【摘要】：研究不同播期條件下氣象因子的變化與差異,分析氣象因子對油菜品種生長發(fā)育的影響,總結(jié)不同熟期油菜品種生長發(fā)育與溫光條件的關(guān)系,對實現(xiàn)油菜科學(xué)合理栽培、農(nóng)藝措施調(diào)控具有重要意義。本研究對主要來自長江流域的144個油菜品種進行了大田種植及生育期觀察比較,選擇不同熟期代表性的油菜品種(系)12個進行不同播期試驗及氣象因子分析,主要結(jié)果如下。1.不同品種的光溫特性分類。根據(jù)公因子模型的綜合得分來評價144個油菜品種材料的光溫特性,分為光溫敏感型和光溫鈍感型兩大類。發(fā)現(xiàn)光溫敏感型油菜品種的分枝部位明顯高于光溫鈍感型油菜品種。2.播期對油菜生育期的影響。12個品種的全生育期在9月20日到10月28日的5個播期間分別為201-228天、195-211天、190-211天、186-203天和183-203天,且各品種全生育期都是隨播期推遲而縮短。5個播期品種間的全生育期天數(shù)最大相差分別為24、21、17、13天,表明各品種的全生育期隨著播期的推遲差異變小。3.積溫對不同熟期油菜品種各生育時期的影響。2014-2017年三年試驗表明,不同品種從播種到成熟收獲所需積溫(≥0℃)最低值為1875.46℃d,出苗期、苗期、蕾薹期、花期和角果期階段需經(jīng)歷至少96.29℃d、609.84℃d、88.76℃d、170.44℃d和471.87℃d的積溫。不同品種整個生長發(fā)育期間所需要的積溫隨著播期的推遲而減少。2014-2015年5個播期所有品種在苗期、蕾薹期、花期和角果期所經(jīng)歷的積溫分別在609.84-1542.89℃d、88.93-364.04℃d、243.28-820.42℃d和448.82-744.81之間。4.平均溫度對油菜生長發(fā)育過程中各生育期階段的影響。從播種到出苗階段的天數(shù)會隨著平均溫度的降低而增加,不同熟期品種表現(xiàn)的趨勢一致;苗期天數(shù)則因為品種熟性不同而隨著平均溫度呈現(xiàn)不同的趨勢,早熟品種苗期天數(shù)隨著平均溫度降低而增加,中晚熟品種則表現(xiàn)隨平均溫度降低而減少的趨勢;蕾薹期除特早熟品種青雜7號以外,其他品種天數(shù)均隨平均溫度的降低而增加;花期除中雙11號,其他品種都隨著平均溫度的升高花期天數(shù)逐漸減少。角果成熟期間,各品種角果發(fā)育的時間隨著溫度的升高而減少。5.不同播期條件下各熟性油菜品種產(chǎn)量的差異。9月20日至10月30日的5個播期中,與第一個播期相比,每推遲一個播期產(chǎn)量分別下降5.42%、10.67%、17.86%和24.46%,但青雜7號則有不同,播期1到播期5產(chǎn)量有增加也有減少,每個播期相對第一個分別增產(chǎn)4.63%、因為早播有明顯的早薹早花現(xiàn)象,播期推遲產(chǎn)量反而有上升趨勢。6.氣象因子對不同熟期品種產(chǎn)量的影響。對于早熟油菜品種,對其產(chǎn)量起到直接正作用影響最大的是累計日照時數(shù),而中熟品種的產(chǎn)量受直接正作用最大的是積溫,晚熟品種則是輻射,氣象因子中對早、中、晚熟品種負作用最大的分別是降雨量、高溫和輻射、≥25℃天數(shù)。
[Abstract]:The changes and differences of meteorological factors under different sowing dates were studied, the effects of meteorological factors on the growth and development of rape varieties were analyzed, and the relationship between the growth and development of rape varieties at different mature stages and the conditions of temperature and light were summarized, so as to realize the scientific and reasonable cultivation of rapeseed. Agronomic measures are of great significance. In this study, 144 rapeseed varieties mainly from the Yangtze River Basin were observed and compared in field planting and growth period. Twelve rape varieties (lines) with different maturity stages were selected for different sowing time experiments and meteorological factor analysis. The main results were as follows: 1. Classification of light and temperature characteristics of different varieties. According to the comprehensive score of common factor model, the light and temperature characteristics of 144 rape varieties were evaluated and divided into two categories: light and temperature sensitive type and light and temperature insensitive type. It was found that the branching position of light and temperature sensitive rape varieties was significantly higher than that of light and temperature insensitive rape varieties. 2. The effect of sowing date on the growth period of rape. The total growth period of 12 varieties was 201-228 days, 195-211 days, 190-211 days, 186-203 days and 183-203 days, respectively, from September 20 to October 28, the five sowing periods were 201-228 days, 195-211 days, 190-211 days, 186-203 days, and 183-203 days, respectively. And the whole growth period of each variety was shortened with the delay of sowing date, and the maximum difference of the whole growing days among the five varieties was 24 ~ 21 ~ 1713 days, which indicated that the difference of the whole growth period of each variety was smaller with the delay of sowing date. Effects of accumulated temperature on different growing stages of rape varieties in different maturing stage. The results of three years' experiment in 2014-2017 showed that the minimum value of accumulated temperature (鈮，

本文編號：2137983