【摘要】：拖拉機(jī)是我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械中最主要的農(nóng)機(jī)之一,液壓系統(tǒng)作為一種傳動(dòng)技術(shù),成為拖拉機(jī)的重要組成部分,而多路換向閥作為拖拉機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)中最核心的控制元件,其主要作用是控制多個(gè)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)動(dòng)作,它決定了拖拉機(jī)的整機(jī)工作性能。但是目前國(guó)產(chǎn)拖拉機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)中多路換向閥存在泄漏量過多、壓力損失嚴(yán)重、換向操縱力過大等問題,嚴(yán)重制約了多路換向閥以及農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械裝備的發(fā)展。針對(duì)上述問題,本課題以1002/1202系列履帶拖拉機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)多路換向閥為研究對(duì)象,綜述國(guó)內(nèi)外多路換向閥發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,提出一種特殊形式的新型節(jié)流槽四位滑閥設(shè)計(jì)方案;采用理論分析、數(shù)值模擬和試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證相結(jié)合的方法進(jìn)行深入研究:構(gòu)建新型節(jié)流槽的數(shù)學(xué)模型,采用粒子群優(yōu)化算法對(duì)節(jié)流槽進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化,得到節(jié)流槽的最優(yōu)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù);采用Solidworks軟件建立多路換向閥幾何模型,基于計(jì)算流體動(dòng)力學(xué)原理,利用Fluent流體仿真軟件進(jìn)行流體仿真分析,結(jié)果表明:新閥與原閥相比流道局部最大速度降低,壓力損失減小,泄漏量也有所降低,能夠使多路換向閥在工作過程中受到的穩(wěn)態(tài)液動(dòng)力減小,從而使得閥芯受到的最大穩(wěn)態(tài)液動(dòng)力小于換向操縱力,增強(qiáng)多路閥的工作平穩(wěn)性;根據(jù)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),制定試驗(yàn)方案并設(shè)計(jì)試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)原理圖,利用綜合液壓試驗(yàn)臺(tái)對(duì)多路換向閥開展相關(guān)性能試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)表明:試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)和仿真數(shù)據(jù)基本吻合,驗(yàn)證流場(chǎng)仿真的準(zhǔn)確性和四位滑閥節(jié)流槽結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的合理性。本文通過對(duì)拖拉機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)多路換向閥四位滑閥節(jié)流槽結(jié)構(gòu)開展優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),能夠改善多路換向閥的閥口流量特性,提升整機(jī)工作性能。同時(shí),采用的流場(chǎng)仿真和試驗(yàn)方法能夠指導(dǎo)多路換向閥以及其他液壓元件的設(shè)計(jì),為相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)提供一定的數(shù)據(jù)支撐與理論指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:Tractor is one of the most important agricultural machinery in our country. As a transmission technology, hydraulic system becomes an important part of tractor, and multi-way reversing valve is the core control element in tractor hydraulic system. Its main function is to control the action of multiple actuators, which determines the working performance of the tractor. However, there are many problems in the hydraulic system of domestic tractor, such as excessive leakage, serious pressure loss and excessive reversing force, which seriously restrict the development of multi-way reversing valve and agricultural machinery equipment. In view of the above problems, this subject takes 1002 / 1202 series crawler tractor hydraulic system multi-way reversing valve as the research object, summarizes the domestic and international development situation of the multi-way reversing valve, and puts forward a special design scheme of a new type of four-position slide valve with throttle slot. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental verification are used to study deeply. The mathematical model of new throttle is constructed, and the structure of throttle is optimized by particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the optimal design parameters of throttle are obtained. Based on the principle of computational fluid dynamics and fluent fluid simulation software, the geometry model of multi-channel reversing valve is established by Solidworks software. The results show that compared with the original valve, the local maximum velocity of the new valve decreases and the pressure loss decreases. The leakage rate is also reduced, which can reduce the steady state hydraulic power of the multi-way reversing valve in the course of operation, so that the maximum steady state hydraulic power of the valve core is less than that of the reversing operation force, so as to enhance the working stability of the multi-way valve; according to the industry standard, The test scheme was made and the schematic diagram of the test system was designed. By using the comprehensive hydraulic test bench, the related performance tests of the multi-way directional valve were carried out. The test results showed that the test data were basically consistent with the simulation data. The accuracy of flow field simulation and the rationality of the structure design of four-position slide valve throttle are verified. In this paper, by optimizing the structure of four position slide valve throttle slot in the hydraulic system of tractor, the flow characteristics of the valve orifice can be improved, and the working performance of the whole machine can be improved. At the same time, the flow field simulation and test method used can guide the design of multi-way reversing valve and other hydraulic components, and provide some data support and theoretical guidance for the development of related products.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S219.032.1

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本文編號(hào)：2137370