南疆棗黑斑病流行因素分析及綜合防治技術(shù)的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-23 15:43
【摘要】：隨著南疆紅棗產(chǎn)業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展,紅棗黑斑病已成為影響紅棗產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)和食品安全的主要因素。本試驗(yàn)采用孢子捕捉技術(shù)與田間調(diào)查相結(jié)合的方法研究了紅棗黑斑病病源菌分生孢子日間擴(kuò)散規(guī)律和空間分布規(guī)律及棗樹不同生育期分生孢子流行動(dòng)態(tài);同時(shí)在紅棗黑斑病發(fā)生高峰期調(diào)查了不同的栽培模式、修剪模式、灌水模式及不同土壤性狀和不同品種對(duì)紅棗黑斑病發(fā)生發(fā)生的影響,并結(jié)合4年來的氣象資料研究了降雨量、均溫等氣候因素對(duì)紅棗黑斑病的影響;進(jìn)一步采用皿內(nèi)毒力測(cè)定和田間藥效防治試驗(yàn)研究了苯醚甲環(huán)唑、吡唑醚菌酯·代森聯(lián)等環(huán)境友好型農(nóng)藥對(duì)棗黑斑病的防控作用,同時(shí)進(jìn)行了生物誘抗劑0.5%幾丁聚糖田間防控試驗(yàn)。這些研究成果為南疆棗黑斑病防治提供依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)棗黑斑病分生孢子日間擴(kuò)散量在12:00至13:00間達(dá)到峰值;孢子空間分布主要集中在棗樹的冠層及冠層以下;在棗樹的生育期中,孢子流行呈現(xiàn)一定規(guī)律性,即展葉期很少,花期開始逐漸增多,盛花期達(dá)到最大量,以后隨著花的減少分生孢子也相繼減少,幼果期孢子數(shù)再次開始呈上升趨勢(shì),果實(shí)膨大后期分生孢子量達(dá)最大值。(2)不同的株行配置、夏季修剪時(shí)期、灌溉模式、土質(zhì)、品種及氣候條件均影響棗黑斑病的發(fā)生。調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),棗園株行距為1*1.5 m和1*0.75 m寬窄行的棗果病果率高于1*1.5 m和3*2 m株行距,3*2 m株行距病果率最低;夏季修剪時(shí)期決定棗開花座果時(shí)間,同時(shí)對(duì)棗黑斑病發(fā)生有一定影響,5月下旬開花座果的棗園病果率大于6月下旬和7月上旬座果的棗園病果率;大水灌溉棗園的病果率大于滴灌棗園;粘質(zhì)土壤的果園病果率大于沙性土壤;南疆種植的3個(gè)棗品種中,駿棗抗病性最差,發(fā)病重,其次是金昌,灰棗的抗病性較強(qiáng)發(fā)病輕;降雨量、均溫等氣候因素對(duì)紅棗黑斑病發(fā)生的影響最大,9月和10月份溫差大、降雨量大是導(dǎo)致其病害發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的主要誘因。(3)皿內(nèi)毒力測(cè)定結(jié)果表明:不同藥劑對(duì)黑斑病菌的抑制作用不同。其中,10%苯醚甲環(huán)唑WG對(duì)黑斑病菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)具有較強(qiáng)的抑制活性,其次45%吡唑醚菌酯EC和60%吡唑醚菌酯·代森聯(lián)WG,對(duì)照藥劑80%多菌靈WP抑制作用最差,明顯低于其他藥劑;田間藥效防治試驗(yàn)中表明:10%苯醚甲環(huán)唑WG田間防治效果最好,優(yōu)于45%吡唑醚菌酯EC、60%吡唑醚菌酯·代森聯(lián)WG和對(duì)照試劑80%多菌靈WP。(4)0.5%幾丁聚糖田間防效試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:0.5%幾丁聚糖對(duì)黑斑病害的控制作用高于化學(xué)藥劑的防治,且對(duì)紅棗安全,沒有藥害、不傷花、不傷果。(5)在前期研究基礎(chǔ)上集成了棗黑斑病綜合防治技術(shù)體系,提出了以選用抗病品種為主,清潔棗園、栽培防病、生物防治和化學(xué)防治為輔的綜合防治策略。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of red jujube industry in South Xinjiang, black spot of red jujube has become the main factor affecting the yield, quality and food safety of red jujube. In this experiment, spore capture technique and field investigation were used to study the distribution and distribution of conidia in different growth stages of jujube black spot pathogen, and the trend of conidia prevalence in different growth stages of jujube. At the same time, the effects of different cultivation model, pruning model, irrigation model and different soil characters and varieties on the occurrence of black spot of jujube were investigated at the peak period of occurrence of black spot of red jujube, and the rainfall was studied with meteorological data in the past 4 years. The effects of climate factors such as mean temperature on black spot of jujube were studied, and the control effects of environmental friendly pesticides, such as diphenyl ether triazole and pyrazole ester, on jujube black spot disease, were further studied by in-dish virulence test and field efficacy control experiment, and the control effects of environmental friendly pesticides, such as diphenyl ether, pyrazole bacteria ester and so on, on jujube black spot disease were studied. At the same time, the field control experiment of 0.5% chitosan was carried out. These results provide basis for the prevention and control of black spot of South Xinjiang jujube. The results are as follows: (1) the diurnal diffusivity of conidia of jujube black spot reached its peak between 12:00 and 13:00, the spatial distribution of spores was mainly concentrated in the canopy and below the canopy of jujube, and the spore prevalence was regular during the growing period of jujube. That is to say, the number of conidia decreased with the decrease of flowers, and the number of spores in young fruit stage began to increase again. (2) different plant arrangement, summer pruning period, irrigation pattern, soil quality, variety and climatic conditions all affect the occurrence of jujube black spot. It was found that the rate of fruit disease in jujube orchard with a row spacing of 1 1. 5 m and 1 0. 75 m wide and narrow was higher than that of 1 1. 5 m and 3 0. 2 m, and the rate of fruit disease was the lowest in the period of summer pruning, and the time of flowering and fruit setting was determined by the period of pruning in summer. At the same time, the incidence of jujube black spot was affected, the rate of fruit disease in jujube orchard in late May was higher than that in jujube orchard in late June and in the first ten days of July, the rate of diseased fruit in irrigated jujube orchard was higher than that in drip irrigation jujube orchard. The fruit disease rate of orchard in clay soil was higher than that in sandy soil, among the three jujube varieties planted in south Xinjiang, the disease resistance of Jun jujube was the worst, the disease was serious, the next was Jinchang, the disease resistance of gray jujube was light, the rainfall, Climate factors such as mean temperature had the greatest influence on the occurrence of black spot of jujube, and the temperature difference between September and October was great. Heavy rainfall is the main cause of the disease. (3) the results of intradish virulence test showed that the inhibition effect of different insecticides on black spot fungus was different. Among them, 10% triacyclozole WG had strong inhibitory activity on mycelium growth, followed by 45% pyrazole EC and 60% pyrazole fungicide to substitute WGWG.The control group 80% carbendazim WP had the worst inhibitory effect, which was significantly lower than that of other fungicides. The field control experiment showed that the control effect of 10% diphenyl ether triazole WG was the best in the field. The results showed that the control effect of 0.5% chitosan on black spot disease was higher than that of chemical agent, and the control effect of 0.5% chitosan was higher than that of chemical agent, and it was safe to red jujube, and the control effect was better than that of 45% pyrazolyl ether ester and 80% carbendazim WP.The results showed that the control effect of 0.5% chitosan on black spot disease was higher than that of chemical agent, and it was safe to red jujube. (5) based on the previous research, the comprehensive control technology system of jujube black spot disease was integrated, and it was put forward that the main disease resistance varieties should be selected to clean the jujube orchard, and to cultivate and prevent the disease. Comprehensive control strategy of biological control and chemical control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：塔里木大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S436.65
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of red jujube industry in South Xinjiang, black spot of red jujube has become the main factor affecting the yield, quality and food safety of red jujube. In this experiment, spore capture technique and field investigation were used to study the distribution and distribution of conidia in different growth stages of jujube black spot pathogen, and the trend of conidia prevalence in different growth stages of jujube. At the same time, the effects of different cultivation model, pruning model, irrigation model and different soil characters and varieties on the occurrence of black spot of jujube were investigated at the peak period of occurrence of black spot of red jujube, and the rainfall was studied with meteorological data in the past 4 years. The effects of climate factors such as mean temperature on black spot of jujube were studied, and the control effects of environmental friendly pesticides, such as diphenyl ether triazole and pyrazole ester, on jujube black spot disease, were further studied by in-dish virulence test and field efficacy control experiment, and the control effects of environmental friendly pesticides, such as diphenyl ether, pyrazole bacteria ester and so on, on jujube black spot disease were studied. At the same time, the field control experiment of 0.5% chitosan was carried out. These results provide basis for the prevention and control of black spot of South Xinjiang jujube. The results are as follows: (1) the diurnal diffusivity of conidia of jujube black spot reached its peak between 12:00 and 13:00, the spatial distribution of spores was mainly concentrated in the canopy and below the canopy of jujube, and the spore prevalence was regular during the growing period of jujube. That is to say, the number of conidia decreased with the decrease of flowers, and the number of spores in young fruit stage began to increase again. (2) different plant arrangement, summer pruning period, irrigation pattern, soil quality, variety and climatic conditions all affect the occurrence of jujube black spot. It was found that the rate of fruit disease in jujube orchard with a row spacing of 1 1. 5 m and 1 0. 75 m wide and narrow was higher than that of 1 1. 5 m and 3 0. 2 m, and the rate of fruit disease was the lowest in the period of summer pruning, and the time of flowering and fruit setting was determined by the period of pruning in summer. At the same time, the incidence of jujube black spot was affected, the rate of fruit disease in jujube orchard in late May was higher than that in jujube orchard in late June and in the first ten days of July, the rate of diseased fruit in irrigated jujube orchard was higher than that in drip irrigation jujube orchard. The fruit disease rate of orchard in clay soil was higher than that in sandy soil, among the three jujube varieties planted in south Xinjiang, the disease resistance of Jun jujube was the worst, the disease was serious, the next was Jinchang, the disease resistance of gray jujube was light, the rainfall, Climate factors such as mean temperature had the greatest influence on the occurrence of black spot of jujube, and the temperature difference between September and October was great. Heavy rainfall is the main cause of the disease. (3) the results of intradish virulence test showed that the inhibition effect of different insecticides on black spot fungus was different. Among them, 10% triacyclozole WG had strong inhibitory activity on mycelium growth, followed by 45% pyrazole EC and 60% pyrazole fungicide to substitute WGWG.The control group 80% carbendazim WP had the worst inhibitory effect, which was significantly lower than that of other fungicides. The field control experiment showed that the control effect of 10% diphenyl ether triazole WG was the best in the field. The results showed that the control effect of 0.5% chitosan on black spot disease was higher than that of chemical agent, and the control effect of 0.5% chitosan was higher than that of chemical agent, and it was safe to red jujube, and the control effect was better than that of 45% pyrazolyl ether ester and 80% carbendazim WP.The results showed that the control effect of 0.5% chitosan on black spot disease was higher than that of chemical agent, and it was safe to red jujube. (5) based on the previous research, the comprehensive control technology system of jujube black spot disease was integrated, and it was put forward that the main disease resistance varieties should be selected to clean the jujube orchard, and to cultivate and prevent the disease. Comprehensive control strategy of biological control and chemical control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：塔里木大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S436.65
【相似文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 ;國(guó)外對(duì)蝦黑斑病的研究[J];天津水產(chǎn);1984年00期
2 楊格建;孫岳杰;宮玉東;蓋玉輝;孟繁佳;;梨園要重視防治黑斑病[J];煙臺(tái)果樹;2006年04期
3 李文波;張新華;辛甜甜;李富軍;;果實(shí)采后黑斑病及其防治研究進(jìn)展[J];河南農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2012年10期
4 儕保宗三郎;;牛甘咓黑斑病中毒之橖喂奻歐及毒物注射奻歐[J];上海畜牧獸醫(yī)通訊;1958年02期
5 司權(quán)民;;甘咓黑斑病[J];農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)通訊;1956年03期
6 馬振國(guó),樊慕貞,董金皋;草莓黑斑病菌所產(chǎn)毒素的研究進(jìn)展[J];河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);1997年01期
7 鄢洪海;張茹琴;;環(huán)境因子對(duì)花生黑斑病菌生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的影響[J];湖北農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2009年09期
8 魏書琴;沈育杰;魏春梅;;刺五加黑斑病菌對(duì)刺五加不同器官的侵染研究[J];中國(guó)農(nóng)學(xué)通報(bào);2010年01期
9 于賽s，
本文編號(hào)：2139871
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shoufeilunwen/zaizhiyanjiusheng/2139871.html
最近更新
教材專著
