嶺南槭群落特征、色彩呈現(xiàn)及美景度研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-21 14:49
【摘要】：嶺南槭(Acer tutcheriDuthie)廣泛的分布于泛珠三角低山丘陵區(qū),是該地區(qū)典型的鄉(xiāng)土彩葉樹種。其春季新葉與秋冬季葉色艷麗,極具觀賞價值,可廣泛用于嶺南地區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)綠化。本研究以廣東省南嶺國家級自然保護區(qū)、黑石頂省級自然保護區(qū)和深圳大鵬半島國家地質公園七娘山的嶺南槭天然群落為對象,對嶺南槭群落特征、葉色表現(xiàn)以及觀賞期開展研究,探討影響嶺南槭葉色變化的關鍵環(huán)境因子,并采用美景度評價法(SBE)對不同天然群落葉色動態(tài)變化開展評價,建立嶺南槭美景度評價模型。研究結果表明:(1)不同區(qū)域嶺南槭天然群落物種組成較為豐富,其中南嶺樣地共出現(xiàn)維管植物214種,其豐富度最高,其次為黑石頂和七娘山。嶺南槭天然群落整體上徑級分布均呈倒“J”型,群落更新良好,其中黑石頂4cm徑級以下嶺南槭比例最高,達到57.14%,且該區(qū)域嶺南槭平均樹高達到15.1m,紅葉景觀效果最好。南嶺嶺南槭群落的物種多樣性指數均高于黑石頂和七娘山,說明南嶺嶺南槭群落穩(wěn)定性相對較好。所有區(qū)域主要木本植物總體關聯(lián)性呈顯著正相關(P0.05),其中以黑石頂嶺南槭所在天然群落正聯(lián)結性相對較強。因此在珠三角營建改造嶺南槭風景林時應適量補植幼苗,并參考黑石頂嶺南槭所在天然群落的植物搭配合理選擇樹種,提高嶺南槭風景林的物種多樣性和景觀效果。(2)嶺南槭紅葉期主要集中在9月至翌年1月,紅葉期持續(xù)時間最長的是黑石頂,持續(xù)時間為81~111天,其次為七娘山。葉色特征研究發(fā)現(xiàn),從10月上旬開始,嶺南槭葉色與環(huán)境本底色差值呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢,其中,黑石頂和南嶺在12月上半月達到峰值,分別為17.92NBS、26.20NBS,七娘山在12月下半月達到峰值,為24.71NBS。年周期色差值最大的地區(qū)是南嶺,說明該區(qū)嶺南槭彩葉景觀視覺效果相對較強烈。(3)色差分析顯示,南嶺嶺南槭最佳觀賞期為每年11月份,黑石頂嶺南槭最佳觀賞期為每年的11月上半月至12月上半月,七娘山嶺南槭最佳觀賞期為每年的11月下半月至12月下半月。其中高海拔的嶺南槭最佳觀賞期相對較短,比低海拔觀賞期持續(xù)時間短了半個月左右。七娘山嶺南槭紅葉期結束時間最遲,最佳觀賞期相對較長,有利于冬季觀賞紅葉景觀。(4)嶺南槭紅葉特征與環(huán)境因子存在顯著相關性(P0.05)。其中紅葉始期與經度、土壤速效K含量顯著正相關,最大色差值與速效K呈極顯著正相關,最佳觀賞期持續(xù)時間與海拔、有效Cu顯著負相關,最佳觀賞期的最大色差值與緯度極顯著負相關,紅葉期持續(xù)時間與全K呈顯著負相關,與有效P、有效Cu呈極顯著負相關;嶺南槭紅葉最佳觀賞期由北到南逐漸延遲;較低的海拔、經度、緯度較低,較低的土壤中全K、有效P、有效Cu的含量,較高的速效K含量有利于嶺南槭紅葉景觀的表達。(5)嶺南槭景觀美景度的分值相差較小,由高到底分別為黑石頂、七娘山、南嶺。其中黑石頂具有鮮亮紅色、紅葉比例超過2/3、色葉差異性較大、樹干較清晰的嶺南槭景觀美景度得分值較高。嶺南槭總體景觀美景度主要受到彩葉色澤、葉色差異性、樹葉疏密度、冠形、背景5個景觀因子影響。對模型分析表明:人們更偏好色澤鮮亮、與周圍葉色差異性較大、樹葉疏密度茂盛、非紡錘形的冠形的嶺南槭景觀。
[Abstract]:South of the Five Ridges maple (Acer tutcheriDuthie) is widely distributed in the low mountain and hilly area of the Pan Pearl River Delta. It is a typical native colored leaf tree in this area. The new leaf in spring and autumn and winter are bright and ornamental, and can be widely used in the urban greening of South of the Five Ridges. This study is a natural protection area of the Nanling National Level in Guangdong province and the provincial nature reserve of the black stone. With the natural community of South of the Five Ridges maple of the Shenzhen Dapeng National Geological Park, the National Geopark of July 7 Niang, the characteristics, leaf color and ornamental period of the Acer Maple community in south of the Five Ridges were studied, and the key environmental factors affecting the change of the leaf color of maple in south of the Five Ridges were discussed, and the dynamic changes of leaf color of different natural communities were evaluated by the beauty evaluation method (SBE), and south of the Five Ridges was established. The results showed that: (1) the species composition of the natural community of Acer Acer in south of the Five Ridges was rich in different regions, and 214 species of vascular plants were found in Nanling area, the richness was the highest, followed by the black stone top and the seven Niang mountain. The overall size distribution of the natural community of Acer Maple was inverted "J" type, and the community was well updated, of which the black stone top was 4C The proportion of South of the Five Ridges maple in south of the Five Ridges is the highest, reaching 57.14%, and the average tree height of maple in the south of the Five Ridges area is up to 15.1m, and the effect of red leaf landscape is the best. The species diversity index of the maple community in south of the Five Ridges of Nanling is higher than that of the black stone top and the seven Niang mountains, which indicates that the stability of the maple community in south of the Five Ridges is relatively good. Positive correlation (P0.05), of which the natural community of South of the Five Ridges maple of black stone is relatively strong. Therefore, in the construction and transformation of South of the Five Ridges Maple scenic forest in the Pearl River Delta, some plants should be replanted and the plants of the natural community of the black stone top of the Acer maple in south of the Five Ridges should be selected to choose the tree species to improve the species diversity and landscape effect of the south of the Five Ridges Maple landscape forest. The red leaf period of South of the Five Ridges Maple mainly concentrated from September to January of the next year. The longest duration of the red leaf period was the black stone top, and the duration was 81~111 days, followed by the seven Niang mountains. The leaf color characteristics of the south of the Five Ridges maple leaf color and the background color difference showed a rising trend from the first ten days of October, of which the black stone top and the Nanling peak reached the peak in the first half of December. 17.92NBS, 26.20NBS, and seven Niang mountains peak in the second half of the month of 12. The area of the largest 24.71NBS. period color difference is Nanling. It shows that the visual effect of the color leaf landscape of South of the Five Ridges maple is relatively strong. (3) the color difference analysis shows that the best ornamental period of maple in south of the Five Ridges of Nanling is November, and the best viewing period of the black stone top of South of the Five Ridges maple is 11 a year. From the first half of the month to the first half of December, the best ornamental period of maple Acer in the south of July is the next half of the year from 11 to the second half of the month of 12. The best viewing period of Acer Acer in high altitude is relatively short, and it is half a month shorter than the low altitude viewing period. The best ornamental period is relatively long and the best viewing period is relatively long, and the best viewing period is relatively long. (4) there was a significant correlation between the characteristics of the red leaf of South of the Five Ridges maple and the environmental factors (P0.05). The beginning of the red leaf was significantly positively correlated with the longitude, the soil quick effect K content, the maximum color difference was significantly positively correlated with the available K, and the best viewing duration was negatively correlated with the effective Cu, and the maximum color difference of the best viewing period. There is a significant negative correlation between the value and latitude. The duration of the red leaf period is negatively correlated with the whole K, and is negatively correlated with the effective P and effective Cu; the best viewing period of the red leaf of South of the Five Ridges maple is delayed gradually from north to South; the lower altitude, longitude, latitude are lower, the lower soil is all K, effective P, the content of effective Cu, and the higher available K content is beneficial to the maple of maple. The expression of red leaf landscape. (5) the difference of landscape beauty of South of the Five Ridges Maple landscape is small, from high to black stone top, seven Niang mountain, Nanling. The black stone top is bright red, the proportion of red leaf is more than 2/3, the difference of color leaf is larger, the landscape of Acer Maple with clear trunk is higher. The overall landscape beauty of South of the Five Ridges maple is mainly affected by the landscape of South of the Five Ridges maple. Color color, color difference, leaf density, leaf density, crown shape and background are the 5 landscape factors. Model analysis shows that people prefer bright color, large difference with surrounding leaf color, dense leaf density, non spindle shaped crown of South of the Five Ridges Maple landscape.
【學位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學研究院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S687
本文編號：2135874
[Abstract]:South of the Five Ridges maple (Acer tutcheriDuthie) is widely distributed in the low mountain and hilly area of the Pan Pearl River Delta. It is a typical native colored leaf tree in this area. The new leaf in spring and autumn and winter are bright and ornamental, and can be widely used in the urban greening of South of the Five Ridges. This study is a natural protection area of the Nanling National Level in Guangdong province and the provincial nature reserve of the black stone. With the natural community of South of the Five Ridges maple of the Shenzhen Dapeng National Geological Park, the National Geopark of July 7 Niang, the characteristics, leaf color and ornamental period of the Acer Maple community in south of the Five Ridges were studied, and the key environmental factors affecting the change of the leaf color of maple in south of the Five Ridges were discussed, and the dynamic changes of leaf color of different natural communities were evaluated by the beauty evaluation method (SBE), and south of the Five Ridges was established. The results showed that: (1) the species composition of the natural community of Acer Acer in south of the Five Ridges was rich in different regions, and 214 species of vascular plants were found in Nanling area, the richness was the highest, followed by the black stone top and the seven Niang mountain. The overall size distribution of the natural community of Acer Maple was inverted "J" type, and the community was well updated, of which the black stone top was 4C The proportion of South of the Five Ridges maple in south of the Five Ridges is the highest, reaching 57.14%, and the average tree height of maple in the south of the Five Ridges area is up to 15.1m, and the effect of red leaf landscape is the best. The species diversity index of the maple community in south of the Five Ridges of Nanling is higher than that of the black stone top and the seven Niang mountains, which indicates that the stability of the maple community in south of the Five Ridges is relatively good. Positive correlation (P0.05), of which the natural community of South of the Five Ridges maple of black stone is relatively strong. Therefore, in the construction and transformation of South of the Five Ridges Maple scenic forest in the Pearl River Delta, some plants should be replanted and the plants of the natural community of the black stone top of the Acer maple in south of the Five Ridges should be selected to choose the tree species to improve the species diversity and landscape effect of the south of the Five Ridges Maple landscape forest. The red leaf period of South of the Five Ridges Maple mainly concentrated from September to January of the next year. The longest duration of the red leaf period was the black stone top, and the duration was 81~111 days, followed by the seven Niang mountains. The leaf color characteristics of the south of the Five Ridges maple leaf color and the background color difference showed a rising trend from the first ten days of October, of which the black stone top and the Nanling peak reached the peak in the first half of December. 17.92NBS, 26.20NBS, and seven Niang mountains peak in the second half of the month of 12. The area of the largest 24.71NBS. period color difference is Nanling. It shows that the visual effect of the color leaf landscape of South of the Five Ridges maple is relatively strong. (3) the color difference analysis shows that the best ornamental period of maple in south of the Five Ridges of Nanling is November, and the best viewing period of the black stone top of South of the Five Ridges maple is 11 a year. From the first half of the month to the first half of December, the best ornamental period of maple Acer in the south of July is the next half of the year from 11 to the second half of the month of 12. The best viewing period of Acer Acer in high altitude is relatively short, and it is half a month shorter than the low altitude viewing period. The best ornamental period is relatively long and the best viewing period is relatively long, and the best viewing period is relatively long. (4) there was a significant correlation between the characteristics of the red leaf of South of the Five Ridges maple and the environmental factors (P0.05). The beginning of the red leaf was significantly positively correlated with the longitude, the soil quick effect K content, the maximum color difference was significantly positively correlated with the available K, and the best viewing duration was negatively correlated with the effective Cu, and the maximum color difference of the best viewing period. There is a significant negative correlation between the value and latitude. The duration of the red leaf period is negatively correlated with the whole K, and is negatively correlated with the effective P and effective Cu; the best viewing period of the red leaf of South of the Five Ridges maple is delayed gradually from north to South; the lower altitude, longitude, latitude are lower, the lower soil is all K, effective P, the content of effective Cu, and the higher available K content is beneficial to the maple of maple. The expression of red leaf landscape. (5) the difference of landscape beauty of South of the Five Ridges Maple landscape is small, from high to black stone top, seven Niang mountain, Nanling. The black stone top is bright red, the proportion of red leaf is more than 2/3, the difference of color leaf is larger, the landscape of Acer Maple with clear trunk is higher. The overall landscape beauty of South of the Five Ridges maple is mainly affected by the landscape of South of the Five Ridges maple. Color color, color difference, leaf density, leaf density, crown shape and background are the 5 landscape factors. Model analysis shows that people prefer bright color, large difference with surrounding leaf color, dense leaf density, non spindle shaped crown of South of the Five Ridges Maple landscape.
【學位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學研究院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S687
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