發(fā)布時間：2018-07-16 22:50

【摘要】：水稻是我國最重要的糧食作物,倒伏是水稻生產(chǎn)的重要限制因素,不僅嚴重影響產(chǎn)量,而且直接降低品質(zhì)。生物炭對改良土壤理化性質(zhì),提高肥料利用效率,促進農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展等都具有重要作用。迄今對水稻抗倒伏性和生物炭農(nóng)業(yè)應(yīng)用都進行了廣泛研究,但是將生物炭與水稻抗倒伏性聯(lián)系起來的報道不多。本文以抗倒伏性有顯著差異的沈農(nóng)265和秋田小町為試材,研究了生物炭對水稻莖稈抗倒性及生長發(fā)育的影響,探索通過生物炭提高水稻抗倒伏性的新途徑。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.研究施炭量對莖稈抗倒伏性影響的結(jié)果表明,兩品種不同施炭處理莖稈抗折力都有所提高,其中20t/hm2和40t/hm2處理的抗折力效果最顯著。兩品種各節(jié)間倒伏指數(shù)處理間均沒有顯著性差異,但不同施炭處理的倒伏指數(shù)均有小于不施炭處理的趨勢,兩品種不同節(jié)間呈現(xiàn)出20t/hm2和40t/hm2處理倒伏指數(shù)最小。2.研究施炭量對莖稈形態(tài)及解剖結(jié)構(gòu)影響的結(jié)果表明,兩品種不同處理間株高、節(jié)間長度、莖粗均未達到顯著水平,株高及節(jié)間長度隨著施炭量增加呈逐漸增加趨勢,莖粗均表現(xiàn)為施炭處理大于不施炭處理的趨勢。兩品種維管束性狀有隨施炭量增加而改善的趨勢,沈農(nóng)265 10t/hm2和40t/hm2處理顯著增加大小維管束數(shù)目,秋田小町40t/hm2處理顯著增加小維管束數(shù)目。沈農(nóng)265 10t/hm2處理的大維管束面積、大維管束木質(zhì)部面積、大維管束韌皮部面積顯著增加,而40t/hm2處理小維管束面積、小維管束木質(zhì)部面積均顯著增加。秋田小町10t/hm2和40t/hm2處理的大維管束木質(zhì)部而積、20t/hm2處理的大維管束韌皮部面積顯著增加。3.研究施炭量對莖稈化學(xué)成分影響的結(jié)果表明,兩品種不同施炭處理的淀粉含量、木質(zhì)素含量有高于不施炭處理的趨勢,40t/hm2處理能夠顯著提高沈農(nóng)265莖稈淀粉和木質(zhì)素含量。兩品種不同施炭處理莖稈的全鉀含量大多高于不施炭處理,沈農(nóng)26510t/hm2、40t/hm2處理莖稈的全鉀含量顯著高于不施炭處理,秋田小町相應(yīng)指標處理間差異均不顯著。4.兩品種不同處理齊穗期、成熟期生物量有所增加,但是均無顯著性差異,不同處理經(jīng)濟系數(shù)沒有明顯變化。沈農(nóng)265不同施炭處理產(chǎn)量均高于不施炭處理,且隨著施炭量的增加有逐漸增大的趨勢。秋田小町只有20t/hm2處理的產(chǎn)量高于不施炭處理。兩品種有效穗數(shù)隨著施炭量的增加呈現(xiàn)出先增加后降低的趨勢。5.沈農(nóng)265 10t/hm2處理糙米率、精米率均顯著高于不施炭處理,秋田小町不同處(?)理間無顯著差異,兩品種外觀品質(zhì)處理間均無顯著差異。盡管差異沒有達到顯著水平,但是不同施炭處理兩品種食味品質(zhì)均有一定程度改善。沈農(nóng)265 20t/hm2處理的最高粘度和崩解值最高,消減值最小;秋田小町40t/hm2處理的最高粘度和崩解值最高,消減值最小。
[Abstract]:Rice is the most important grain crop in China. Lodging is an important limiting factor for rice production. It not only affects the yield seriously, but also reduces the quality directly. The biological carbon is important for improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, improving the efficiency of fertilizer use and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. Extensive studies have been carried out, but there are few reports on the relationship between biological charcoal and rice lodging resistance. In this paper, Shen Nong 265 and Akita Xiao CHO, which have significant difference in lodging resistance, have studied the effects of biological charcoal on the resistance and growth of rice stem, and explore a new way to improve the lodging resistance of rice through raw carbon. The results are as follows: 1. the results of the effect of the amount of carbon on the lodging resistance of the stem showed that the flexure resistance of the two varieties was improved, and the flexural effect of 20t/hm2 and 40t/hm2 treatment was the most significant. There was no significant difference between the two varieties of internode lodging index treatment, but the lodging index of different charcoal treatments were all Less than no carbon treatment, the effects of 20t/hm2 and 40t/hm2 on the minimum.2. of lodging index in different internodes showed that the effects of carbon amount on the morphological and anatomical structure of the stems of the two varieties showed that the height of the two varieties was high, the length of internode and the stem diameter did not reach the significant level, and the plant height and the internode length increased gradually with the increase of carbon application. The trend of the growth trend was that the stem diameter was higher than that of non carbon treatment. Two varieties of vascular bundles had a tendency to improve with the increase of carbon application. Shen Nong 265 10t/hm2 and 40t/hm2 significantly increased the number of vascular bundles. The number of small vascular bundles was significantly increased by 40t/hm2 treatment in Akita Xiao Chi. The large vascular bundles treated by Shen Nong 265 10t/hm2 Area, the area of xylem in large vascular bundle, the area of the phloem of large vascular bundle increased significantly, while the area of small vascular bundle in 40t/hm2 treated small vascular bundles increased significantly. The xylem area of the large vascular bundles treated by 10t/hm2 and 40t/hm2 in Akita was accumulated. The area of the phloem of the large vascular bundle treated by 20t/hm2 was significantly increased by.3. and the amount of carbon applied to the stem. The results of chemical composition of stem showed that the content of starch and lignin in two varieties treated by two varieties was higher than that of non carbon treatment. The content of starch and lignin in Shen Nong 265 stems could be significantly increased by 40t/hm2 treatment. The total potassium content of two varieties treated with different charcoal treatments was much higher than that of non carbon treatment, Shen Nong 26510t/hm2,40t/hm. The total potassium content of 2 treated stems was significantly higher than that of non carbon treatment, and there was no significant difference between.4. two and different treatments, but there was no significant difference in the mature period, but there was no significant difference in the economic coefficient. The yield of Shennong 265 was higher than that of non carbon application. With the increase of carbon application, the yield of the only 20t/hm2 treated in Akita was higher than that of non carbon treatment. The effective spike number of two varieties increased first and then decreased with the increase of carbon amount,.5. Shen Nong 265 10t/hm2 treated brown rice rate, and the rate of fine rice was higher than that of non carbon treatment, and the difference between Akita and Cho was different (?) There was no significant difference between the two varieties, although there was no significant difference between the appearance quality treatment of the two varieties. Although the difference did not reach the significant level, the taste quality of two varieties was improved to some extent. The highest viscosity and disintegration value of Shen Nong 265 20t/hm2 treatment was the lowest; the highest viscosity and avalanche treated by 40t/hm2 in Akita Xiao - Chi The value of solution is the highest and the subtractive value is the smallest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S511
，

本文編號：2127911