本文選題：生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù) + 權(quán)衡與協(xié)同　； 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)具有固碳增匯、固土保肥、提供木材產(chǎn)品及生物多樣性保育等多種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù),對陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和人類經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展具有至關(guān)重要的作用。但是,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)之間具有相互制約、相互影響的復雜關(guān)系。伴隨著經(jīng)濟社會的發(fā)展和人口的快速增長,人類對森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞,導致了森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)能力的下降。因此,正確認知森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)之間的關(guān)系,有利于準確評估森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能和制定科學政策以實現(xiàn)其可持續(xù)發(fā)展。本研究以亞熱帶地區(qū)馬尾松-石櫟針闊混交林、南酸棗落葉闊葉林和青岡-石櫟常綠闊葉林三種次生林研究對象,選取植物多樣性、調(diào)節(jié)服務(wù)(氣候調(diào)節(jié)、空氣質(zhì)量調(diào)節(jié)、土壤碳、氮儲量調(diào)節(jié))及供給服務(wù)(能源供給、木材供給)指標,比較3種次生林之間7個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)指標的差異,采用均方根偏差法(RMSD)研究了 3種次生林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)之間權(quán)衡與協(xié)同的關(guān)系,并分析了權(quán)衡與協(xié)同關(guān)系的影響因素,研究結(jié)果如下:(1)南酸棗落葉闊葉林植物多樣性顯著高于馬尾松-石櫟針闊混交林和青岡-石櫟常綠闊葉林(P0.05),但馬尾松-石櫟針闊混交林與青岡-石櫟常綠闊葉林差異不顯著。南酸棗落葉闊葉林和青岡-石櫟常綠闊葉林的土壤碳、氮儲量差異不顯著,但顯著高于馬尾松-石櫟針闊混交林(P0.05)。生物量固定的C02(C02.equ.)、生物量及基徑斷面積(BA)結(jié)果一致,表現(xiàn)為馬尾松-石櫟針闊混交林青岡-石櫟常綠闊葉林南酸棗落葉闊葉林,且3種次生林之間存在顯著性差異。3種次生林中青岡-石櫟常綠闊葉林葉面積指數(shù)(LAI)顯著大于南酸棗落葉闊葉林,但這兩種森林類型均與馬尾松-石櫟針闊混交林差異不顯著。(2)3種次生林生物多樣性與4種調(diào)節(jié)服務(wù)和2種供給服務(wù)均表現(xiàn)為最高程度的權(quán)衡,表現(xiàn)為生物多樣性相對收益較多。3種次生林土壤碳儲量調(diào)節(jié)與氮儲量調(diào)節(jié)均位于1:1線的附近,氣候調(diào)節(jié)與能源供給點均落在1:1線上,表明土壤碳儲量調(diào)節(jié)與氮儲量調(diào)節(jié)、氣候調(diào)節(jié)與能源供給間存在協(xié)同關(guān)系。3種森林類型氣候調(diào)節(jié)與木材供給、能源供給與木材供給權(quán)衡時,木材供給具有相對較高的收益。(3)地形因素(高程、凹凸度等)與樹種組成對森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)權(quán)衡關(guān)系有不同的影響。馬尾松-石櫟針闊混交林中土壤氮儲量調(diào)節(jié)與木材供給之間權(quán)衡關(guān)系主要受到高程的影響,南酸棗落葉闊葉林空氣質(zhì)量調(diào)節(jié)與生物多樣性之間權(quán)衡關(guān)系受到高程和凹凸度2個地形因素的影響,而青岡-石櫟常綠闊葉林中的質(zhì)量調(diào)節(jié)與生物多樣性之間的權(quán)衡關(guān)系受到林分中針葉樹種比例、落葉闊葉樹種比例和常綠闊葉樹種比例等3個因素的共同影響。本研究比較了 3種次生林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)指標的差異,著重分析了次生林中生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)之間的權(quán)衡與協(xié)同關(guān)系,并對其可能的影響因素進行了探討,研究結(jié)果可為亞熱帶不同次生林的經(jīng)營與利用提供科學依據(jù),對根據(jù)不同生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)類型制定政策具有重要的科學意義。
[Abstract]:Forest ecosystems have a variety of ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, soil fixing and fertilizer conservation, providing wood products and biodiversity conservation, which play a vital role in terrestrial ecosystems and human economic and social development. However, the complex relationship between ecosystem services and mutual influence is accompanied by economic society. The rapid growth of the population and the destruction of the structure of the forest ecosystem have resulted in the decline in the service capacity of the forest ecosystem. Therefore, a correct understanding of the relationship between the forest ecosystem services is conducive to the accurate assessment of the function of the forest ecosystem services and the formulation of the scientific policy to achieve its sustainable development. Three secondary forests of Pinus massoniana - Stone Oak and broad-leaved coniferous forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest of South sour jujube and evergreen broad-leaved forest of Qinggang - oak oak are studied, and plant diversity, regulation service (climate regulation, air quality regulation, soil carbon and nitrogen reserves regulation) and supply services (energy supply, wood supply), and 7 of the 3 secondary forests are selected. The difference of ecosystem service index was studied by using root mean square deviation (RMSD). The relationship between tradeoff and synergy between 3 secondary forest ecosystems was studied. The factors affecting the tradeoff and synergy were analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) the species diversity of the deciduous broad-leaved forest of the South sour jujube was significantly higher than that of Pinus massoniana and Stone Oak broad-leaved mixed forest and green ridge. In the evergreen broad-leaved forest (P0.05), the difference was not significant between the Masson Pine - Stone Oak broad-leaved forest and the evergreen broad-leaved forest of Qinggang - oak oak. The soil carbon and nitrogen reserves in the soil of the deciduous broad-leaved and green oak evergreen broad-leaved forest were not significantly different, but significantly higher than the Masson pine coniferous broad-leaved forest (P0.05). The biomass fixed C02 (C02.equ.) and biomass. The results were consistent with the base diameter (BA), and the results showed that there was a significant difference between the 3 kinds of secondary forests. The leaf area index (LAI) of the green oak evergreen broad-leaved forest in.3 species was significantly greater than that of the South sour jujube deciduous broad-leaved forest, but the two forest types were different. The difference was not significant with the mixed forest of Pinus massoniana and stone oak. (2) the biological diversity of the 3 secondary forests and 4 kinds of regulation services and 2 kinds of supply services all showed the highest degree of balance, which showed that the soil carbon storage regulation and nitrogen reserves in the.3 secondary forests were both located near the 1:1 line, and the climate regulation and energy were regulated. The supply points all fall on the 1:1 line, indicating the regulation of soil carbon storage and the regulation of nitrogen reserves, there is a synergistic relationship between climate regulation and energy supply, and.3 forest types climate regulation and timber supply, and the relative higher yield of wood supply when the energy supply and timber supply are weighed. (3) topographic factors (elevation, concave and convex, etc.) and tree species composition The trade-off relationship between forest ecosystem services is different. The trade-off relationship between soil nitrogen reserves regulation and timber supply in Pinus massoniana and oak broad-leaved mixed forest is mainly influenced by height, and the balance between air quality regulation and biodiversity in the deciduous broad-leaved forest of South sour jujube is affected by 2 topographic factors. The trade-off relationship between quality regulation and biodiversity in Qinggang - Stone Oak evergreen broad-leaved forest was influenced by 3 factors such as the proportion of coniferous tree species, the proportion of deciduous broad-leaved tree species and the proportion of evergreen broad-leaved tree species in the forest. This study compared the differences in the ecosystem service indices of the 3 secondary forests, and focused on the secondary forest. The trade-off and synergistic relationship between state system services and its possible influencing factors are discussed. The results can provide scientific basis for the management and utilization of different subtropical secondary forests in subtropics, and have important scientific significance for formulating policies according to different types of ecosystem services.
【學位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S718.5
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本文編號：2056773