本文選題：甘蔗 + 分子標記　； 參考：《福建農(nóng)林大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：品種遺傳多樣性和指紋圖譜是育種、品種權(quán)保護和新品種推廣等工作的重要基礎(chǔ)。在雜交育種工作中,種質(zhì)資源的遺傳距離可以作為親本選擇的依據(jù),親本間較高的遺傳距離可以提高F1代中出現(xiàn)更強雜種優(yōu)勢的可能;品種權(quán)保護工作中DNA分子指紋可以作為品種的"身份證",精確地判別品種的真實身份;品種推廣也需要鑒定組合推廣品種的遺傳背景以及新推廣品種與已大面積推廣品種之間的遺傳相似度,作為新品種推廣的指導。本研究利用9對AFLP引物和15對SSR引物掃描38個來自國家甘蔗品種區(qū)域試驗的甘蔗新品種(系)的全基因組,獲得這些品種(系)豐富的指紋數(shù)據(jù),繼而分析鑒定甘蔗種質(zhì)資源遺傳多樣性、構(gòu)建甘蔗品種(系)的DNA分子指紋庫,預期能夠為甘蔗育種親本選擇提供分子水平的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。本研究得出的結(jié)果有如下幾點。(1)AFLP標記9對引物組合共擴增出348個位點,多態(tài)性位點有248個,多態(tài)性比率為72.26%;SSR標記15對引物共擴增出180個位點,多態(tài)性位點有176個,多態(tài)性比率為97.78%。通過NTSYS 2.10e軟件計算,38個甘蔗新品種(系)遺傳相似系數(shù)分布在0.668-0.847間,由此可見這38個甘蔗新品種(系)遺傳背景接近;此外,兩種分子標記技術(shù)引物的平均PIC值分別為0.971和0.920,說明這兩種標記技術(shù)具有很高的品種鑒別力,對后續(xù)的群體遺傳基礎(chǔ)判定、群體劃分以及主成分分析等相關(guān)工作奠定了可靠的基礎(chǔ)。(2)本研究創(chuàng)新使用箱線圖研究品種遺傳相似系數(shù)的分布特征,根據(jù)分布特征可以判定38個甘蔗品種(系)的遺傳基礎(chǔ)。結(jié)果顯示,總體(ALL)38份甘蔗品種(系)和各系列(FN、MT、YZ、YG和GT)甘蔗品種(系)內(nèi)部的遺傳相似性系數(shù)分布范圍都在0.680～0.830之間,且均向0.725-0.770間集中。FN系列甘蔗品種(系)遺傳相似系數(shù)集中范圍與YZ系列甘蔗品種接近,并且與38個甘蔗品種(系)總體的相似系數(shù)集中范圍接近;另外,GT系列甘蔗品種(系)相比其他系列甘蔗品種(系),其遺傳相似系數(shù)集中范圍處在較低水平;YG系列甘蔗品種相比其他系列甘蔗品種,其遺傳相似系數(shù)集中范圍處在較高水平。(3)通過UPGMA聚類算法對38個品種(系)進行群體劃分。聚類分析顯示,在遺傳相似系數(shù)為0.736處,可將這38個新品種(系)劃分成兩個群體。其中,福農(nóng)09-2201和桂糖06-1492作為一個小群體被單獨劃分出來,說明兩個品種(系)在整個群體中具有較高的特異性。另外,在遺傳相似系數(shù)為0.770處劃分出一個包括參照品種ROC22在內(nèi)的子群體a,該群體中還包括福農(nóng)07-3206、福農(nóng)40、海蔗22、桂糖09-12和柳城07-150等品種。ROC22作為當前推廣面積最大的甘蔗品種,其高產(chǎn)、高糖、強宿根性等優(yōu)良特性已得到廣大種植戶的認可。在品種推廣時,除了考慮推廣品種與主栽品種ROC22的遺傳距離外,也需要考慮它與ROC22在產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)性狀上的相似性,以此來獲得種植戶的認可,增加其推廣的可能性。鑒于同一子群體中不同品種的遺傳相似性較高,這些品種更有可能獲得與ROC22類似的優(yōu)良特性,具有良好的推廣潛力。但是,在選擇與ROC22同時同地推廣的品種時,需要選擇與ROC22遺傳距離較遠的品種,以增加甘蔗群體對不良環(huán)境的抗性。另外,還需要結(jié)合各品種實際的田間表現(xiàn)。(4)本研究還根據(jù)所獲得的38個甘蔗品種DNA指紋數(shù)據(jù),更新了課題組前期構(gòu)建的甘蔗DNA指紋數(shù)據(jù)庫。具體地,將本研究獲得的38個甘蔗新品種(系)SSR指紋數(shù)據(jù)錄入本實驗室建立的甘蔗品種指紋數(shù)據(jù)庫中,并對數(shù)據(jù)庫中數(shù)據(jù)進行整理,剔除重復錄入品種。然后,對數(shù)據(jù)庫所有品種進行聚類研究,繪制出所有品種的指紋圖譜。該項工作對促進指紋圖譜在甘蔗品種鑒定和雜交育種親本選配中的應用具有積極意義。
[Abstract]:Genetic diversity and fingerprints of varieties are important bases for breeding, variety rights protection and new variety popularization. In hybrid breeding, genetic distance of germplasm resources can be used as the basis for parent selection. Higher genetic distance among parents can improve the possibility of stronger heterosis in F1 generation; D NA molecular fingerprints can be used as "identity cards" of varieties to accurately identify the true identity of varieties. Variety promotion also needs to identify the genetic background of the combined varieties and the genetic similarity between the new varieties and the extended varieties. This study uses 9 pairs of AFLP primers and 15 pairs of SSR primers. The whole genome of 38 new sugarcane varieties (lines) from national sugarcane varieties was described. The rich fingerprint data of these varieties were obtained. Then, the genetic diversity of sugarcane germplasm resources was analyzed and identified, and the DNA molecular fingerprint Library of Sugarcane Varieties (lines) was constructed. It is expected to provide the basic data for the selection of molecular level for the selection of sugarcane breeding parents. The results obtained in this study were as follows. (1) 348 loci were amplified by AFLP markers 9 pairs of primer combinations, 248 polymorphic loci and 72.26% polymorphic ratios; 180 loci and 176 polymorphic loci were amplified by SSR markers, and the polymorphism ratio was calculated by NTSYS 2.10e software and 38 sugarcane new varieties (lines) remained. The transmission similarity coefficient was distributed in 0.668-0.847, thus the genetic background of the 38 new sugarcane varieties (lines) was close. In addition, the average PIC values of the two molecular markers were 0.971 and 0.920 respectively, indicating that the two markers had a high variety identification, the genetic basis for the subsequent population, the population division and the principal component. Analysis and other related work laid a reliable foundation. (2) the genetic basis of 38 sugarcane varieties (lines) could be determined according to the distribution characteristics. The results showed that the inheritance of 38 sugarcane varieties (lines) and series (FN, MT, YZ, YG and GT) in the sugarcane varieties (lines) was inherited in the whole (ALL). The distribution of similarity coefficients ranged from 0.680 to 0.830, and the concentration range of genetic similarity coefficient of.FN series of sugarcane varieties was close to that of YZ series of sugarcane varieties, and the concentration range of the similarity coefficient of 38 sugarcane varieties (lines) was close to that of 38 sugarcane varieties. In addition, the GT series of Sugarcane Varieties (lines) were compared with the other series of sugarcane. The genetic similarity coefficient concentration range is at a lower level, and the genetic similarity coefficient concentration range of YG series sugarcane varieties is higher than that of other series of sugarcane varieties. (3) 38 varieties (lines) are divided by UPGMA clustering algorithm. The cluster analysis shows that the genetic similarity coefficient is 0.736, and these 38 new types can be used. The varieties (lines) were divided into two groups. Among them, fuon 09-2201 and 06-1492 as a small group were divided separately, indicating that two varieties (lines) had higher specificity in the whole population. In addition, the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.770 was divided into a subpopulation of a, including the variety ROC22, which included fufu. Farmers 07-3206, Fu Nong 40, Hai cane 22, cany 09-12 and Liucheng 07-150 are the most widely popularized sugarcane varieties, and their high yield, high sugar and strong perennial roots have been recognized by the broad growers. In addition, in addition to the genetic distance between the extended varieties and the main cultivar ROC22, it is also necessary to consider it and RO. C22 is similar in yield and quality traits to gain recognition by the growers and increase the possibility of promotion. In view of the higher genetic similarity of the different species in the same group, these varieties are more likely to have good properties similar to ROC22 and have good promotion potential. However, the selection and ROC22 are popularized at the same time. In order to increase the genetic distance of the varieties with ROC22 to increase the resistance of the sugarcane population to the adverse environment. In addition, it is necessary to combine the actual field performance of various varieties. (4) according to the DNA fingerprint data of the 38 sugarcane varieties obtained in this study, the sugarcane DNA fingerprint database, which was constructed in the previous group, is updated. The SSR fingerprint data of 38 new sugarcane varieties (lines) were recorded in the fingerprint database of sugarcane varieties established in our laboratory, and the data in the database were arranged to eliminate the repeated entry. Then, all the varieties of the database were clustered to draw the fingerprints of all the varieties. The application of sugarcane variety identification and cross breeding parent selection is of positive significance.
【學位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S566.1

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 周文才;溫強;楊軍;王建文;徐立安;徐林初;;油茶栽培品種SSR指紋圖譜構(gòu)建及聚類分析[J];分子植物育種;2017年01期

2 汪洲濤;蘇煒華;闕友雄;許莉萍;張華;羅俊;;應用AMMI和HA-GGE雙標圖分析甘蔗品種產(chǎn)量穩(wěn)定性和試點代表性[J];中國生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)學報;2016年06期

3 趙久然;王鳳格;易紅梅;田紅麗;楊揚;;我國玉米品種標準DNA指紋庫構(gòu)建研究及應用進展[J];作物雜志;2015年02期

4 王瑞;張福耀;程慶軍;田承華;凌亮;;利用SSR熒光標記構(gòu)建20個高粱品種指紋圖譜[J];作物學報;2015年04期

5 巫桂芬;徐鮮均;徐建堂;陶愛芬;張立武;魏麗真;潘漠;方平平;林荔輝;祁建民;;利用SRAP、ISSR、SSR標記繪制黃麻基因源分子指紋圖譜[J];作物學報;2015年03期

6 曹廷杰;謝菁忠;吳秋紅;陳永興;王振忠;趙虹;王西成;詹克慧;徐如強;王際睿;羅明成;劉志勇;;河南省近年審定小麥品種基于系譜和SNP標記的遺傳多樣性分析[J];作物學報;2015年02期

7 羅俊;許莉萍;邱軍;張華;袁照年;鄧祖湖;陳如凱;闕友雄;;基于HA-GGE雙標圖的甘蔗試驗環(huán)境評價及品種生態(tài)區(qū)劃分[J];作物學報;2015年02期

8 陳學寬;劉家勇;趙培方;趙俊;昝逢剛;;云南省甘蔗品種區(qū)域試驗的基因與環(huán)境互作分析[J];西南農(nóng)業(yè)學報;2014年04期

9 昝逢剛;吳才文;陳學寬;趙培方;趙俊;劉家勇;;118份甘蔗種質(zhì)資源遺傳多樣性的AFLP分析[J];作物學報;2014年10期

10 高偉;王坤波;劉方;王春英;張香娣;王玉紅;黎紹惠;;SSR引物及多態(tài)性位點數(shù)對陸地棉野生種系聚類結(jié)果的影響[J];植物遺傳資源學報;2013年02期

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前3條

1 游倩;甘蔗種質(zhì)資源的SSR遺傳多樣性分析及指紋數(shù)據(jù)庫構(gòu)建[D];福建農(nóng)林大學;2014年

2 葉琳莉;甘蔗SSR分子指紋圖譜數(shù)據(jù)庫構(gòu)建與管理系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)[D];福建農(nóng)林大學;2012年

3 黃曉弟;基于SSR位點的甘蔗種質(zhì)資源遺傳多樣性和DNA指紋圖譜[D];福建農(nóng)林大學;2009年

，

本文編號：2118217