本文選題：鳳鱭 + 耳石　； 參考：《上海海洋大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：鳳鱭(Coilia mystus)俗稱鳳尾魚、小鱭魚,屬鯡形目(Clupeiformes),溊科(Engraulidae),鱭屬(Coilia),主要棲息于河口及鄰近水域。我國黃渤海、東海和南海均有分布,是長江口重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)魚類。由于水利工程建設(shè)、環(huán)境污染等原因,長江口鳳鱭資源已出現(xiàn)衰退。為更好的保護(hù)利用鳳鱭資源,本文從年齡結(jié)構(gòu)、生長特性、生活史類型以及仔稚魚生長發(fā)育等方面進(jìn)行研究和探討。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.長江口鳳鱭繁殖群體的年齡結(jié)構(gòu)和生長特性2014年4月~8月于鳳鱭繁殖盛期在長江口逐月采樣,對鳳鱭繁殖群體的雌性個體的年齡結(jié)構(gòu)和生長特性進(jìn)行了研究。年齡結(jié)構(gòu)為1~3齡,共3個年齡組,其中1~2齡個體占87.06%。繁殖群體的平均體長和體重分別為151.66±21.13mm、16.97±6.34 g。體長與體重關(guān)系為(n=124,R2=0.9353),顯著性差異檢驗(yàn)表明鳳鱭屬于勻速生長類型(P0.05)。體長和體重von Bertalanffy生長方程分別為:,。體長生長速度曲線不具拐點(diǎn);體重生長速度的拐點(diǎn)年齡為1.11齡,與最小性成熟年齡一致,拐點(diǎn)年齡時對應(yīng)的體長和體重分別為131.02 mm和11.05 g。結(jié)論認(rèn)為,長江口鳳鱭繁殖群體低齡群體所占比例較大且體型有變小趨勢。為更好地利用和保護(hù)鳳鱭資源,應(yīng)在拐點(diǎn)年齡之后進(jìn)行捕撈。2.長江口鳳鱭仔稚魚不同發(fā)育階段矢耳石生長2014年4~8月于鳳鱭的主要繁殖期在長江口采集仔稚魚103 ind。分析鳳鱭仔稚魚樣本得出日齡范圍為5~48 d,其體長在4.20~26.21 mm之間。為研究長江口鳳鱭早期發(fā)育不同階段生長,測定了鳳鱭仔稚魚(5~48日齡)體長隨日齡的生長變化,其變化分為3個階段(5~11日齡,12~30日齡,31~48日齡)。不同日齡體長生長速率差異顯著(P0.05)。耳石早期發(fā)育研究發(fā)現(xiàn)耳石長、耳石寬隨魚體的生長而增長,在17、19日齡之后其生長速率增大約2倍。采用分段回歸方法分析耳石長、耳石寬與日齡的關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)二者異速生長的拐點(diǎn)均出現(xiàn)在19、20日齡,拐點(diǎn)前為慢速生長,之后為快速生長。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)鳳鱭早期生長發(fā)育階段的耳石形態(tài)有較為顯著的改變:卵黃囊期、前彎曲期為圓形;彎曲期耳石長的生長大于耳石寬的生長,耳石逐漸變成橢圓形;耳石變成穩(wěn)定形態(tài)后,耳石長寬比基本保持穩(wěn)定。3.長江口鳳鱭耳石微化學(xué)及其生活史初探為了解長江口鳳鱭生活史特征,本文于2015年8月在長江口采集鳳鱭樣本。采用激光燒蝕聯(lián)動的電感耦合等離子質(zhì)譜儀(LA-ICP-MS)進(jìn)行耳石鍶和鈣元素測定。定量線分析結(jié)果顯示,長江口鳳鱭具有兩種不同生活史類型,一類具有明顯的洄游習(xí)性,另一類洄游習(xí)性不明顯。兩類生活史類型既有特性又表現(xiàn)一定的共性。共性為早期都為半咸水生活;特性為一類生活史類型表現(xiàn)為較為復(fù)雜的生活史即具有洄游習(xí)性,其耳石鍶鈣比值表現(xiàn)為產(chǎn)卵、孵化時的半咸水生活習(xí)性以及生長發(fā)育時海水生活習(xí)性。另一類生活史類型表現(xiàn)為鍶鈣比值較平穩(wěn)為7.00左右,反映出半咸水生活的習(xí)性,并未表現(xiàn)出洄游習(xí)性。這兩種不同的生活史類型反映了鳳鱭生長發(fā)育過程中的生存策略,這也說明長江口可能存在定居生活的鳳鱭類型。本文旨在從耳石微化學(xué)探討長江口鳳鱭生活史類型,為今后鳳鱭資源的保護(hù)利用以及人工養(yǎng)殖方面提供基礎(chǔ)資料。
[Abstract]:Coilia Mystus, commonly known as anchovies, small anchovy, Clupeiformes, Engraulidae, and Anchovy (Coilia), mainly inhabits the estuaries and adjacent waters. The Yellow Bohai, the East China Sea and the South China Sea are distributed in China, and are the most important economic fish in the Yangtze Estuary. The resources of the anchovy in the estuary of the Yangtze River have come out because of the construction of water conservancy projects and environmental pollution. In order to better protect the resources of the anchovy, the age structure, the growth characteristics, the life history type and the growth and development of the young and juvenile fish are studied and discussed in this paper. The main results are as follows: 1. the age structure and growth characteristics of the breeding population of the anchovy in the Yangtze River Estuary in April 2014 ~8 month in the flourishing period of the anchovy at the mouth of the Yangtze River. The age structure and growth characteristics of female individuals in the breeding population of anchovy were studied. The age structure was 1~3 age and 3 age groups, of which the average body length and body weight of the 1~2 age group were 151.66 + 21.13mm, 16.97 + 6.34 g. body length and body weight (n=124, R2=0.9353). The significant difference test showed that the difference between the age group and the body weight was (n=124, R2=0.9353). The growth equation of body length and body weight von Bertalanffy is: the growth velocity curve of body length and body length has no turning point; the turning point of the body weight growth rate is 1.11 years old, the same as the minimum sexual age, and the corresponding body length and body weight at the turning point are 131.02 mm and 11.05 g., respectively. In order to make better use of and protect the resources of anchovy, the growth of archovy in the different developmental stages of.2. in the Changjiang Estuary should be grown in the main breeding period of the anchovy at Changjiang Estuary by 103 ind. to analyze the larvae and juveniles of anchovy anchovy in the main breeding period of the anchovy at Changjiang Estuary in the main breeding period of 2014 4~8. The fish samples showed that the age range was 5~48 D and the body length was between 4.20~26.21 mm. The growth of the early development of anchovy anchovy in the Yangtze Estuary was studied at different stages. The growth of the body length of the larvae and juveniles of anchovy (5~48 day age) was measured in 3 stages (5~11 days, 12~30 days, 31~48 days of age). The growth rate of the body length at different days of age was significant (P0.). 05. Early otolith development found that otolith was long, the width of otolith increased with the growth of the fish body, and the growth rate increased about 2 times after 17,19 days of age. The relationship between otolith length, otolith width and day age was analyzed by piecewise regression, and the inflexion points of the two speed growth were found at the age of 19,20, slow growth before the turning point, and then rapid birth. The study found that the otolith morphology of the early growth and development stages of the anchovy was significantly changed: the yolk sac period and the front bending period were round; the growth of otolith length in the bending period was larger than the otolith wide growth, the otolith gradually became oval; the otolith length and width ratio remained stable after the otolith was stable, and the microchemistry of the otolith of the.3. anchovy at the Yangtze Estuary was basically stable. In order to understand the life history of the anchovy in the Yangtze Estuary, this paper collected the samples of the anchovy in the Yangtze Estuary in August 2015. Using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of laser ablation linkage, the strontium and calcium in the otolith were measured. The quantitative line analysis showed that the anchovy in the Yangtze Estuary had two different types of life history. There are obvious migratory habits and other types of migratory habits. The two types of life history have both characteristics and certain generality. The commonness is that the life history of the type of life history is a more complex life history, that is, the migratory habit, the ratio of strontium calcium in otolith is oviposition and the salty aquatic in hatching. The living habits and the living habits of sea water in the growth and development. The other type of life history is that the ratio of strontium calcium is more than 7, reflecting the habit of living in brackish water, and does not show the migratory habit. These two different types of life history reflect the survival strategy of the growth and development of the anchovy, which also indicates that the Yangtze Estuary may exist. The purpose of this paper is to explore the life history types of the anchovy in the Yangtze Estuary, and provide the basic information for the protection and utilization of the resources of the anchovy and the artificial culture in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S917.4

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