【摘要】：隨著水資源短缺與社會(huì)發(fā)展之間矛盾凸顯的今天,大力發(fā)展節(jié)水灌溉是解決我國(guó)水資源短缺的根本出路。針對(duì)目前國(guó)內(nèi)外噴灌機(jī)組的發(fā)展中存在的適應(yīng)性差、設(shè)備復(fù)雜、結(jié)構(gòu)笨重等問題,研制出一種新型輕小型平移式噴灌機(jī)。本文通過對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)的理論分析、強(qiáng)度計(jì)算以及與動(dòng)力學(xué)建模仿真相結(jié)合的方法,對(duì)自制的輕小型平移式噴灌機(jī)進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)并討論其在不同坡道的通過穩(wěn)定性。在特定試驗(yàn)條件下對(duì)噴灌機(jī)組的水力性能進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括以下幾個(gè)方面:(1)對(duì)自行研制的平移式噴灌機(jī)的關(guān)鍵部件的設(shè)計(jì),使得噴灌機(jī)具有易拆卸、噴頭安裝高度與間距可調(diào)的特點(diǎn)。通過對(duì)灑水車的關(guān)鍵部件的受力理論分析,提出提高構(gòu)件結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度的方法;對(duì)噴灌機(jī)自動(dòng)控制的要求提出簡(jiǎn)單、方便的控制方法。(2)對(duì)輕小型噴灌機(jī)在坡地的通過穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行理論受力分析,提出了影響輕小型平移式噴灌機(jī)爬坡能力的因素,其中包括機(jī)組輪距、質(zhì)心高度以及附著系數(shù)。結(jié)果表明:在縱向坡道上勻速行駛,機(jī)組前后輪距為3m,質(zhì)心高度為3.37m時(shí),機(jī)組不發(fā)生翻傾的極限坡度角約為26°。在濕土路的附著系數(shù)為0.5~0.7的條件下,最大滑移角度t為31°。(3)對(duì)輕小型平移式噴灌機(jī)進(jìn)行多體動(dòng)力學(xué)建模仿真。運(yùn)用多體動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真軟件ADAMS對(duì)該機(jī)組進(jìn)行動(dòng)力學(xué)建模,讓建立的整機(jī)模型在2D水平路面與不同坡道上分別進(jìn)行整車通過性能分析,并通過傳感器檢測(cè)質(zhì)心高度的變化情況。結(jié)果表明:該新型噴灌機(jī)整車的最大爬坡角度小于等于25°時(shí),能夠順利完成仿真,在大于25°時(shí),機(jī)組發(fā)生側(cè)傾不能正常工作。同時(shí),運(yùn)用虛擬樣機(jī)技術(shù)對(duì)整機(jī)進(jìn)行仿真與計(jì)算,為以后噴灌機(jī)組的研發(fā)與推廣使用提供了一種高效的試驗(yàn)方法。(4)新型平移式噴灌機(jī)的噴頭在特定的安裝高度、安裝間距、工作壓力下進(jìn)行水力性能試驗(yàn);對(duì)機(jī)組灌水量的影響因子進(jìn)行單因素方差分析與最小二乘法非線性回歸分析,同時(shí)對(duì)影響其灌水量的主要因素之間進(jìn)行定量分析。結(jié)果表明:在噴頭組合間距為3m,安裝高度為1m,工作壓力為0.07MPa與0.14MPa下,組合噴灌均勻系數(shù)均超過了85%,分布均勻性系數(shù)也達(dá)到了80%。機(jī)組運(yùn)行距離與工作壓力對(duì)灌水量影響的顯著性概率分別為0.74和0.08,運(yùn)行速度比對(duì)灌水量的顯著性概率為8.2e-7。
[Abstract]:With the contradiction between water resources shortage and social development prominent today, developing water saving irrigation is the fundamental way to solve water shortage in China. In view of the problems existing in the development of sprinkler irrigation units at home and abroad, such as poor adaptability, complex equipment and heavy structure, a new type of light and small translational sprinkler irrigation machine has been developed. Based on the theoretical analysis, strength calculation and dynamic modeling and simulation of its structure, this paper designs the structure of the self-made light and small translational sprinkler irrigation machine and discusses its stability in different ramps. The hydraulic performance of sprinkler irrigation unit was tested under certain test conditions. The main research contents include the following aspects: (1) the design of the key parts of the self-developed translation type sprinkler irrigation machine makes the sprinkler machine easy to disassemble and the installation height and spacing of the sprinkler head can be adjusted. Based on the analysis of the stress theory of the key parts of the sprinkler, the method of improving the structural strength of the member is put forward, and the requirement of automatic control of the sprinkler is put forward. (2) the theoretical analysis of the stability of the light and small sprinkler irrigation machine on the slope is carried out, and the factors affecting the climbing ability of the light and small translational irrigation machine are put forward, including the wheel spacing, the height of the center of mass and the adhesion coefficient. The results show that the ultimate slope angle of the unit without overturning is about 26 擄when the wheel distance is 3 m and the height of the center of mass is 3.37 m on the longitudinal ramp. The maximum slip angle t is 31 擄under the condition that the adhesion coefficient of wet soil road is 0.5 ~ 0.7. (3) Multi-body dynamics modeling and simulation of light and small translational sprinkler irrigation machine is carried out. The dynamic modeling of the unit is carried out by using the multi-body dynamics simulation software ADAMS, and the vehicle performance analysis is carried out on 2D horizontal road surface and different ramps, and the change of the height of the center of mass is detected by the sensor. The results show that when the maximum angle of climbing is less than or equal to 25 擄, the simulation can be completed successfully, and when the maximum angle of climbing is less than 25 擄, the unit can not work normally when it is larger than 25 擄. At the same time, the virtual prototyping technology is used to simulate and calculate the whole machine, which provides an efficient test method for the later research and development and popularization of the sprinkler group. (4) the nozzle of the new type of translational sprinkler irrigation machine is installed at the specific installation height and the installation distance. Hydraulic performance test was carried out under working pressure, single factor variance analysis and least square nonlinear regression analysis were carried out on the influencing factors of the water quantity of the unit, and quantitative analysis was carried out among the main factors affecting the irrigation quantity. The results show that when the combined nozzle spacing is 3 m, the installation height is 1 m, and the working pressure is 0.07MPa and 0.14MPa, the uniform coefficient of combined sprinkler irrigation exceeds 85 and the distribution uniformity coefficient reaches 80. The significant probability of the influence of the operating distance and the working pressure on the irrigation quantity is 0.74 and 0.08 respectively, and the significant probability of the ratio of running speed to the irrigation quantity is 8.2 e-7.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S277.94

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