本文選題：長(zhǎng)牡蠣 + 高糖原含量新品系��； 參考：《上海海洋大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：長(zhǎng)牡蠣(Crassostrea gigas),俗稱(chēng)太平洋牡蠣(Pacific oyster),是一種廣溫、廣鹽性雙殼貝類(lèi)。在我國(guó)主要分布在東部沿海地區(qū)潮間帶的礁石上,營(yíng)固著生活。長(zhǎng)牡蠣是我國(guó)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)業(yè)重要的養(yǎng)殖物種,隨著工廠化育苗技術(shù)的推廣,長(zhǎng)牡蠣的產(chǎn)量得到迅速的提高,僅我國(guó)2015年的產(chǎn)量就高達(dá)457.3萬(wàn)噸,為我國(guó)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的健康發(fā)展和中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)以及人民生活水平的提高做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。糖原含量作為長(zhǎng)牡蠣肉質(zhì)性狀重要的評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其含量的高低直接影響到了其口感和品質(zhì)。而目前對(duì)于長(zhǎng)牡蠣糖原含量性狀的研究比較少,育種的理論基礎(chǔ)比較薄弱。本文開(kāi)展了對(duì)于長(zhǎng)牡蠣糖原含量性狀的相關(guān)研究,旨在為長(zhǎng)牡蠣高糖原含量新品種的成功選育提供理論和實(shí)踐支持,主要研究結(jié)果如下所示:1.長(zhǎng)牡蠣高糖原含量新品系幼蟲(chóng)培育密度和成體養(yǎng)殖密度的研究長(zhǎng)牡蠣高糖原含量新品系的獲得是以經(jīng)過(guò)兩代家系選育后得到的長(zhǎng)牡蠣高糖原含量個(gè)體為親本,采用部分因子交配設(shè)計(jì),構(gòu)建全同胞家系。為了探究長(zhǎng)牡蠣高糖原含量新品系養(yǎng)殖密度對(duì)其生長(zhǎng)和存活的影響,本文開(kāi)展了對(duì)不同密度下長(zhǎng)牡蠣幼蟲(chóng)和成體的生長(zhǎng)性狀和存活率的研究。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)在幼蟲(chóng)培育密度為1-2個(gè)/ml,3-4個(gè)/ml,6-8個(gè)/ml三組中,三組之間在殼高的增長(zhǎng)上存在差異,但差異不顯著(P0.05),因此在幼蟲(chóng)培育過(guò)程中沒(méi)有必要追求過(guò)低的密度,6-8個(gè)/ml即可。(2)在海上經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的養(yǎng)成后,生長(zhǎng)表型方面低密度組(10個(gè)/層)和中密度組(20個(gè)/層)差異不大,但高密度組(40個(gè)/層)的表型性狀各參數(shù)均小于前兩組,且差異顯著(P0.05)。存活率方面隨著密度的增大,死亡率明顯升高。在長(zhǎng)牡蠣成體養(yǎng)殖過(guò)程中,合理降低養(yǎng)殖密度對(duì)于提高長(zhǎng)牡蠣的生長(zhǎng)速度和存活率具有明顯的作用。2.長(zhǎng)牡蠣高糖原含量新品系不同養(yǎng)殖方式對(duì)其生長(zhǎng)性狀的影響為了探究長(zhǎng)牡蠣高糖原含量新品系不同養(yǎng)殖方式對(duì)其生長(zhǎng)性狀的影響,本文設(shè)置了吊籠養(yǎng)殖和夾繩養(yǎng)殖的對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)、殼體打磨處理和正常養(yǎng)殖組的對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:(1)夾繩養(yǎng)殖方式的長(zhǎng)牡蠣在各個(gè)生長(zhǎng)性狀上都要明顯優(yōu)于吊籠養(yǎng)殖組(P0.05)。(2)打磨殼體處理組在生長(zhǎng)性狀上與對(duì)照組差異不顯著(P0.05),長(zhǎng)牡蠣的殼體受到磨損后能短時(shí)間內(nèi)得到再生。3.長(zhǎng)牡蠣高糖原含量新品系正反交家系的生理代謝研究為了探究長(zhǎng)牡蠣具有顯著差異性糖原含量的自交家系和正反交家系在生理代謝水平上的差異,本文開(kāi)展了在一定溫度(20°C)和鹽度(32)下自交組和正反交組的濾水率、耗氧率和排氨率的測(cè)定實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:(1)濾水率方面,自交組AA最大,BB最小,二者差異顯著(P0.05);正交組AB和反交組BA兩者差異不顯著且大小介于兩個(gè)自交組之間,正反交組的雜種優(yōu)勢(shì)值為8.44%;(2)耗氧率方面,自交組BB最大,正交組AB最小;自交組AA與BB差異顯著(P0.05),正反交組雜種優(yōu)勢(shì)值為-43.87%;耗氧率與糖原含量呈負(fù)相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)為-0.884,達(dá)到極顯著性水平(P0.01);(3)排氨率方面,各組之間的排氨率無(wú)顯著差異,大小為0.04 mg NH3-N/(g·h)左右。綜上結(jié)果表明,高糖原含量品系正反交家系的差異在生理代謝上主要表現(xiàn)為濾水率和耗氧率的差異。4.溫度、鹽度對(duì)于長(zhǎng)牡蠣高糖原含量新品系生理代謝的影響為了探究溫度、鹽度對(duì)于長(zhǎng)牡蠣高糖原含量品系生理代謝的影響,本文開(kāi)展了對(duì)高糖原含量品系H和低糖原含量品系L在不同溫度(16°C、20°C、24°C、28°C、30°C、32°C),鹽度(15、20、25、30、35)梯度下濾水率、耗氧率、排氨率以及糖原含量測(cè)定的實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:(1)長(zhǎng)牡蠣高糖原含量品系H和低糖原含量品系L的濾水率隨著溫度的升高不斷增大,在28°C時(shí)濾水率達(dá)到最大值,當(dāng)溫度超過(guò)28°C后濾水率減小。品系H的耗氧率隨著溫度的不斷升高而不斷增大,在32°C時(shí)達(dá)到最大值;品系L的耗氧率隨著溫度的升高不斷增大,在28°C時(shí)達(dá)到最大值,超過(guò)28°C后呈下降趨勢(shì)。兩個(gè)品系的排氨率都是隨著溫度的升高而增大,在28°C達(dá)到最大值。兩個(gè)品系在溫度升高的過(guò)程中糖原含量都呈下降趨勢(shì),其中品系H的下降速度要明顯大于品系L。(2)隨著鹽度的不斷升高長(zhǎng)牡蠣品系H和品系L的濾水率不斷增大,當(dāng)鹽度達(dá)到30時(shí),濾水率達(dá)到最大值,當(dāng)鹽度超過(guò)30后濾水率呈下降趨勢(shì)。耗氧率和排氨率呈現(xiàn)出與濾水率相同的趨勢(shì)。在糖原含量變化上,品系H的糖原含量在鹽度15-25的范圍內(nèi)保持穩(wěn)定,鹽度25之后開(kāi)始明顯下降;品系L的糖原含量在整個(gè)鹽度梯度設(shè)定范圍內(nèi)的變化不大,但糖原含量水平總體上低于品系H。
[Abstract]:The long oyster (Crassostrea gigas), commonly known as the Pacific Oyster (Pacific oyster), is a kind of wide temperature, widely salt bivalve shellfish. It is mainly distributed on the reefs of the intertidal zone of the eastern coastal areas in our country. The oyster is an important breed of aquaculture industry in China. With the popularization of the industrialized breeding technology, the yield of long oysters is produced. The production of China in 2015 is up to 4 million 573 thousand tons, which has made an important contribution to the healthy development of the aquaculture industry in China, the growth of China's economy and the improvement of the people's living standard. As an important criterion for the meat quality of the long oyster, the content of the glycogen directly affects its taste and product. At present, there are few studies on the content characters of long Oyster Glycogen, and the theoretical basis of breeding is relatively weak. The relevant research on the content of long Oyster Glycogen is carried out in this paper, in order to provide theoretical and practical support for the successful selection of new varieties of high sugar raw oysters. The main results are as follows: 1. long oyster high glycogen. Study on the cultivation density and adult breeding density of the larvae of the new strain of the new strain of the oyster, the new strain of the high sugar original of oyster was obtained by two generations of families, and the whole sibling family was constructed by partial factor mating design. The effects of the growth and survival on the growth and survival of oysters were studied in this paper. The results showed that: (1) there was a difference between the three groups in the growth of the shell height between the 1-2 /ml, 3-4 /ml and 6-8 /ml three groups, but the difference was not significant, so the larvae were in the larva. There is no need to pursue a low density in the process of cultivation, 6-8 /ml can. (2) after a period of development at sea, the growth phenotype low density group (10 / layer) and the medium density group (20 / layer) are not different, but the high density group (40 / layer) of the phenotypic traits are less than the first two groups, and the difference is significant (P0.05). The growth rate and survival rate of long oyster had obvious effect on increasing the growth rate and survival rate of long oyster in the process of adult oyster culture. The effect of different culture methods on the growth characters of.2. long oyster was the new strain of the long oyster, in order to explore the high sugar content of the long oyster. In this paper, we set up the comparison experiment of cage culture and rope culture, the comparison experiment of the shell grinding and the normal culture. The results are as follows: (1) the long oysters in the way of rope culture are better than the cage culture group (P0.05) in each growth character. (2) the grinding shell treatment group is used. The difference between the growth traits and the control group was not significant (P0.05). The physiological metabolism of the new strain of the new strain of the regenerated.3. oyster was obtained in a short time after the wear and tear of the long oyster. In order to explore the difference of the physiological metabolism level between the self inbred line and the positive and negative crosses of the long oyster with significant difference in glycogen content The water filtration rate, oxygen consumption rate and ammonia discharge rate of the self crossing and positive and negative groups were tested at a certain temperature (20 C) and salinity (32). The experimental results showed that: (1) the AA was the largest, the BB was the smallest, and the two had a significant difference (P0.05), and the difference between the AB and the reverse group BA was not significant and the size was between the two self crossing groups. The Heterosis value of the positive and negative group was 8.44%, and (2) the oxygen consumption rate was the largest in the self crossing group BB and the AB in the orthogonal group; the difference of AA and BB in the self crossing group was significant (P0.05), the Heterosis value of the positive and negative cross group was -43.87%; the oxygen consumption rate was negatively correlated with the glycogen content, the correlation coefficient was -0.884, and reached the extremely significant level (P0.01); (3) the rate of ammonia excretion was between each group. There was no significant difference in ammonia removal rate, the size of which was about 0.04 mg NH3-N/ (G. H). The results showed that the difference between the positive and negative lines of the high sugar original line was the difference in the physiological metabolism of the differential.4. temperature of the water filtration rate and the oxygen consumption rate, and the effect of salinity on the physiological metabolism of the new strain of the high sugar content of oysters was to explore the temperature and salinity. The effect of the high sugar content of long oyster is on the physiological metabolism. In this paper, experiments were carried out to test the water filtration rate, oxygen consumption rate, oxygen consumption rate, ammonia discharge rate and glycogen content of high glucose content strain H and low glycogen content strain L at different temperatures (16 C, 20 degree C, 24 degree C, 28 C, 30 degree C, 32 degree C), and salinity (15,20,25,30,35) gradient. The experimental results showed: (1) high oyster was high The water filtration rate of the glycogen content line H and the low glycogen content of L increases with the temperature increasing. The water filtration rate reaches the maximum at 28 degree C. When the temperature exceeds 28 C, the water filtration rate decreases. The oxygen consumption rate of the product line H increases with the temperature increasing, and reaches the maximum value at 32 degree C; the oxygen consumption rate of the product line L increases with the increase of temperature. When the break increased, the maximum value was reached at 28 C, and the decrease trend after 28 degree C. The ammonia discharge rate of the two strains increased with the increase of temperature and reached the maximum at 28 C. The two strains in the process of temperature rise showed a decline trend, and the descent speed of the line H was significantly greater than that of the strain L. (2) with the constant salinity. The water filtration rate of H and line L increased continuously. When the salinity reached 30, the water filtration rate reached the maximum. When the salinity exceeded 30, the water filtration rate showed a downward trend. The oxygen consumption rate and the ammonia discharge rate showed the same trend as the filtration rate. In the change of glycogen content, the content of H glycogen was stable in the range of salinity 15-25, and the salinity was 2. After 5, the glycogen content of strain L changed little in the whole salinity range, but glycogen content was lower than that of strain H..
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S917.4

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本文編號(hào)：2081759