本文選題：刈割干擾 + 鹽堿脅迫�。� 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,土地鹽堿化程度日益加重引起廣泛的關(guān)注。據(jù)了解,松嫩平原是世界三大鹽堿土分布區(qū)之一,其中吉林省西部就是松嫩平原土地鹽堿化十分嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)。羊草作為該地區(qū)優(yōu)勢種,也是一種耐鹽堿的根莖型克隆植物,其強(qiáng)大的營養(yǎng)繁殖能力使其在占據(jù)空間資源上擁有巨大優(yōu)勢。但歷史原因加上盲目墾荒、過度放牧等人為因素干擾,使羊草草地逐漸退化,出現(xiàn)大面積由耐鹽堿植物(虎尾草、堿蒿)形成的堿斑,且鹽生植物群落在逐年擴(kuò)大,羊草斑塊逐漸走向破碎化。研究和揭示羊草向鹽堿斑塊的空間拓展策略,對于深入理解和認(rèn)識鹽堿化草地的恢復(fù)過程及機(jī)制具有重要科學(xué)意義�；贕rime植物生境選擇對策理論(C-S-R三角),干擾、脅迫以及競爭是影響克隆植物空間拓展的主要外在驅(qū)動力。由此,本研究采用盆栽控制法,模擬野外羊草從羊草草地向鹽堿草地空間拓展的全過程,全面地揭示了刈割干擾(無刈割、刈割)、密度制約(高、低密度)以及鹽堿脅迫(高、低鹽堿)三因素對羊草無性系種群空間拓展?jié)摿?地下拓展根條數(shù)、平均根長、平均間隔子長)、拓展后的繁殖力(單株平均分蘗數(shù)、平均分蘗率、地下根莖芽數(shù))以及定植能力(分株數(shù)×地上平均拓展距離)的作用及交互效應(yīng)。獲得如下主要結(jié)論:(1)無論是否面臨密度制約、刈割干擾以及鹽堿脅迫,羊草無性系都表現(xiàn)出明顯地主動向新斑塊(鹽堿斑塊)擴(kuò)繁的空間拓展行為。(2)刈割干擾對羊草空間拓展?jié)摿Φ挠绊懼饕憩F(xiàn)在:刈割顯著降低羊草向鹽堿脅迫區(qū)拓展的根條數(shù),刈割干擾對間隔子長度的影響依賴于鹽堿脅迫條件和密度制約的初始背景,在高鹽堿-高密度條件下,刈割干擾顯著增加間隔子長度;刈割干擾對拓展后植株繁殖力的影響主要表現(xiàn)在根莖芽數(shù),即刈割干擾降低根莖芽數(shù);刈割干擾對羊草拓展后的定植能力沒有顯著影響,但顯著提高了平均空間拓展距離。(3)鹽堿脅迫強(qiáng)度對羊草空間拓展?jié)摿Φ挠绊憙H表現(xiàn)在間隔子長度,且依賴于密度制約的初始背景和刈割干擾:在低初始密度-刈割干擾和高初始密度-無刈割干擾條件下,低的鹽堿脅迫顯著增加間隔子長度;而在高初始密度-刈割干擾條件下,高鹽堿脅迫增加間隔子長度。而鹽堿脅迫對拓展后的繁殖力以及定植能力均沒有顯著影響,但鹽堿脅迫顯著影響了分株數(shù),且依賴密度制約的初始背景。(4)密度制約對羊草空間拓展?jié)摿Φ挠绊懸矁H表現(xiàn)在間隔子長度,且依賴鹽堿脅迫條件和刈割干擾:僅在低鹽堿脅迫-刈割干擾條件下,低的密度制約會增加間隔子長度;密度制約對拓展后的繁殖力和定植能力均具有顯著影響,表現(xiàn)為:低初始密度條件下拓展的植株具有顯著高的分蘗率以及定植能力。綜上,刈割干擾、密度制約以及鹽堿脅迫對羊草無性系空間拓展?jié)摿Α⒎敝沉σ约岸ㄖ材芰哂胁煌瑥?qiáng)度的作用效應(yīng)。總體分析,刈割干擾是影響羊草無性系空間拓展的最重要因素,而鹽堿脅迫則是羊草無性系空間拓展的最弱影響因素,但是目前我們還不能確定鹽堿脅迫的弱效應(yīng)是否由于實(shí)驗(yàn)處理中的脅迫強(qiáng)度較低所致。具體分析,刈割干擾會刺激植物增加空間拓展距離,而代價(jià)是降低對潛在繁殖種群等地下構(gòu)件生長的投入;降低密度制約不會影響克隆植物在空間上的主動拓展行為,但低的密度制約會增強(qiáng)克隆植物的繁殖能力和定植存活能力,從而提高其向新斑塊的拓展能力;而鹽堿脅迫常常與密度制約和刈割干擾共同耦合在一起調(diào)控克隆植物的空間拓展?jié)摿?低密度、低鹽堿脅迫以及刈割生境組合下無性系空間拓展?jié)摿ψ顝?qiáng)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the degree of soil salinization has become more and more serious. It is understood that the Songnen Plain is one of the three largest saline alkali soil distribution areas in the world. In the western Jilin Province, the land salinization in the Songnen Plain is very serious. As the dominant species in the region, Leymus chinensis is also a salt tolerant rhizomatous clone plant with strong nutrition. The reproductive capacity has a great advantage in the occupying space resources. But the historical reasons add to the blind reclamation, overgrazing and other factors to interfere with the factors that cause the grass grassland to gradually degenerate, and the alkali spots formed by the salt tolerant plant (tiger tail grass, Artemisia Artemisia) appear in large area, and the halophyte community is expanding year by year, and the patch of Leymus chinensis is gradually broken to fragmentation. Exploring and revealing the spatial expansion strategy of Leymus chinensis to saline alkali patches is of great scientific significance for understanding and understanding the recovery process and mechanism of saline alkali grassland. Based on the theory of Grime plant habitat selection strategy (C-S-R triangle), interference, stress and competition are the main external driving forces affecting the space expansion of clonal plants. A potted plant control method was used to simulate the whole process of field expansion of Leymus chinensis from Leymus chinensis grassland to saline alkali grassland, and the spatial expansion potential of three factors, including cutting interference (no cutting, cutting), density restriction (high, low density) and salt alkali stress (high, low salt), was revealed. The effects and interaction effects of expanded fecundity (average number of tillers per plant, average tillering rate, number of subsurface rhizome buds) and colonization capacity (number of plant number by average expansion distance) and interaction effects were obtained. The following main conclusions were obtained as follows: (1) the clones of Leymus chinensis were obvious whether or not they were faced with density, cutting and salt stress (2) the effect of mowing interference on the space expansion potential of Leymus chinensis is mainly manifested in: mowing significantly reduces the number of root strips extending from Leymus chinensis to saline alkali stress area. The effect of mowing interference on the length of the spacer depends on the initial background of salt stress and density constraints, and in high salinity Under the condition of alkali high density, the cutting interference significantly increased the length of the spacer, and the effect of mowing interference on the growth of the plant was mainly in the number of rhizome buds, that is, the cutting interference reduced the number of rhizome buds; the cutting interference had no significant influence on the planting ability after the expansion of Leymus chinensis, but increased the average space expansion distance. (3) strong saline alkali stress. The effect on the spatial expansion potential of Leymus chinensis is only in the interval length, and depends on the initial background of density restriction and the cutting interference: low salinity stress increases the length of the spacer significantly under the low initial density mowing interference and high initial density without cutting interference, while high salinity under the high initial density mowing interference condition. But salt alkali stress had no significant influence on the expanded fecundity and colonization ability, but salt stress significantly affected the number of plants and the initial background of density restriction. (4) the effect of density restriction on the space expansion potential of Leymus chinensis was also only in the interval length, and it depended on the condition of salt stress and mowing. Interference: under low salt stress - cutting interference conditions, low density constraints will increase the length of the spacer; density constraints have a significant impact on the expansion of the colonization and colonization ability, showing a significant higher tiller rate and colonization ability under the low initial density. And salt and alkali stress have different effects on the spatial expansion potential, fecundity and planting ability of Leymus chinensis clones. Overall analysis, mowing interference is the most important factor affecting the space expansion of Leymus chinensis clones, while saline alkali stress is the weakest factor in the space expansion of Leymus chinensis clones, but we are not yet determined at present. The weak effect of saline alkali stress is due to the low stress intensity in the experimental treatment. The specific analysis shows that the cutting interference stimulates the plant to increase the space expansion distance, while the cost is to reduce the input to the growth of subterranean components, such as the potential reproductive population, and the reduction of density will not affect the active expansion behavior of the croon in space, but low Density constraints can enhance the reproductive and colonization viability of cloned plants, thus improving their ability to expand to new patches, while salt stress is often coupled with density constraints and mowing interference to regulate the spatial expansion potential of clonal plants, low density, low salt stress, and the spatial expansion of clones under combination of mowing habitats. The potential is the strongest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S543.9

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