下最大葉面積指數(shù)與最大角果皮面積指數(shù)的比值接近于1.8,晚播條件下最大葉面積指數(shù)與最大角果皮面積指數(shù)的比值接近于1.1。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, Huayuza 9 and Huayuza 62 were treated with different sowing dates (B1 and B2), nitrogen fertilizer (N0N6N12N18N24 and N30), density (D1D2D3D3D4D5). The effects of different cultivation measures on photosynthetic efficiency and grain yield of rape were studied. The results of the study show that 1: 1. With the delay of sowing date and the increase of density, the individual development ability of rapeseed decreased, and the individual growth and development ability of rape increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The photosynthetic area index (CAI) of Brassica napus showed a single peak curve with the growth process, and reached the maximum at the flowering stage. With the advance of sowing date, the density and nitrogen fertilizer increased the photosynthetic area index increased. The data of two years showed that the maximum photosynthetic area index was increased by about 1 when sowing on October 1 was compared with that on October 30, and under the same nitrogen fertilizer treatment, The range of the maximum photosynthetic area index between different densities was 4-5.9, and that between different nitrogen fertilizers was 0.7-6.14 under the same density treatment. The data of stratified determination of early flowering stage showed that the difference of CAI value at 20 cm-50 cm level was the largest, which indicated that nitrogen fertilizer and density treatment mainly affected the middle and lower canopy CAI of rape population at different sowing date, and then affected the growth and development of rape. 3. The interception rate of photosynthetic effective radiation (RI) of rapeseed increased continuously from seedling stage, and RI decreased slightly at late seedling stage due to the effect of cooling in winter, reached its maximum value at peak flowering stage, and then decreased gradually at pod ripening stage. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer and increasing density could significantly increase the canopy RII. of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) The stratification measurement of different canopy heights shows that RI decreases with the increase of canopy height. With the increase of planting density and nitrogen application rate, RI increased in the canopy at the same height, but decreased in the canopy at the same height with the delay of sowing date. With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer and early sowing condition, the thickness of corner layer increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer. For each increase of 6 kg/667 m2, the thickness of corner layer increased about 14 cm. Under the condition of late sowing, the thickness of corner layer increased gradually at N0~N18 level. With the increase of 6 kg/667 m ~ 2, the thickness of corner layer increased about 12 cm, but with the further improvement of nitrogen fertilizer, the increasing trend of corner layer thickness of rapeseed population slowed down. From N18 to N24 and N30, the thickness of corner layer increases only 0.3 cm and 3.3 cm 路5. The grain yield of rapeseed decreased with the delay of sowing date, increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer, and increased first and then decreased with the increase of density. The planting density of rapeseed was in the range of 1 to 50 000 plants / 667 m2. Under the condition of early sowing, with the increase of density, the rape yield increased first and then decreased. The density of rape under N18 treatment was within the density of 1-3 million plants / 667 m2. The yield of D _ 2 and D _ 3 increased by 13.4% and 17.4 million plants / r ~ (667) m ~ (2) per 10 000 plants / r ~ (2) and D _ (3), respectively, and the yield of D _ (4) and D _ (5) decreased by 3.9% and 7.9% respectively compared with that of D _ (3) treatment per 10 000 plants / r _ (667) m ~ (2) D _ (2) and D _ (3) treatments. The comprehensive analysis and comparison showed that in order to obtain high yield of 3000kg/ha, the canopy structure index of rapeseed population should be satisfied: the density of knot angle per square meter is about 9,000, the number of branches is 250 ~ 300, and the thickness of corner layer is about 85 ~ 90cm. With biomass of 1600 g/m2~1700 / m ~ (2), the average photosynthetic area index (PIAI) of the whole growth and development period of rapeseed should be 3 ~ 3. 5%, the average effective interception rate of light energy is more than 90%, and the maximum photosynthetic area index is 5 ~ (6). The ratio of the maximum leaf area index to the largest hornpetal area index was close to 1.8 under early sowing, and the ratio of maximum leaf area index to maximum Cortex area index was close to 1.1 under late sowing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S565.4
本文編號：2141126
[Abstract]:In this experiment, Huayuza 9 and Huayuza 62 were treated with different sowing dates (B1 and B2), nitrogen fertilizer (N0N6N12N18N24 and N30), density (D1D2D3D3D4D5). The effects of different cultivation measures on photosynthetic efficiency and grain yield of rape were studied. The results of the study show that 1: 1. With the delay of sowing date and the increase of density, the individual development ability of rapeseed decreased, and the individual growth and development ability of rape increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The photosynthetic area index (CAI) of Brassica napus showed a single peak curve with the growth process, and reached the maximum at the flowering stage. With the advance of sowing date, the density and nitrogen fertilizer increased the photosynthetic area index increased. The data of two years showed that the maximum photosynthetic area index was increased by about 1 when sowing on October 1 was compared with that on October 30, and under the same nitrogen fertilizer treatment, The range of the maximum photosynthetic area index between different densities was 4-5.9, and that between different nitrogen fertilizers was 0.7-6.14 under the same density treatment. The data of stratified determination of early flowering stage showed that the difference of CAI value at 20 cm-50 cm level was the largest, which indicated that nitrogen fertilizer and density treatment mainly affected the middle and lower canopy CAI of rape population at different sowing date, and then affected the growth and development of rape. 3. The interception rate of photosynthetic effective radiation (RI) of rapeseed increased continuously from seedling stage, and RI decreased slightly at late seedling stage due to the effect of cooling in winter, reached its maximum value at peak flowering stage, and then decreased gradually at pod ripening stage. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer and increasing density could significantly increase the canopy RII. of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) The stratification measurement of different canopy heights shows that RI decreases with the increase of canopy height. With the increase of planting density and nitrogen application rate, RI increased in the canopy at the same height, but decreased in the canopy at the same height with the delay of sowing date. With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer and early sowing condition, the thickness of corner layer increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer. For each increase of 6 kg/667 m2, the thickness of corner layer increased about 14 cm. Under the condition of late sowing, the thickness of corner layer increased gradually at N0~N18 level. With the increase of 6 kg/667 m ~ 2, the thickness of corner layer increased about 12 cm, but with the further improvement of nitrogen fertilizer, the increasing trend of corner layer thickness of rapeseed population slowed down. From N18 to N24 and N30, the thickness of corner layer increases only 0.3 cm and 3.3 cm 路5. The grain yield of rapeseed decreased with the delay of sowing date, increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer, and increased first and then decreased with the increase of density. The planting density of rapeseed was in the range of 1 to 50 000 plants / 667 m2. Under the condition of early sowing, with the increase of density, the rape yield increased first and then decreased. The density of rape under N18 treatment was within the density of 1-3 million plants / 667 m2. The yield of D _ 2 and D _ 3 increased by 13.4% and 17.4 million plants / r ~ (667) m ~ (2) per 10 000 plants / r ~ (2) and D _ (3), respectively, and the yield of D _ (4) and D _ (5) decreased by 3.9% and 7.9% respectively compared with that of D _ (3) treatment per 10 000 plants / r _ (667) m ~ (2) D _ (2) and D _ (3) treatments. The comprehensive analysis and comparison showed that in order to obtain high yield of 3000kg/ha, the canopy structure index of rapeseed population should be satisfied: the density of knot angle per square meter is about 9,000, the number of branches is 250 ~ 300, and the thickness of corner layer is about 85 ~ 90cm. With biomass of 1600 g/m2~1700 / m ~ (2), the average photosynthetic area index (PIAI) of the whole growth and development period of rapeseed should be 3 ~ 3. 5%, the average effective interception rate of light energy is more than 90%, and the maximum photosynthetic area index is 5 ~ (6). The ratio of the maximum leaf area index to the largest hornpetal area index was close to 1.8 under early sowing, and the ratio of maximum leaf area index to maximum Cortex area index was close to 1.1 under late sowing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S565.4
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