發(fā)布時間：2018-07-01 08:55

  本文選題：最佳投入量 + 化肥��； 參考：《河南工業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,我國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展進程很快,可是隨著經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展,環(huán)境破壞、資源短缺的問題也日益嚴重,統(tǒng)籌兼顧經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護已經(jīng)成為當前的重要使命。農(nóng)業(yè)的各種生產(chǎn)條件都要利用到資源環(huán)境,一方面,農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展取決于土壤氣候等條件,并且受環(huán)境條件影響很大;另一方面在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的污染又會對環(huán)境和生態(tài)資源造成很大的影響�；实耐度腚m然對糧食產(chǎn)量增加有極為重要的作用,但同時也會給生態(tài)環(huán)境帶來嚴重污染,因此,化肥的投入是一把雙刃劍,研究環(huán)境成本約束下化肥的最佳投入量很有意義。本文綜合運用農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟學、農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)學、環(huán)境經(jīng)濟學、生態(tài)經(jīng)濟學等多學科進行研究,采用文獻分析法收集文獻、專著對理論進行歸納總結(jié),并采用調(diào)查研究法從駐馬店市環(huán)保局、駐馬店市農(nóng)業(yè)局收集數(shù)據(jù),對污染物劑量進行核算,通過實證分析法分析駐馬店市化肥投入和糧食產(chǎn)出的關(guān)系,為下文的計算分析打下基礎(chǔ)。文章首先對農(nóng)用化肥、環(huán)境成本、能值和過量的定義進行界定,并分析了外部性理論、能值分析理論、環(huán)境價值理論、邊際成本理論在本文的應用。接著對駐馬店市化肥施用的現(xiàn)狀從投入總量、施用強度、施用結(jié)構(gòu)進行描述,并且通過具體數(shù)據(jù)對化肥投入和糧食產(chǎn)量的關(guān)系進行實證分析。然后引入外部環(huán)境成本,描述化肥投入造成農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境污染,以及農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境成本的各種評估方法:包括直接市場法、替代市場法、支付意愿法和能值分析法,并且確定選取能值分析法通過篩選外部影響、定量物理影響、進行貨幣化、加總外部環(huán)境損失四步對駐馬店市化肥施用過程中外部環(huán)境成本進行測算,得出估算結(jié)果。最后運用邊際成本理論、邊際報酬遞減規(guī)律,分別對駐馬店市糧食產(chǎn)量最大化時、經(jīng)濟效益最大時、生態(tài)效益最佳時的化肥投入量進行計算,得出具體數(shù)值進行比較分析,來解決本文提出化肥最佳投入量的問題。通過具體的數(shù)據(jù)分析,得出駐馬店市化肥投入過量、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中應認清外部環(huán)境成本、糧食生產(chǎn)中化肥不合理投入影響很大三個主要結(jié)論,并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出重視農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境成本、發(fā)展替代性環(huán)保農(nóng)業(yè)投入品、增加農(nóng)產(chǎn)品附加值等建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's economic development process is very fast, but with the rapid development of the economy, environmental damage, the problem of resource shortage is becoming increasingly serious, the overall consideration of economic development and environmental protection has become an important mission at present. On the one hand, the development of agriculture depends on soil climate and other conditions, and is greatly affected by environmental conditions; On the other hand, pollution in agricultural production will have a great impact on the environment and ecological resources. Although the input of chemical fertilizer plays an extremely important role in the increase of grain yield, it will also bring serious pollution to the ecological environment. Therefore, the input of chemical fertilizer is a double-edged sword, so it is very meaningful to study the optimal amount of chemical fertilizer input under the restriction of environmental cost. In this paper, agricultural economics, agricultural ecology, environmental economics, ecological economics and other subjects are comprehensively used to study, literature analysis method is used to collect documents, monographs sum up the theory. Using investigation and research method, collecting data from Zhumadian Environmental Protection Bureau and Zhumadian Agriculture Bureau, calculating the pollutant dose, and analyzing the relationship between chemical fertilizer input and grain output through empirical analysis. It lays the foundation for the calculation and analysis below. This paper first defines the definition of agricultural fertilizer, environmental cost, energy value and excess, and analyzes the application of externality theory, emergy analysis theory, environmental value theory and marginal cost theory in this paper. Then the present situation of chemical fertilizer application in Zhumadian city is described from the total input amount, application intensity and application structure, and the relationship between fertilizer input and grain yield is analyzed empirically through specific data. Then the external environmental cost is introduced to describe the agricultural environmental pollution caused by chemical fertilizer input, as well as the various assessment methods of agricultural environmental cost: direct market method, alternative market method, willingness to pay method and emergy analysis method. And select emergy analysis method to calculate the external environmental cost of chemical fertilizer application process in Zhumadian city by screening external influence, quantitative physical influence, monetization, adding total external environment loss to calculate the external environmental cost of chemical fertilizer application in Zhumadian city, and get the estimated results. Finally, by using the marginal cost theory and the law of diminishing marginal returns, the paper calculates the amount of chemical fertilizer input when the economic benefit is the greatest and the ecological benefit is the best when the grain output is maximized in Zhumadian City, and obtains the concrete value to carry on the comparative analysis. To solve the problem that the optimal amount of chemical fertilizer input is proposed in this paper. Through specific data analysis, three main conclusions are drawn, such as excessive chemical fertilizer investment in Zhumadian City, recognition of external environmental cost in agricultural production, and great influence of irrational input of chemical fertilizer in grain production. On this basis, some suggestions are put forward, such as paying attention to the environmental cost of agricultural production, developing alternative environmental protection agricultural inputs and increasing the added value of agricultural products.
【學位授予單位】：河南工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F326.11;S143

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