滴灌條件下玉米施氮制度優(yōu)化研究
[Abstract]:In order to understand the role of drip fertilization technology in grain production and to further explore the rational nitrogen application model, the experiment was conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen application and nitrogen application times on Maize morphological indexes, photosynthetic characteristics, nutrient and yield under the condition of drip fertigation. In order to achieve high quality, high yield, improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization and give full play to the role of drip fertilization technology in increasing grain yield, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) when the number of nitrogen application is fixed and the amount of nitrogen application is 75~225 kg/hm2, the plant height and leaf area index of jade rice are raised with the increase of nitrogen application. High trend, 225 kg/hm2 nitrogen treatment plant height than 175kg/hm2125kg/hm2,75 kg/hm2 and CK treatment increased 11%, 16.2%, 23.9% and 28.9%; 225 kg/hm2 application of nitrogen treatment leaf area index more than 175 kg/hm2125 kg/hm2,75 kg/hm2 and CK treatment average growth 3.3%, 8.1%, 12.5% and 17.1%. when nitrogen fertilizer application conditions, under the condition of nitrogen treatment under the condition of maize plant The height and leaf area index (height and leaf area index) were greater than 2 and 3 nitrogen treatments at most stages of the growth period. Nitrogen application after the filling period had little effect on plant height. A large amount of nitrogen application at the jointing stage could significantly increase the plant height and leaf area index of Maize, and the stages of nitrogen application could slow the senescence of leaves and promote the fruit development in the late stage of maize growth. (2) when nitrogen application was fixed and nitrogen application was 75~225 kg/hm2, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency were increased, and the concentration of intercellular C02 was reduced. When nitrogen application was fixed, the photosynthetic capacity of leaves was higher in the early stage of maize breeding, and the photosynthesis decreased obviously in the later period of maize breeding. At the filling stage, the water use efficiency of the 3 nitrogen treatment leaves was 1.01 and 1.03 times that of the 1 nitrogen treatment. In the mature period, the net photosynthetic rate of the 3 nitrogen treatment remained high, 1.13 and 1.40 times that of the 2 and 1 nitrogen treatments respectively, while the 3 nitrogen application and 1 nitrogen application could delay the decrease of photosynthetic capacity in the late period of maize growth. (3) from the whole growth period, the amount of dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation in each growth period of maize increased with the increase of nitrogen application, which was the most obvious after the grain filling period. When the amount of nitrogen application was fixed, the 3 nitrogen application treatment was after the maize fertility. The accumulation and accumulation rate of dry matter were significantly higher than that of 2 and 1 nitrogen treatments. In the filling period, the dry matter accumulation of the 3 nitrogen treatments increased by 4.3% and the nitrogen application rate of the 1 times increased by 4.3% and the nitrogen application rate of 8.8%. was less than the nitrogen application. The nitrogen accumulation of maize was increased only in the short term by the 1 large amount of nitrogen application. The method met the nutrient requirement in the late period of maize growth and was not conducive to the absorption and utilization of nutrients in the whole growth period. (4) the study showed that when nitrogen application was 75~225 kg/hm2, the yield of maize increased with the increase of nitrogen application. Under the same amount of nitrogen application, the yield of 3 nitrogen treatments increased by 5.4% and 9.5% compared with the 2 and 1 nitrogen treatments. With the increase of nitrogen application, nitrogen fertilizer utilization, nitrogen fertilizer efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity showed a decrease trend in different degrees. Under the same nitrogen application, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, nitrogen fertilizer efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity were significantly higher than 2 and 1 nitrogen application treatments at the same nitrogen application rate. (5) in this study, the nitrogen fertilizer treatment was not applied to the nitrogen fertilizer application. In comparison, with the increase of nitrogen application, the protein, fat and starch content of corn grain showed an increasing trend. When the total nitrogen application was fixed, the protein content of the 3 nitrogen treatments increased by 3.7% and 2.5% compared with the 2 and 1 nitrogen treatments, the fat content increased by 2.1% and 2.1%, and the starch content increased by 1.2% and 1.6%. (6) through the principal component. Analysis was made on the yield and quality of maize. When the nitrogen application model was T3N4 and T3N3 (3 times Shi Dan and 175 ~ 225kg/hm2), the main component score was the highest, and the yield and quality reached the optimal state in all treatments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號(hào)】:S513
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