【摘要】：為探討拮抗微生物間的相互作用關(guān)系及其對(duì)煙草農(nóng)藝性狀與根圍微生物的影響,試驗(yàn)在前人研究基礎(chǔ)上,以洛陽(yáng)煙田原位土壤中分離的16株對(duì)煙草常見土傳病原真菌有良好抑制作用的拮抗真菌、細(xì)菌和放線菌為對(duì)象,通過改良的平板對(duì)峙培養(yǎng)法,測(cè)定其相互作用關(guān)系,確定相對(duì)親和的拮抗菌株;通過二次發(fā)酵培養(yǎng)將拮抗菌株復(fù)合菌群與有機(jī)輔料結(jié)合,制備成微生態(tài)制劑;在洛寧縣煙田設(shè)置不同處理,研究該微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)煙草不同生育期農(nóng)藝性狀及其根圍土壤微生物的影響,結(jié)果如下。(1)拮抗菌株之間的相互抑制率測(cè)定結(jié)果表明,多數(shù)拮抗微生物之間存在相互抑制作用,其相互作用關(guān)系主要表現(xiàn)在空間位點(diǎn)和營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、產(chǎn)生抗生類物質(zhì)影響氣生菌絲和基內(nèi)菌絲的生長(zhǎng)等;試驗(yàn)篩選出相對(duì)親和的拮抗真菌、細(xì)菌與放線菌各3株。(2)拮抗真菌T1、T2與T3相互抑制率均在50%以下,表現(xiàn)為營(yíng)養(yǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng),可以協(xié)調(diào)生長(zhǎng);與拮抗放線菌S2、S4、S7和拮抗細(xì)菌B1、B2、B3分別對(duì)峙培養(yǎng)時(shí),相互抑制作用較小。拮抗細(xì)菌B1、B2與B3之間互作表現(xiàn)為基本親和,可以協(xié)調(diào)生長(zhǎng);與拮抗放線菌S2、S4、S7分別對(duì)峙培養(yǎng)時(shí),拮抗放線菌均能正常生長(zhǎng),對(duì)拮抗細(xì)菌抑制作用很強(qiáng)。拮抗放線菌S2、S4與S7之間相互抑制作用較小,可以協(xié)調(diào)生長(zhǎng)。(3)拮抗微生物二次發(fā)酵制成的微生態(tài)制劑初級(jí)產(chǎn)品(復(fù)合生物有機(jī)肥)物理性狀良好,顯微檢測(cè)拮抗微生物能夠在其上成功定殖。(4)煙草田間農(nóng)藝性狀測(cè)定結(jié)果表明,增施有機(jī)肥與微生態(tài)制劑均能有效增加株高和莖圍,擴(kuò)大葉片數(shù)和葉面積。(5)增施有機(jī)肥與微生態(tài)制劑均能增加煙草采收期根圍土壤可培養(yǎng)的微生物菌落數(shù)量,與對(duì)照相比其真菌數(shù)量分別增加了379.12%和78.06%;細(xì)菌數(shù)量分別增加了16.45%和5.21%;放線菌數(shù)量分別增加了9.37%和5.14%。使用微生態(tài)制劑的處理根圍土壤真菌數(shù)量的增加幅度顯著低于使用有機(jī)肥的處理。(6)增施有機(jī)肥的處理,其根圍土壤微生物的物種豐富度與群落多樣性最高,其次為增施微生態(tài)制劑的處理,對(duì)照最低。增施有機(jī)肥與微生態(tài)制劑的兩個(gè)處理的土壤樣本相似度高,且兩個(gè)土壤樣本中的鏈霉菌和芽孢桿菌相對(duì)含量高于對(duì)照。試驗(yàn)通過室內(nèi)篩選與田間調(diào)查相結(jié)合,明確了多種拮抗微生物之間的相互作用關(guān)系,研制開發(fā)了復(fù)合微生態(tài)制劑的初級(jí)產(chǎn)品,探討了該產(chǎn)品對(duì)煙草不同生育期農(nóng)藝性狀及其根圍土壤微生物的影響,為進(jìn)一步利用多種拮抗微生物協(xié)同防治煙草土傳真菌病害奠定了一定的理論與實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:On the basis of previous studies, 16 strains of antagonistic fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes, isolated from the common soil borne pathogenic fungi of tobacco, were studied on the basis of previous studies to investigate the interaction relationship between antagonistic microorganisms and their effects on tobacco agronomic traits and rhizosphere microbes. The improved plate was used by the 16 strains of antagonistic fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes, which were isolated from the in situ soil of tobacco field in the tobacco field. The antagonistic strain was determined by the confrontation culture method, and the antagonistic antagonistic strain was determined. The microecological preparation was prepared by combining the antagonistic strains of the antagonistic strains with the organic excipients through two fermentation culture. The different treatments were set up in the tobacco field in Luoning County, and the microecological agents were studied for the agronomic characters and the soil microbiology of root surrounding soil at different growth stages. The results were as follows. (1) the results of the inhibition rate of antagonistic strains showed that most antagonistic microorganisms had mutual inhibition, their interaction was mainly in the competition of space sites and nutrients, and the growth of antifungal substances affected the growth of the mycelium and the inner mycelium. The antagonistic antagonistic fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes each 3. (2) antagonistic fungi T1, T2 and T3 inhibition rates are less than 50%, showing the competition of nutrition, can coordinate growth, and antagonistic actinomycetes S2, S4, S7 and antagonistic bacteria B1, B2, B3 respectively in confrontation between the antagonistic bacteria B1, B2 and B3 interaction between the performance of the basic affinity, With Antagonistic Actinomycetes S2, S4 and S7, antagonistic actinomycetes can grow normally and have strong inhibitory effect on antagonistic bacteria. Antagonistic actinomycetes, S2, S4 and S7 have little mutual inhibition and can coordinate growth. (3) the primary product of micro ecological preparation (compound bio organic fertilizer) made of two times of fermentation by antagonistic microorganisms. Good physical properties, microscopic examination of antagonistic microorganisms can be successfully colonized on it. (4) measurement of agronomic characters of tobacco field showed that adding organic manure and microecological agents can effectively increase plant height and stem circumference, increase leaf number and leaf area. (5) adding organic fertilizer and microecological agents can increase the cultivation of root surrounding soil in the harvest period of tobacco. The number of microbial colonies increased by 379.12% and 78.06%, respectively, and the number of fungi increased by 16.45% and 5.21%, respectively. The number of actinomycetes increased by 9.37% and 5.14%. used microecological agents respectively. The increase in the number of fungi in the root surrounding soil was significantly lower than that in the use of organic manure. (6) adding organic manure. The species richness and community diversity of the soil microbes were the highest, followed by the treatment with microecological preparation, and the control was the lowest. The two soil samples treated with organic fertilizer and microecological preparation were similar, and the relative content of Streptomyces and Bacillus in the two soil samples was higher than that of the control. A combination of internal screening and field investigation was used to clarify the interaction between a variety of antagonistic microorganisms. The primary products of the compound microecological preparation were developed, and the effects of the product on the agronomic characters and soil microbes in different growth stages of tobacco were discussed, and the synergistic control of tobacco soil by a variety of antagonistic microorganisms was carried out. Fungal diseases have laid a foundation for theory and practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S435.72;S476

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