湖南紅壤地油茶林不同除草方式比較研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-13 08:47
【摘要】：雜草是南方丘陵紅壤地區(qū)油茶新造林的一大危害,雜草防除是提高新造林成活率和促進(jìn)幼樹生長(zhǎng)的重要措施。油茶林地雜草發(fā)生規(guī)律的研究以及不同除草方式對(duì)油茶林地造成的影響的研究基本為空白。本研究在試驗(yàn)觀測(cè)油茶幼林雜草發(fā)生規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)置覆膜除草、割草-埋草、化學(xué)除草、空白對(duì)照4個(gè)處理,研究了不同除草方式對(duì)雜草生長(zhǎng)、林地土壤理化性質(zhì)及油茶樹體生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的影響,旨在探索油茶幼林林地有效的除草方式,為實(shí)踐生產(chǎn)提供科學(xué)的理論指導(dǎo)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)在典型南方丘陵紅壤地區(qū)油茶幼林雜草種類多,滋生快,主要雜草有22科43種,其中禾本科雜草占總雜草數(shù)的23%,闊葉雜草占總雜草數(shù)的77%;其中一年生雜草有9種,占總雜草數(shù)的21%,多年生雜草有34種,占總雜草數(shù)的 79%。(2)3種除草方式均能有效抑制雜草的生長(zhǎng),但覆膜除草方式對(duì)雜草的抑制效果不顯著(P0.05),相比之下,割草-埋草處理及化學(xué)除草處理對(duì)雜草的抑制效果更為顯著。(3)割草-埋草可提高0-20cm 土層土壤pH值5.9%,提高20-40cm 土層土壤pH值5.5%,與覆膜除草、化學(xué)除草、空白處理相比,割草-埋草處理對(duì)于土壤pH值的增加差異顯著(P0.05)。(4)割草-埋草可提高0-20cm 土層土壤含水率2.3%,提高20-40cm 土層土壤含水率2.7%,化學(xué)除草可提高0-20cm 土層土壤含水率7.2%,提高20-40cm土層土壤含水率5.8%,覆膜除草則變化不大,而空白對(duì)照含水率有明顯下降,對(duì)于土壤含水率的影響,化學(xué)除草割草-埋草覆膜除草空白對(duì)照。(5)割草-埋草可降低0-20cm 土層土壤容重15.2%,降低20-40cm 土層土壤容重16.4%,化學(xué)除草可降低0-20cm 土層土壤容重15.0%,降低20-40cm 土層土壤容重14.0%,覆膜除草與空白對(duì)照土壤的容重均變化不大,對(duì)于土壤容重的降低以及土壤孔隙度的改善,割草-埋草化學(xué)除草覆膜除草空白對(duì)照。(6)割草-埋草土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、速效氮含量、速效磷含量、速效鉀含量在0-20cm 土層分別比對(duì)照高 12.36%、14.56%、36.46%、10.28%,割草-埋草土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、速效氮含量、速效磷含量、速效鉀含量在20-40cm 土層分別比對(duì)照高14.2%、12.98%、42.45%、10.40%;化學(xué)除草可以維持土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量不下降,并且對(duì)0-20cm 土層的影響與20-40cm 土層相似。對(duì)于土壤肥力的改善,割草-埋草化學(xué)除草覆膜除草空白對(duì)照。(7)割草-埋草處理促進(jìn)了油茶幼樹樹體的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,其中春季樹高增長(zhǎng)量、夏季冠幅增長(zhǎng)量、春季地徑生長(zhǎng)量、夏季地徑增長(zhǎng)量、春梢粗度、夏梢粗度割草-埋草處理優(yōu)勢(shì)最明顯,分別高出對(duì)照100%、118.18%、48.02%、63.70%、25.15%、19.93%;化學(xué)除草處理也能略微促進(jìn)油茶幼樹樹體的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,但不顯著(P0.05),而覆膜除草及空白對(duì)照則對(duì)油茶幼樹樹體的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育無促進(jìn)作用,因此對(duì)于油茶樹體的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的影響,割草-埋草化學(xué)除草覆膜除草空白對(duì)照。
[Abstract]:Weed control is a great harm to the new afforestation of Camellia oleifera in the southern hilly red soil area. Weed control is an important measure to improve the survival rate of new afforestation and promote the growth of young trees. The study on the occurrence regularity of weeds and the influence of different weeding methods on the oil tea plantation is basically blank. On the basis of observing the occurrence regularity of weeds in young Camellia oleifera forest, four treatments including mulch mulching, mowing-burying grass, chemical weeding and blank control were used to study the growth of weeds in different herbicides. The effects of soil physical and chemical properties and the growth and development of Camellia oleifera on the growth and development of Camellia oleifera were studied in order to explore the effective weeding methods and provide scientific theoretical guidance for the practical production of Camellia oleifera. The main results are as follows: (1) in the typical southern hilly red soil region, there are many species of weeds in young Camellia oleifera forest, and there are 43 species of main weeds belonging to 22 families. Among them, grasses account for 23% of the total weeds, broadleaf weeds account for 77% of the total weeds, among them, there are 9 species of annual weeds, accounting for 21% of the total number of weeds, 34 species of perennial weeds, accounting for 79% of the total number of weeds. (2) the growth of weeds can be effectively inhibited by three kinds of herbicides. However, the effect of film mulching and weeding on weeds was not significant (P0.05). (3) the soil pH value of 0-20cm soil layer was increased by 5.9m, and the soil pH value of 20-40cm soil layer was increased by 5.5g, compared with mulching, chemical weeding and blank treatment, compared with mulching, chemical weeding, and blank treatment, the effect of mowing, burying grass and chemical herbicide on weeds was more obvious. (3) the soil pH value of 0-20cm soil layer was increased by 5.9. There were significant differences in soil pH between mowing and burying grass treatment (P0.05). (4). Mowing and burying grass could increase soil moisture content of 0-20cm soil layer by 2.3 and 20-40cm soil moisture content by 2.7 percent. Chemical weeding treatment could increase soil moisture content of 0-20cm soil layer by 7.2 and 20-40cm soil layer. Soil moisture content was 5.8%, but mulching and weeding had little change. However, the water content of the blank control decreased obviously, which affected the soil moisture content. (5) the soil bulk density of 0-20cm soil layer was decreased by mowing and burying grass, and the soil bulk density of 20-40cm soil layer was decreased by 16.4%. Chemical weeding could reduce the soil bulk density of 0-20cm soil layer by 15.0%, decrease the soil bulk density of 20-40cm soil layer by 14.0%, and reduce the soil bulk density of 20-40cm soil layer. The bulk density of soil treated with film weeding and blank control did not change much. For the reduction of soil bulk density and the improvement of soil porosity, the soil organic matter content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, and chemical herbicidal mulching control were compared. The content of available potassium in 0-20cm soil layer was 12.36% higher than that in control soil layer, respectively. The soil organic matter content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content in the soil layer of grass mowing and burying grass were 14.212.98 and 42.450.400.The content of organic matter was not decreased by chemical weeding. The effect on 0-20cm soil layer is similar to that on 20-40cm soil layer. For the improvement of soil fertility, the blank control was mowed with chemical herbicide and covered with film. (7) mowing and burying promoted the growth and development of Camellia oleifera young trees, including the growth of tree height in spring, the increase of crown amplitude in summer, and the growth of ground diameter in spring. The growth of ground diameter in summer, the diameter of spring shoot, the degree of diameter of summer shoot, the advantage of mowing grass and burying grass in summer were the most obvious, which were higher than that of the control 100, 118.18 and 48.02and 63.70 respectively. The chemical weeding treatment could also slightly promote the growth and development of Camellia oleifera saplings, and the growth and development of young Camellia oleifera trees were also slightly promoted by chemical weeding treatment. But it was not significant (P0.05), but the film mulching and blank control had no effect on the growth and development of Camellia oleifera saplings, so the effect on the growth and development of Camellia oleifera was not significant (P0.05).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S794.4;S765
，
本文編號(hào)：2118819
[Abstract]:Weed control is a great harm to the new afforestation of Camellia oleifera in the southern hilly red soil area. Weed control is an important measure to improve the survival rate of new afforestation and promote the growth of young trees. The study on the occurrence regularity of weeds and the influence of different weeding methods on the oil tea plantation is basically blank. On the basis of observing the occurrence regularity of weeds in young Camellia oleifera forest, four treatments including mulch mulching, mowing-burying grass, chemical weeding and blank control were used to study the growth of weeds in different herbicides. The effects of soil physical and chemical properties and the growth and development of Camellia oleifera on the growth and development of Camellia oleifera were studied in order to explore the effective weeding methods and provide scientific theoretical guidance for the practical production of Camellia oleifera. The main results are as follows: (1) in the typical southern hilly red soil region, there are many species of weeds in young Camellia oleifera forest, and there are 43 species of main weeds belonging to 22 families. Among them, grasses account for 23% of the total weeds, broadleaf weeds account for 77% of the total weeds, among them, there are 9 species of annual weeds, accounting for 21% of the total number of weeds, 34 species of perennial weeds, accounting for 79% of the total number of weeds. (2) the growth of weeds can be effectively inhibited by three kinds of herbicides. However, the effect of film mulching and weeding on weeds was not significant (P0.05). (3) the soil pH value of 0-20cm soil layer was increased by 5.9m, and the soil pH value of 20-40cm soil layer was increased by 5.5g, compared with mulching, chemical weeding and blank treatment, compared with mulching, chemical weeding, and blank treatment, the effect of mowing, burying grass and chemical herbicide on weeds was more obvious. (3) the soil pH value of 0-20cm soil layer was increased by 5.9. There were significant differences in soil pH between mowing and burying grass treatment (P0.05). (4). Mowing and burying grass could increase soil moisture content of 0-20cm soil layer by 2.3 and 20-40cm soil moisture content by 2.7 percent. Chemical weeding treatment could increase soil moisture content of 0-20cm soil layer by 7.2 and 20-40cm soil layer. Soil moisture content was 5.8%, but mulching and weeding had little change. However, the water content of the blank control decreased obviously, which affected the soil moisture content. (5) the soil bulk density of 0-20cm soil layer was decreased by mowing and burying grass, and the soil bulk density of 20-40cm soil layer was decreased by 16.4%. Chemical weeding could reduce the soil bulk density of 0-20cm soil layer by 15.0%, decrease the soil bulk density of 20-40cm soil layer by 14.0%, and reduce the soil bulk density of 20-40cm soil layer. The bulk density of soil treated with film weeding and blank control did not change much. For the reduction of soil bulk density and the improvement of soil porosity, the soil organic matter content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, and chemical herbicidal mulching control were compared. The content of available potassium in 0-20cm soil layer was 12.36% higher than that in control soil layer, respectively. The soil organic matter content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content in the soil layer of grass mowing and burying grass were 14.212.98 and 42.450.400.The content of organic matter was not decreased by chemical weeding. The effect on 0-20cm soil layer is similar to that on 20-40cm soil layer. For the improvement of soil fertility, the blank control was mowed with chemical herbicide and covered with film. (7) mowing and burying promoted the growth and development of Camellia oleifera young trees, including the growth of tree height in spring, the increase of crown amplitude in summer, and the growth of ground diameter in spring. The growth of ground diameter in summer, the diameter of spring shoot, the degree of diameter of summer shoot, the advantage of mowing grass and burying grass in summer were the most obvious, which were higher than that of the control 100, 118.18 and 48.02and 63.70 respectively. The chemical weeding treatment could also slightly promote the growth and development of Camellia oleifera saplings, and the growth and development of young Camellia oleifera trees were also slightly promoted by chemical weeding treatment. But it was not significant (P0.05), but the film mulching and blank control had no effect on the growth and development of Camellia oleifera saplings, so the effect on the growth and development of Camellia oleifera was not significant (P0.05).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S794.4;S765
，
本文編號(hào)：2118819
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