不同樹(shù)形和修剪強(qiáng)度對(duì)錐栗生長(zhǎng)和結(jié)果的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-24 09:14
【摘要】：錐栗(Castanea henryi(skan)Rehd.et Wils.)是中國(guó)南方重要的木本糧食樹(shù)種。由于其具有喜光、發(fā)枝力和頂端優(yōu)勢(shì)強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn),進(jìn)入盛果期后,極易造成結(jié)果部位外移而內(nèi)膛空虛的現(xiàn)象,從而降低果實(shí)產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。為探討錐栗樹(shù)體適宜的樹(shù)形和合理的修剪強(qiáng)度,本文以'華栗3號(hào)'錐栗為試驗(yàn)材料,通過(guò)田間試驗(yàn)、果實(shí)理化分析和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)等方法,系統(tǒng)研究了錐栗3種主要樹(shù)形(小冠疏層形、自然圓頭形、開(kāi)心形)冠層的枝量及枝類(lèi)組成、相對(duì)光照強(qiáng)度、葉片質(zhì)量、果實(shí)產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)等指標(biāo),篩選出最優(yōu)樹(shù)形;并通過(guò)對(duì)最優(yōu)樹(shù)形進(jìn)行不同修剪強(qiáng)度(輕度修剪、中度修剪、重度修剪和不修剪)的對(duì)比試驗(yàn),研究了錐栗不同修剪強(qiáng)度對(duì)樹(shù)體枝類(lèi)生長(zhǎng)特性、葉片生理、光能利用、產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)的影響,旨在為錐栗整形修剪和栽培管理提供理論依據(jù),具體研究結(jié)果如下:1.不同樹(shù)形對(duì)錐栗生長(zhǎng)的影響存在差異。3種樹(shù)形的長(zhǎng)、中、短枝的比例變化不大,均以短枝為主,短枝比例分別占73.06%(小冠疏層形)、70.81%(自然圓頭形)和66.47%(開(kāi)心形)。開(kāi)心形整體光照條件良好,各層光照分布均勻一致,無(wú)效光區(qū)比例最低,為27.78%,枝量主要集中在樹(shù)冠中、上層,分別占全樹(shù)的45.52%和36.04%;自然圓頭形樹(shù)冠光照相對(duì)較差,各層光照分布不均勻,無(wú)效光區(qū)比例最高,為36.11%,枝量主要集中在中、下層,分別占全樹(shù)的34.96%和40.11%。開(kāi)心形樹(shù)冠上層葉片的比葉重最大為15.77 mg·cm-2,顯著高于自然圓頭形和小冠疏層形,而自然圓頭形樹(shù)冠中下層的SPAD值顯著高于開(kāi)心形和小冠疏層形。開(kāi)心形的葉片Ca含量最高為32.6 mg·g-1,顯著高于自然圓頭形,但與小冠疏層形差異不顯著,自然圓頭形的葉片N含量與K含量最高,分別為1.96%和0.55%,顯著高于小冠疏層形,但與開(kāi)心形差異不顯著。由此可知,開(kāi)心形樹(shù)形枝量分布合理,葉片質(zhì)量和整體光照條件好,有利于樹(shù)體生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育。2.不同樹(shù)形對(duì)錐栗的結(jié)果有顯著影響。開(kāi)心形結(jié)果部位主要集中在光照條件較好的中、上部位,占單株產(chǎn)量的69.48%,而自然圓頭形和小冠疏層形的結(jié)果部位集中位于相對(duì)光照強(qiáng)度急劇下降的下部。開(kāi)心形和自然圓頭形的單株產(chǎn)量差異不顯著,但均顯著高于小冠疏層形。在同一冠層,開(kāi)心形錐栗的單粒質(zhì)量均顯著高于小冠疏層形和自然圓頭形。開(kāi)心形樹(shù)冠下層果實(shí)的可溶性糖含量、還原性糖含量和淀粉含量分別為6.92%、0.62%和60.56%,均顯著高于小冠疏層形和自然圓頭形。由此可知,開(kāi)心形樹(shù)形不僅果實(shí)品質(zhì)好,而且產(chǎn)量穩(wěn)定。3.不同修剪強(qiáng)度對(duì)錐栗生長(zhǎng)的影響差異顯著。隨著修剪強(qiáng)度的增大,結(jié)果枝長(zhǎng)度和粗度呈增加趨勢(shì),而重度修剪與中度修剪處理的果前梢長(zhǎng)度/結(jié)果枝長(zhǎng)度分別較對(duì)照降低了 28.19%和36.94%,長(zhǎng)枝和短枝所占比例呈增加趨勢(shì),單株總枝數(shù)在一定程度上呈增大趨勢(shì),但重度修剪單株總枝量較對(duì)照降低了 11.49%。重度修剪、中度修剪和輕度修剪與對(duì)照相比均明顯改善樹(shù)冠內(nèi)的光照條件,重度修剪、中度修剪、輕度修剪冠層內(nèi)相對(duì)光照強(qiáng)度大于30%的分別占86.11%、80.56%和75.00%。中度修剪葉片質(zhì)量綜合效果最好,在冠層上部,其單葉面積最大為72.92 cm2,比對(duì)照增加了 18.38%;在樹(shù)冠中部和下部,葉片厚度均顯著大于輕度修剪和對(duì)照處理;中度修剪的冠層下部葉片SPAD值分別較重度修剪、輕度修剪和對(duì)照增加4.27%、8.05%和8.29%。中度修剪處理顯著提高了葉片中N、P、K和Ca含量,但中度修剪與重度修剪Ca含量差異不顯著,重度修剪葉片Ca含量最高為35.56 mg·g-1。在果實(shí)成熟期,重度修剪、中度修剪、輕度修剪處理葉片SOD活性最高,分別較對(duì)照提高了 14.49%、7.97%、2.17%。中度修剪的冠層上部葉片的凈光合速率為12.85 μmol·m-2·s-1、蒸騰速率為3.75 mmol·m-2·s-1和氣孔導(dǎo)度為0.18 mmol·m-2·s-1,都是最高,較對(duì)照分別增加了 20.3%、12.3%和20.0%;重度修剪冠層上部胞間CO2濃度較對(duì)照處理降低了 2.32%。錐栗不同修剪強(qiáng)度的光合參數(shù)差異顯著,中度修剪錐栗樹(shù)體葉片的最大光合速率、光飽和點(diǎn)和羧化效率顯著高于其他處理,而光補(bǔ)償點(diǎn)和暗呼吸速率顯著低于其他處理。由此可知,中度修剪可有效增加樹(shù)體枝量、擴(kuò)大樹(shù)冠,改善樹(shù)冠內(nèi)的光照條件,提高樹(shù)體冠層的葉片質(zhì)量。4.不同修剪強(qiáng)度對(duì)錐栗結(jié)果的影響有顯著差異。不同修剪強(qiáng)度處理中,中度修剪單株產(chǎn)量最高為10.25 kg,其次是輕度修剪和重度修剪,分別為9.29 kg和9.40 kg,而對(duì)照產(chǎn)量最少,為8.47 kg;重度修剪在樹(shù)冠中層和上層的單粒質(zhì)量和淀粉含量顯著高于輕度修剪和對(duì)照,且含水量顯著低于輕度修剪和對(duì)照,中度修剪和重度修剪的可溶性糖和還原性糖含量顯著高于輕度修剪和對(duì)照。由此可知,中度修剪樹(shù)體產(chǎn)量高,果實(shí)品質(zhì)表現(xiàn)良好。綜上所述,錐栗整形修剪最適宜的樹(shù)形為開(kāi)心形,中度修剪為錐栗樹(shù)體結(jié)果期最適宜的修剪強(qiáng)度。
[Abstract]:Castanea henryi (skan) Rehd.et Wils. is an important woody grain tree species in the south of China. Because of its characteristics of bright light, twig and top advantage, after entering the fruit period, it is very easy to cause the result parts to move outside and empty the inner bore, thus reducing the yield and quality of the fruit. The pruning strength of "Hua chestnut No. 3" was used as a test material. Through field experiments, physical and chemical analysis and mathematical statistics, the branches and branches of 3 main trees of Chestnut (small crowns, natural round head and happy) were systematically studied, and the intensity of light, leaf quality, fruit yield and quality were screened. The optimal tree shape was selected and the effects of different pruning intensities (mild pruning, moderate pruning, severe pruning and unpruning) on the growth characteristics, leaf physiology, light energy utilization, yield and quality of the tree were studied by the comparison of the optimal tree pruning strength (mild pruning, moderate pruning, severe pruning and unpruning). The aim was to provide a rational pruning and cultivation management for chestnut. The specific research results are as follows: 1. the effects of different tree forms on the growth of chestnut growth are different in the length of.3 species, in which the proportion of short branches varies little, both are mainly short branches, the proportion of short branches is 73.06% (small crown sparse layer), 70.81% (NATURAL round head) and 66.47% (happy). The proportion of the ineffective light area is the lowest, 27.78%, the branch quantity mainly concentrated in the tree crown, the upper layer accounts for 45.52% and 36.04% of the whole tree, and the natural round head tree crown photography is poor, the light distribution of each layer is not uniform, the ratio of the invalid light area is the highest, 36.11%, the branches are mainly in the middle and lower layers, accounting for 34.96% and 40.11%. happy trees of the whole tree. The maximum specific leaf weight of the upper canopy was 15.77 mg. Cm-2, which was significantly higher than that of the natural round head and the small crown sparse layer, while the SPAD value in the lower layer of the natural round head was significantly higher than that of the happy and small crowns. The content of Ca in the happy leaves was 32.6 mg. G-1, which was significantly higher than that of the natural round head, but there was no significant difference between the leaves of the small crown and the small crown. The contents of N and K in the round head are 1.96% and 0.55%, respectively, which are 1.96% and 0.55% respectively, which are significantly higher than those of the small crowns, but there is no significant difference from the happy shape. Therefore, the distribution of the branches of the trees is reasonable, the quality of the leaves and the whole light condition are good, which is beneficial to the growth and development of the tree. The result of the tree shape has a significant effect on the result of the chestnut. The part mainly concentrated in the better light conditions, the upper part of which accounted for 69.48% of the yield of the single plant, while the natural round head and the small crowns were concentrated in the lower part of the relative light intensity. The yield differences between the happy and natural round head were not significant, but all were significantly higher than those of the small crowns. The single grain quality of chestnut was significantly higher than that of the small crown and the natural round head. The soluble sugar content, the reducing sugar content and the starch content were 6.92%, 0.62% and 60.56%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the small crowns and the natural round head. The effect of different pruning strength of.3. on the growth of chestnut was significant. With the increase of the pruning strength, the length and coarseness of the branches increased, while the length of the shoot and the result branch length of severe pruning and moderate pruning decreased by 28.19% and 36.94%, respectively, and the proportion of long branches and short branches increased, and the number of total branches of single plant was increased. To a certain extent, it showed an increasing trend, but the total branch quantity of single plant in severe pruning decreased 11.49%. severe pruning compared with the control. Moderate pruning and mild pruning significantly improved the light conditions in the crown of the tree. Severe pruning, moderate pruning, and mild pruning canopy relative light intensity greater than 30% were 86.11%, 80.56% and 75.00%. respectively. In the upper part of the crown, the maximum single leaf area was 72.92 cm2, and 18.38% more than the control. In the middle and lower part of the crown, the leaf thickness was significantly greater than the mild pruning and the control treatment. The moderate pruning lower leaf SPAD value was 4.27%, 8.05% and 4.27%, 8.05%, respectively. Moderate pruning of 8.29%. significantly increased the content of N, P, K and Ca in leaves, but there was no significant difference in Ca content between moderate pruning and severe pruning. The highest Ca content in severe pruning leaves was 35.56 mg. G-1. at fruit maturity, severe pruning, moderate pruning, and mild pruning, the highest activity of SOD was 14.49%, 7.97%, and 2.17%. compared with the control. The net photosynthetic rate of the upper leaves of moderate pruning is 12.85 mol. M-2. S-1. The transpiration rate is 3.75 mmol. M-2. S-1 and the stomatal conductance is 0.18 mmol. M-2. S-1, which are both 20.3%, 12.3% and 20%, respectively. The concentration of the upper intercellular CO2 in the severe pruning canopy is lower than that of the control. The maximum photosynthetic rate, the maximum photosynthetic rate, the light saturation point and the carboxylation efficiency were significantly higher than the other treatments, and the light compensation point and the dark respiration rate were significantly lower than those of other treatments. The effect of different pruning intensities on the results of chestnut with different pruning strength of the body crown was significant. In the treatment of different prunes, the highest yield per plant was 10.25 kg, followed by mild pruning and severe pruning, 9.29 kg and 9.40 kg respectively, while the control yield was least, 8.47 kg, and heavy pruning in the middle and upper layer of the crown of the tree. Quality and starch content were significantly higher than mild pruning and control, and water content was significantly lower than mild pruning and control. Moderate pruning and severely trimmed sugar and reductive sugar content were significantly higher than those of mild pruning and control. The suitable tree shape is the happy shape, and the moderate pruning is the most suitable pruning intensity for the fruiting stage of Castanea henryi.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S792.17
，
本文編號(hào)：2140907
[Abstract]:Castanea henryi (skan) Rehd.et Wils. is an important woody grain tree species in the south of China. Because of its characteristics of bright light, twig and top advantage, after entering the fruit period, it is very easy to cause the result parts to move outside and empty the inner bore, thus reducing the yield and quality of the fruit. The pruning strength of "Hua chestnut No. 3" was used as a test material. Through field experiments, physical and chemical analysis and mathematical statistics, the branches and branches of 3 main trees of Chestnut (small crowns, natural round head and happy) were systematically studied, and the intensity of light, leaf quality, fruit yield and quality were screened. The optimal tree shape was selected and the effects of different pruning intensities (mild pruning, moderate pruning, severe pruning and unpruning) on the growth characteristics, leaf physiology, light energy utilization, yield and quality of the tree were studied by the comparison of the optimal tree pruning strength (mild pruning, moderate pruning, severe pruning and unpruning). The aim was to provide a rational pruning and cultivation management for chestnut. The specific research results are as follows: 1. the effects of different tree forms on the growth of chestnut growth are different in the length of.3 species, in which the proportion of short branches varies little, both are mainly short branches, the proportion of short branches is 73.06% (small crown sparse layer), 70.81% (NATURAL round head) and 66.47% (happy). The proportion of the ineffective light area is the lowest, 27.78%, the branch quantity mainly concentrated in the tree crown, the upper layer accounts for 45.52% and 36.04% of the whole tree, and the natural round head tree crown photography is poor, the light distribution of each layer is not uniform, the ratio of the invalid light area is the highest, 36.11%, the branches are mainly in the middle and lower layers, accounting for 34.96% and 40.11%. happy trees of the whole tree. The maximum specific leaf weight of the upper canopy was 15.77 mg. Cm-2, which was significantly higher than that of the natural round head and the small crown sparse layer, while the SPAD value in the lower layer of the natural round head was significantly higher than that of the happy and small crowns. The content of Ca in the happy leaves was 32.6 mg. G-1, which was significantly higher than that of the natural round head, but there was no significant difference between the leaves of the small crown and the small crown. The contents of N and K in the round head are 1.96% and 0.55%, respectively, which are 1.96% and 0.55% respectively, which are significantly higher than those of the small crowns, but there is no significant difference from the happy shape. Therefore, the distribution of the branches of the trees is reasonable, the quality of the leaves and the whole light condition are good, which is beneficial to the growth and development of the tree. The result of the tree shape has a significant effect on the result of the chestnut. The part mainly concentrated in the better light conditions, the upper part of which accounted for 69.48% of the yield of the single plant, while the natural round head and the small crowns were concentrated in the lower part of the relative light intensity. The yield differences between the happy and natural round head were not significant, but all were significantly higher than those of the small crowns. The single grain quality of chestnut was significantly higher than that of the small crown and the natural round head. The soluble sugar content, the reducing sugar content and the starch content were 6.92%, 0.62% and 60.56%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the small crowns and the natural round head. The effect of different pruning strength of.3. on the growth of chestnut was significant. With the increase of the pruning strength, the length and coarseness of the branches increased, while the length of the shoot and the result branch length of severe pruning and moderate pruning decreased by 28.19% and 36.94%, respectively, and the proportion of long branches and short branches increased, and the number of total branches of single plant was increased. To a certain extent, it showed an increasing trend, but the total branch quantity of single plant in severe pruning decreased 11.49%. severe pruning compared with the control. Moderate pruning and mild pruning significantly improved the light conditions in the crown of the tree. Severe pruning, moderate pruning, and mild pruning canopy relative light intensity greater than 30% were 86.11%, 80.56% and 75.00%. respectively. In the upper part of the crown, the maximum single leaf area was 72.92 cm2, and 18.38% more than the control. In the middle and lower part of the crown, the leaf thickness was significantly greater than the mild pruning and the control treatment. The moderate pruning lower leaf SPAD value was 4.27%, 8.05% and 4.27%, 8.05%, respectively. Moderate pruning of 8.29%. significantly increased the content of N, P, K and Ca in leaves, but there was no significant difference in Ca content between moderate pruning and severe pruning. The highest Ca content in severe pruning leaves was 35.56 mg. G-1. at fruit maturity, severe pruning, moderate pruning, and mild pruning, the highest activity of SOD was 14.49%, 7.97%, and 2.17%. compared with the control. The net photosynthetic rate of the upper leaves of moderate pruning is 12.85 mol. M-2. S-1. The transpiration rate is 3.75 mmol. M-2. S-1 and the stomatal conductance is 0.18 mmol. M-2. S-1, which are both 20.3%, 12.3% and 20%, respectively. The concentration of the upper intercellular CO2 in the severe pruning canopy is lower than that of the control. The maximum photosynthetic rate, the maximum photosynthetic rate, the light saturation point and the carboxylation efficiency were significantly higher than the other treatments, and the light compensation point and the dark respiration rate were significantly lower than those of other treatments. The effect of different pruning intensities on the results of chestnut with different pruning strength of the body crown was significant. In the treatment of different prunes, the highest yield per plant was 10.25 kg, followed by mild pruning and severe pruning, 9.29 kg and 9.40 kg respectively, while the control yield was least, 8.47 kg, and heavy pruning in the middle and upper layer of the crown of the tree. Quality and starch content were significantly higher than mild pruning and control, and water content was significantly lower than mild pruning and control. Moderate pruning and severely trimmed sugar and reductive sugar content were significantly higher than those of mild pruning and control. The suitable tree shape is the happy shape, and the moderate pruning is the most suitable pruning intensity for the fruiting stage of Castanea henryi.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S792.17
，
本文編號(hào)：2140907
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shoufeilunwen/zaizhiyanjiusheng/2140907.html
最近更新
教材專著
