基于牛糞濃漿、沼液的光合細(xì)菌發(fā)酵及其應(yīng)用研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-21 20:14
【摘要】：畜禽養(yǎng)殖的快速發(fā)展產(chǎn)生大量畜禽糞便,未經(jīng)處置或處理不當(dāng)?shù)男笄菁S便對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重污染,影響人們生產(chǎn)生活,引發(fā)社會的強(qiáng)烈不滿,一系列畜禽糞便引起的環(huán)境問題的爆發(fā),嚴(yán)重阻礙我國畜禽養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。目前我國集約化畜禽養(yǎng)殖場對于糞便處理主要有兩種方法。一種是畜禽糞便直接發(fā)酵制沼氣,但剩余沼液屬于高濃度污染物,依然存在去向難、運(yùn)輸難、儲存難等問題。沼氣是新能源的再利用,但不是解決畜禽糞污環(huán)保問題的措施。另一種是通過螺旋擠壓機(jī)進(jìn)行固液分離,將糞便中的干物質(zhì)與液體分離開來,得到含水率小于65%的固體物質(zhì)和液體濃漿。固體物質(zhì)經(jīng)發(fā)酵堆肥,制成有機(jī)肥料,技術(shù)已經(jīng)成熟,但液體濃漿含水率高達(dá)90%,尤其是奶牛糞污的液體濃漿,呈膠體狀態(tài),難降解,難分離,仍為難處理污染物。一般情況牛糞濃漿水COD(50000-90000 mg/L)、SS(60000-70000 mg/L)都非常高,通常的污水處理技術(shù)如絮凝沉淀、厭氧生化、好氧生化等手段都難以處理這類污水。本論文以奶牛糞污固液分離后的濃漿污水、奶牛糞污沼氣化處理后的沼液為處理對象,利用濃漿和沼液中豐富的有機(jī)物質(zhì)作為培養(yǎng)基,進(jìn)行光合細(xì)菌發(fā)酵及其應(yīng)用研究。由于濃漿和沼液均呈現(xiàn)難降解、難分離的膠體狀態(tài),故本研究首先篩選出三種適用于牛糞濃漿的絮凝劑,將其固形物沉淀,降低其SS、濁度和色度,得到可作為光合細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)基的牛糞濃漿水上清液。同時(shí)將篩選的絮凝劑用于沼液處理。再將牛糞濃漿水上清液作為光合細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)基,探討用不同絮凝劑處理濃漿水后得到的上清液對光合細(xì)菌生長的影響,分析不同接種量、光照、添加營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)(醋酸鈉、氯化銨)以及部分循環(huán)連續(xù)培養(yǎng)下光合細(xì)菌的生長趨勢,用OD660值法檢測和表征光合細(xì)菌相對含量。實(shí)驗(yàn)中將絮凝劑殼聚糖作用于光合細(xì)菌濃縮得到光合細(xì)菌凝膠。最后用篩選的絮凝劑在新希望青白江牧場進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),取得了令人滿意的效果。按本研究方法大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)光合細(xì)菌菌液,作為葉面肥施用于煙草、洋蔥和水稻,以考察其肥效。本碩士論文得到以下主要結(jié)論:(1)三種絮凝劑對牛糞水均能產(chǎn)生絮凝作用,三種絮凝劑對色度的降低均能達(dá)到94%,殼聚糖和絮凝劑JP-1對濁度的去除率均能達(dá)到99%。(2)經(jīng)過絮凝劑JP-1處理后的牛糞濃漿水上清液、沼液上清液和沼液反滲透濃縮液為原料的培養(yǎng)基中,接種光合細(xì)菌,36 h后光合細(xì)菌均出現(xiàn)明顯的快速生長現(xiàn)象,而用另外兩種絮凝劑(絮凝劑LSR和殼聚糖)處理后的牛糞濃漿水清液作為培養(yǎng)基,無光合細(xì)菌生長現(xiàn)象。分析原因可能是牛糞濃漿水上清液中殘留的絮凝劑LSR和絮凝劑殼聚糖對光合細(xì)菌的生長產(chǎn)生抑制作用。(3)本研究篩選出的絮凝劑JP-1同樣適用于沼液處理,成功從沼液中絮凝分離得到上清液。此上清液同樣可作為培養(yǎng)基原料來培養(yǎng)光合細(xì)菌。且沼液上清液通過反滲透處理可以降解為清水和濃縮液體。清水可達(dá)標(biāo)排放,濃縮液體可作為培養(yǎng)基原料來培養(yǎng)光合細(xì)菌,成功解決沼液后續(xù)處理問題。(4)以絮凝劑JP-1處理后的牛糞濃漿水上清液為培養(yǎng)基,在溫度為35.5℃、p H為7.67-7.98、接種量為10%(v:v),40 W白熾燈光照72 h的條件下培養(yǎng)光合細(xì)菌,其菌液吸光度可達(dá)到2.2以上。且在相同條件下,以牛糞濃漿水上清液為培養(yǎng)基可以進(jìn)行光合細(xì)菌部分循環(huán)連續(xù)培養(yǎng)。在牛糞濃漿水上清液培養(yǎng)基中添加醋酸鈉和氯化銨對光合細(xì)菌生長影響不大。(5)本研究將殼聚糖絮凝劑用于光合細(xì)菌濃縮沉降,形成光合細(xì)菌凝膠。殼聚糖用量為0.02%時(shí),光合細(xì)菌沉降效率R最大可達(dá)98%。所得光合細(xì)菌凝膠避光保存6個(gè)月仍保持菌體活性,重新培養(yǎng),得到吸光度為2.0的光合細(xì)菌菌液。(6)本研究方案用于牧場現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn),成功分離牧場新產(chǎn)牛糞濃漿水,得到牛糞濃漿水上清液用于工廠培養(yǎng)光合細(xì)菌,得到吸光度平均值高于2.2的光合細(xì)菌菌液。將其施用于煙草、洋蔥和水稻時(shí),產(chǎn)量分別增加20.8%、30.0%和5.6%。以奶牛糞污固液分離后的濃漿污水、奶牛糞污沼氣化處理后的沼液為原料的光合細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)方法經(jīng)濟(jì)可行,具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of livestock and poultry production produces a large number of livestock and poultry excrement, untreated or untreated livestock and poultry manure seriously pollute the environment, affect people's production and life, cause a strong social discontent, and a series of environmental problems caused by livestock and poultry manure, which seriously impede the sustainable development of livestock and poultry industry in China. There are two main methods for the treatment of livestock and poultry farms. One is the direct fermentation of livestock and poultry manure to make biogas, but the residual methane is a high concentration of pollutants. There are still difficulties, difficult transportation and difficult storage. Biogas is the reutilization of new energy, but it is not a solution to environmental protection of livestock and poultry. The other is through the spiral. The extruder separates the solid liquid from the liquid and separates the dry matter from the liquid. The solid substance and liquid slurry with water content less than 65% are obtained. The solid substance is made into organic fertilizer by fermented composting, and the technology has been mature, but the water content of the liquid is up to 90%, especially the liquid thick pulp of milk cow dung, which is colloid, difficult to degrade and difficult to divide. In general, the COD (50000-90000 mg/L) and SS (60000-70000 mg/L) of cow dung are very high. The usual sewage treatment techniques such as flocculation and sedimentation, anaerobic biochemistry, aerobic biochemistry and other means are difficult to deal with. After the biogas slurry and the rich organic matter in the slurry and the rich organic matter in the slurry as the medium, the photosynthetic bacteria fermentation and its application are studied. Because both the slurry and the slurry are difficult to degrade, the colloid state is difficult to separate. Therefore, three kinds of flocculants, which are suitable for the cow dung thickened pulp, are first screened, and their solids are precipitated and the SS is reduced. Turbidity and chromaticity, the supernatant of cow dung, which can be used as the medium of photosynthetic bacteria, was obtained. At the same time, the selected flocculants were used in the treatment of biogas slurry. Then the supernatant of cow dung concentrated water was used as the culture medium of photosynthetic bacteria. The effect of the supernatant on the growth of photosynthetic bacteria by different flocculants treated with concentrated water was discussed, and the different inoculation amounts were analyzed. Light, adding nutrients (sodium acetate, ammonium chloride) and the growth trend of photosynthetic bacteria under partial cyclic continuous culture, the relative content of photosynthetic bacteria was detected and characterized by OD660 value method. In the experiment, the flocculant chitosan was used to concentrate the photosynthetic bacteria to obtain photosynthetic bacteria gel. Finally, the selected flocculant was used in the new Qingbaijiang pasture. The following main conclusions were obtained as follows: (1) three flocculants could produce flocculating effect on cow dung water, and the three flocculants could reduce the chromaticity of the three flocculants. To 94%, the removal rate of the turbidity of the chitosan and flocculant JP-1 can reach 99%. (2) after the flocculant JP-1 treatment of the thickening water supernatant of the cow dung, the supernatant of the biogas liquid and the reverse osmosis solution of the biogas liquid as the medium. The photosynthetic bacteria are inoculated with the photosynthetic bacteria, and the photosynthetic bacteria after 36 h all have obvious rapid growth phenomenon, and the other flocculants are used for the other flocculants. The flocculant LSR and chitosan were treated as medium and no photosynthetic bacteria growth. The reason may be that the flocculant LSR and flocculant chitosan in the supernatant of cow dung can inhibit the growth of photosynthetic bacteria. (3) the flocculant of this study is also suitable for the treatment of biogas slurry. The supernatant can also be used as medium to cultivate photosynthetic bacteria. The supernatant can be degraded into clear water and concentrated liquid by reverse osmosis. The clear water can reach the standard discharge, and the concentrated liquid can be used as medium to cultivate photosynthetic bacteria and successfully solve the subsequent treatment of biogas slurry. (4) in the medium of flocculant JP-1, the liquid supernatant of cow dung was treated as medium, at the temperature of 35.5 C, P H was 7.67-7.98, the inoculation amount was 10% (v:v), the 40 W incandescent light was cultured in 72 h, and the absorbance of the bacterial liquid could reach more than 2.2. And under the same condition, the light of the cow dung concentrated water supernatant could be used as the medium. The effect of sodium acetate and ammonium chloride on the growth of photosynthetic bacteria was little influenced by the addition of sodium acetate and ammonium chloride in the medium of strong water supernatant of cow dung. (5) the chitosan flocculant was used to concentrate the photosynthetic bacteria and formed a photosynthetic bacteria gel. When the dosage of chitosan was 0.02%, the maximum settlement efficiency of photosynthetic bacteria could reach to the maximum of 98%.. (5) The photosynthetic bacteria gel kept the bacterial activity for 6 months and recultured, recultured, and got the photosynthetic bacteria liquid of 2. (6) the study scheme was used in field test in pasture, and the new cow dung concentrated slurry was successfully separated from the pasture, and the strong liquid supernatant of cow dung was used in the factory to cultivate photosynthetic bacteria, and the average absorbance value was higher than 2.2. When applied to tobacco, onions and rice, the yield increased by 20.8%, 30% and 5.6%. respectively, with the separation of milk from cow dung and solid-liquid separation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X713
本文編號：2136726
[Abstract]:The rapid development of livestock and poultry production produces a large number of livestock and poultry excrement, untreated or untreated livestock and poultry manure seriously pollute the environment, affect people's production and life, cause a strong social discontent, and a series of environmental problems caused by livestock and poultry manure, which seriously impede the sustainable development of livestock and poultry industry in China. There are two main methods for the treatment of livestock and poultry farms. One is the direct fermentation of livestock and poultry manure to make biogas, but the residual methane is a high concentration of pollutants. There are still difficulties, difficult transportation and difficult storage. Biogas is the reutilization of new energy, but it is not a solution to environmental protection of livestock and poultry. The other is through the spiral. The extruder separates the solid liquid from the liquid and separates the dry matter from the liquid. The solid substance and liquid slurry with water content less than 65% are obtained. The solid substance is made into organic fertilizer by fermented composting, and the technology has been mature, but the water content of the liquid is up to 90%, especially the liquid thick pulp of milk cow dung, which is colloid, difficult to degrade and difficult to divide. In general, the COD (50000-90000 mg/L) and SS (60000-70000 mg/L) of cow dung are very high. The usual sewage treatment techniques such as flocculation and sedimentation, anaerobic biochemistry, aerobic biochemistry and other means are difficult to deal with. After the biogas slurry and the rich organic matter in the slurry and the rich organic matter in the slurry as the medium, the photosynthetic bacteria fermentation and its application are studied. Because both the slurry and the slurry are difficult to degrade, the colloid state is difficult to separate. Therefore, three kinds of flocculants, which are suitable for the cow dung thickened pulp, are first screened, and their solids are precipitated and the SS is reduced. Turbidity and chromaticity, the supernatant of cow dung, which can be used as the medium of photosynthetic bacteria, was obtained. At the same time, the selected flocculants were used in the treatment of biogas slurry. Then the supernatant of cow dung concentrated water was used as the culture medium of photosynthetic bacteria. The effect of the supernatant on the growth of photosynthetic bacteria by different flocculants treated with concentrated water was discussed, and the different inoculation amounts were analyzed. Light, adding nutrients (sodium acetate, ammonium chloride) and the growth trend of photosynthetic bacteria under partial cyclic continuous culture, the relative content of photosynthetic bacteria was detected and characterized by OD660 value method. In the experiment, the flocculant chitosan was used to concentrate the photosynthetic bacteria to obtain photosynthetic bacteria gel. Finally, the selected flocculant was used in the new Qingbaijiang pasture. The following main conclusions were obtained as follows: (1) three flocculants could produce flocculating effect on cow dung water, and the three flocculants could reduce the chromaticity of the three flocculants. To 94%, the removal rate of the turbidity of the chitosan and flocculant JP-1 can reach 99%. (2) after the flocculant JP-1 treatment of the thickening water supernatant of the cow dung, the supernatant of the biogas liquid and the reverse osmosis solution of the biogas liquid as the medium. The photosynthetic bacteria are inoculated with the photosynthetic bacteria, and the photosynthetic bacteria after 36 h all have obvious rapid growth phenomenon, and the other flocculants are used for the other flocculants. The flocculant LSR and chitosan were treated as medium and no photosynthetic bacteria growth. The reason may be that the flocculant LSR and flocculant chitosan in the supernatant of cow dung can inhibit the growth of photosynthetic bacteria. (3) the flocculant of this study is also suitable for the treatment of biogas slurry. The supernatant can also be used as medium to cultivate photosynthetic bacteria. The supernatant can be degraded into clear water and concentrated liquid by reverse osmosis. The clear water can reach the standard discharge, and the concentrated liquid can be used as medium to cultivate photosynthetic bacteria and successfully solve the subsequent treatment of biogas slurry. (4) in the medium of flocculant JP-1, the liquid supernatant of cow dung was treated as medium, at the temperature of 35.5 C, P H was 7.67-7.98, the inoculation amount was 10% (v:v), the 40 W incandescent light was cultured in 72 h, and the absorbance of the bacterial liquid could reach more than 2.2. And under the same condition, the light of the cow dung concentrated water supernatant could be used as the medium. The effect of sodium acetate and ammonium chloride on the growth of photosynthetic bacteria was little influenced by the addition of sodium acetate and ammonium chloride in the medium of strong water supernatant of cow dung. (5) the chitosan flocculant was used to concentrate the photosynthetic bacteria and formed a photosynthetic bacteria gel. When the dosage of chitosan was 0.02%, the maximum settlement efficiency of photosynthetic bacteria could reach to the maximum of 98%.. (5) The photosynthetic bacteria gel kept the bacterial activity for 6 months and recultured, recultured, and got the photosynthetic bacteria liquid of 2. (6) the study scheme was used in field test in pasture, and the new cow dung concentrated slurry was successfully separated from the pasture, and the strong liquid supernatant of cow dung was used in the factory to cultivate photosynthetic bacteria, and the average absorbance value was higher than 2.2. When applied to tobacco, onions and rice, the yield increased by 20.8%, 30% and 5.6%. respectively, with the separation of milk from cow dung and solid-liquid separation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X713
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