本文選題：甘薯 + 品種�。� 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為提高薯/玉套作模式作物的產(chǎn)量和效益,探討施N期對(duì)套作甘薯產(chǎn)量、營(yíng)養(yǎng)吸收及品質(zhì)形成的影響,篩選出最適合甘薯產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)形成的施氮時(shí)期。本試驗(yàn)采用裂區(qū)試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),以三種不同類型甘薯品種萬薯10號(hào)(紅肉)、渝紫7號(hào)(紫肉)、渝薯33(淡黃肉)為材料,在磷(P2O5)45 kg/hm2、鉀(K2O)180 kg/hm2肥作為底肥施用量不變的情況下,分期施用(全作為底肥;底肥+套作中期追肥,比例為6:4;底肥+套作中期追肥+套作末期追肥,比例為4:3:3)氮肥(純N)90kg/hm2,施肥時(shí)間為底施時(shí)間和移栽后31d、61d,研究了凈、套作模式下施N期對(duì)甘薯農(nóng)藝性狀、光合生理特性、產(chǎn)量、植株N、P、K吸收及品質(zhì)性狀的影響。結(jié)果表明:1、施N期不同對(duì)套作甘薯最長(zhǎng)蔓長(zhǎng)前期生長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生的影響高于凈作,隨著施N期的延后逐漸降低,施N期延后對(duì)甘薯最長(zhǎng)蔓長(zhǎng)的發(fā)育起到了促進(jìn)作用。一次性底施氮肥促進(jìn)甘薯前期莖粗增粗,而追施氮肥對(duì)甘薯前期莖粗增長(zhǎng)的促進(jìn)作用較差。一次性底施氮肥對(duì)凈作甘薯基部分枝數(shù)前期生長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生的影響高于套作,凈作模式下甘薯更利于發(fā)分枝,不同施N期促進(jìn)甘薯的基部分枝數(shù)的增加。在玉米收獲后甘薯節(jié)間生長(zhǎng)不受到追施氮肥的影響,而凈作下的甘薯節(jié)間數(shù)高于套作。追施氮肥降低了甘薯葉面積系數(shù),分一期和兩期差異性不明顯,而甘薯生長(zhǎng)后期套作甘薯葉面積系數(shù)降低速度低于凈作。甘薯移栽前90d,凈作有利于甘薯葉面積系數(shù)的增加,栽后120d,套作甘薯葉面積系數(shù)降低速度低于凈作,套作更有利于甘薯生長(zhǎng)后期葉面積系數(shù)的增加。甘薯移栽前90d,凈作有利于甘薯地上部分干物質(zhì)積累,栽后120d,套作更有利于甘薯地上部分干物質(zhì)積累;品種萬薯10號(hào)地上部分干物質(zhì)積累較渝紫7號(hào)、渝薯33多;分期施用氮肥對(duì)套作甘薯地上部分干物質(zhì)積累沒有影響,顯著提高凈作甘薯地上部分干物質(zhì)積累量。2、套作模式下分期追施氮肥能提高甘薯葉片凈光合速率,而分一期和兩期追施對(duì)甘薯凈光合速率的影響不大,凈作條件下不同施N期對(duì)提高甘薯凈光合速率沒有作用。施N期不同不引起甘薯胞間CO2濃度(Ci)的變化。套作模式下甘薯的氣孔導(dǎo)度(Gs)低于凈作,同種種植模式下甘薯的氣孔導(dǎo)度沒有顯著性差異,不受種植模式影響。套作甘薯的蒸騰速率(Tr)低于凈作,不同施N期對(duì)甘薯蒸騰速率的影響不明顯。凈作更有利于甘薯葉片PS(Ⅱ)最大光化學(xué)量子產(chǎn)量(Fv/Fm)積累,分兩期追施氮肥更有利于甘薯葉片PS(Ⅱ)最大光化學(xué)量子產(chǎn)量積累,分一次追施和一次性底施氮肥的差異不顯著。套作更有利于甘薯相對(duì)電子傳遞速率(ETR)的增加,套作模式下甘薯的相對(duì)電子傳遞速率變化不明顯,而凈作模式下分期追施氮肥可以提高相對(duì)電子傳遞速率。套作更有利于甘薯光化學(xué)猝滅系數(shù)(qP)的增加;套作和凈作模式下,一次性底施氮肥比分期追施氮肥甘薯的光化學(xué)猝滅系數(shù)高,而分一期和兩期追施之間的差異性不明顯。凈作更有利于甘薯非光化學(xué)猝滅系數(shù)(qN)的增加,不同施N期對(duì)甘薯非光化學(xué)猝滅系數(shù)的影響不顯著。3、分期追施氮肥對(duì)甘薯產(chǎn)量有促進(jìn)增產(chǎn)的作用,分一次追施和兩次追施都能促進(jìn)增產(chǎn),凈作套作表現(xiàn)一致。2015年套作模式下相比一次性底施氮肥,分一期追施增產(chǎn)30.4%、分兩期追施增產(chǎn)25.8%;凈作模式下相比一次性底施氮肥,分一期追施增產(chǎn)26.9%,分兩期追施增產(chǎn)8.8%;2016年套作模式下相比一次性底施氮肥,分一期追施增產(chǎn)22.8%、分兩期追施增產(chǎn)19.4%;凈作模式下相比一次性底施氮肥,分一期追施增產(chǎn)10.3%,分兩期追施增產(chǎn)10.9%。分一期和分兩期施氮下甘薯產(chǎn)量顯著高于一次性底施氮肥,但兩者之間差異性不顯著�？紤]處理方式操作難易,實(shí)施方便性,以分一期追施更佳,本實(shí)驗(yàn)在栽后30d追施最好。4、分兩期追施氮肥促進(jìn)甘薯植株含N量的增加,分一期追施和一次性底施氮肥對(duì)甘薯植株含N量影響不顯著。分兩期追施氮肥提高甘薯植株P(guān)含量,一次性底施氮肥和分一期追施氮肥對(duì)植株P(guān)含量促進(jìn)作用不明顯。追施兩次氮肥對(duì)植株K含量起到了促進(jìn)效果,較一次性底施氮肥和追施一次的效果更好。凈作模式下更利于甘薯植株N、K積累。5、套作種植更有利于甘薯花青素含量的提高,分兩期追施氮肥更有利于甘薯花青素的形成。不同施N期和種植模式對(duì)甘薯β胡蘿卜素形成沒有影響。套作模式下甘薯淀粉含量低于凈作,但套作和凈作差異性不顯著,若以淀粉為收獲指標(biāo)的生產(chǎn)可以選擇一次性底施氮肥或者分一期追施氮肥。套作模式下甘薯纖維素含量比凈作模式下高,品種自身差差異大造成纖維素含量不穩(wěn)定,以甘薯纖維素含量低作為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),則應(yīng)選用凈作的栽培模式,以一次性底施氮肥最佳。一次性底施氮肥的甘薯蛋白質(zhì)含量套作高于凈作;甘薯萬薯10號(hào)、渝紫7號(hào)的蛋白質(zhì)含量與兩種栽培模式無關(guān),渝薯33在凈作模式下蛋白質(zhì)含量顯著高于套作,相比之下,凈作更有利于甘薯蛋白質(zhì)含量的積累;若以蛋白質(zhì)為目標(biāo)的甘薯生產(chǎn)可以選用凈作模式下一次性底施氮肥的生產(chǎn)模式。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the yield and benefit of sweet potato / Jade intercropping pattern crops, the effect of N period on yield, nutrient absorption and quality formation of sweet potato was investigated. The best suitable time for nitrogen application was selected. This experiment was designed with split plot test, with three different types of sweet potato varieties, Wan Shu 10 (red meat), Yu purple 7 (purple meat), Yu Yushu 3. 3 (light yellow meat) was used as material. Under the condition of phosphorus (P2O5) 45 kg/hm2 and potassium (K2O) 180 kg/hm2 fertilizer as the base manure, it was applied by stages (all as bottom fertilizer; the ratio of bottom manure + intercropping was 6:4; the ratio of bottom fertilizer + intercropping was 4:3:3), the ratio was 4:3:3) n (pure N) 90kg/hm2, the time of fertilizer application and 31d, 61 after transplanting. D, the effects of N stage on the agronomic traits, photosynthetic physiological characteristics, yield, N, P, K absorption and quality traits of sweet potato were studied under the net and intercropping pattern. The results showed that: 1, the effect of different N stages on the growth of the longest tendril growth of sweet potato was higher than that of the net planting. With the delay of the N period, the longest growth of sweet potato was delayed. The one-time bottom application of nitrogen fertilizer promoted the coarse growth of the early stem of sweet potato, and the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the early stem growth of sweet potato was poor. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the early growth of the number of some branches of the sweet potato base was higher than that of the intercropping, and the sweet potato was more beneficial to the branch, and the different N period promoted the sweet potato. The number of basal branches increased. After maize harvest, the growth of sweet potato internode was not affected by nitrogen fertilization, and the number of internodes of sweet potato under net fertilization was higher than that of the intercropping. The difference of leaf area coefficient of sweet potato leaves was reduced, and the difference between the first and two stages was not obvious. Before transplanting 90d, net planting is beneficial to the increase of leaf area coefficient of sweet potato. After planting 120d, the leaf area coefficient of sweet potato leaves is lower than net work, and the intercropping is more beneficial to the increase of leaf area coefficient in later period of sweet potato growth. The net cropping is beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter in sweet potato before transplanting 90d, and then 120d after planting, the intercropping is more beneficial to the upper part of sweet potato. Dry matter accumulation; the accumulation of dry matter in the top part of the variety Wan tuber 10 is more than Yu purple 7, Yu tuber more than 33. The application of nitrogen fertilizer in stages has no effect on the accumulation of dry matter in the ground part of the sweet potato, and significantly increases the dry matter accumulation of.2 on the ground of the sweet potato, and the net photosynthetic rate of the leaves of sweet potato can be improved by applying nitrogen fertilizer at the stage of intercropping. The net photosynthetic rate of sweet potato had little effect on the net photosynthetic rate of sweet potato. Under the net planting condition, different N periods had no effect on improving the net photosynthetic rate of sweet potato. The difference of CO2 concentration (Ci) was not caused by N period. The stomatal conductance (Gs) of sweet potato was lower than that of net cropping, and the stomatal conductance of sweet potato under the same planting pattern was not significantly different. The transpiration rate (Tr) of sweet potato was lower than that of the net planting, and the effect of different N periods on the transpiration rate of sweet potato was not obvious. The net cropping was more beneficial to the PS (II) PS (II) chemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) accumulation of sweet potato leaves, and the two phases of applying nitrogen fertilizer were more beneficial to the maximum photochemical quantum yield accumulation of PS (II) in sweet potato leaves. There was no significant difference between the application and the one-time application of nitrogen fertilizer. The intercropping was more beneficial to the increase of the relative electron transfer rate (ETR) of sweet potato. The relative electron transfer rate of sweet potato was not obvious under the pattern of intercropping, and the relative electron transfer rate could be improved by applying nitrogen fertilizer in the net cropping mode. The intercropping was more beneficial to the photochemical quenching coefficient of sweet potato (qP). Under the pattern of intercropping and net work, the photochemical quenching coefficient of nitrogenous fertilizer was higher than that of staging nitrogen fertilizer, but the difference between the first and the two stages was not obvious. The net cropping was more beneficial to the increase of non photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) of sweet potato, and the effect of different N stages on the non photochemical quenching coefficient of sweet potato was not significant.3, staging. The application of nitrogen fertilizer to the yield of sweet potato could promote the yield increase, which could promote the increase of yield of sweet potato, and the net cropping and two application could increase the yield. In 2016, the yield increased by 8.8%. Compared with the one-off application of nitrogen fertilizer in 2016, the yield increased by 22.8%, and the yield increased by 19.4%. Under the net cropping pattern, the nitrogen fertilizer was compared with the one-time application of nitrogen fertilizer, and the yield increased by 10.3%. The yield of 10.9%. in the first and two stages of nitrogen application was significantly higher than that of the single application. Nitrogen fertilizer, but the difference between the two is not significant. It is difficult to operate and facilitate the implementation of nitrogen fertilizer. The best.4 is chased by 30d after planting. The effect of applying nitrogen fertilizer in two stages to increase the content of N in sweet potato plants is increased. The effect of one stage dressing and one-time application of nitrogen fertilizer on the N content of sweet potato plants is not significant. Nitrogen fertilizer can improve the P content of sweet potato plants. The effect of applying nitrogen fertilizer at one time and applying nitrogen fertilizer to the P content of plant is not obvious. The effect of two nitrogen fertilizer on plant K content can be promoted, and the effect is better than the application of nitrogen fertilizer at the bottom of the plant and the first application. The net cropping pattern is more beneficial to the N of sweet potato plants, K accumulation of.5, and the planting is more beneficial to the plant. The increase of anthocyanin content in sweet potato was more favorable to the formation of anthocyanin in sweet potato. Different N period and planting pattern had no effect on the formation of beta carotene in sweet potato. The starch content of sweet potato was lower than that of net, but the difference of intercropping and net cropping was not significant, and the production of the starch as the harvest index could choose one time. Under the model, the cellulose content of sweet potato is higher than that under the net cropping pattern, the difference of the variety of the varieties is not stable and the cellulose content of sweet potato is low as the evaluation index, then the net planting pattern should be selected to apply the best nitrogen fertilizer at one time. The content of white matter content was higher than that of the net work; the protein content of sweet potato Wan tuber No. 10 and Yu purple 7 was not related to the two cultivation modes. The protein content of Yu tuber 33 was significantly higher than that of the intercropping under the net cropping pattern. In comparison, the net cropping was more beneficial to the accumulation of protein content of sweet potato. The production model of nitrogen fertilizer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S531

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