本文選題：羔羊 + 湖羊��； 參考：《塔里木大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文旨在通過(guò)部分扣除法研究了日糧中賴(lài)氨酸(LYS,lysine)、蛋氨酸(MET,methionine、蘇氨酸(THR,threonine)和色氨酸(TRP,tryptophan)扣除對(duì)湖羊羔羊生長(zhǎng)性能、屠宰性能、消化代謝和血清生化指標(biāo)的影響,確立了以日增重(ADG)、飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率(F/G)、屠宰率(DP)和氮沉積(NR)為指標(biāo)限制性氨基酸順序及平衡模式。并進(jìn)一步通過(guò)屠體法探討了羔羊屠體不同部位氨基酸組成和模式,為科學(xué)規(guī)�；B(yǎng)羊提供理論依據(jù)。本研究包括三個(gè)部分,具體內(nèi)容如下:試驗(yàn)一必需氨基酸扣除對(duì)斷奶羔羊生長(zhǎng)性能、屠宰性能、限制性順序和模式的探索本試驗(yàn)采用單因素試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),以四種主要氨基酸部分扣除為試驗(yàn)因素,通過(guò)測(cè)定羔羊生長(zhǎng)性能、屠宰性能來(lái)探索斷奶羔羊的四種必需氨基酸的限制性順序和需要量模式。選取50日齡湖羊斷奶公羊100只,隨機(jī)分為5組(每組4個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)5只):對(duì)照組(PC)飼喂氨基酸(AA)平衡的飼糧,PC組飼糧賴(lài)氨酸、蛋氨酸、蘇氨酸和色氨酸含量分別為1.16%、0.38%、0.58%和0.16%,4個(gè)試驗(yàn)組飼喂在PC組的基礎(chǔ)上分別扣除30%的賴(lài)氨酸(PD-Lys)、蛋氨酸(PD-Met)、蘇氨酸(PD-Thr)和色氨酸(PD-Trp組)的飼糧,其余氨基酸保持一致。預(yù)試驗(yàn)10 d,試驗(yàn)期為60 d。于羔羊60、90和120日齡稱(chēng)量體重,在120日齡每組隨機(jī)選取6只羔羊進(jìn)行屠宰。結(jié)果表明:1)120日齡PD-Met組羔羊體重顯著低于PC、PD-Lys、PD-Thr和PD-Trp組(P0.05),60-90日齡和90-120日齡PD-Met組羔羊日增重(ADG)和飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率(F/G)顯著低于PC、PD-Lys、PD-Thr和PD-Trp組(P(27)0.05);120日齡時(shí),PD-Met組羔羊的空體重、胴體重、頭蹄和皮毛重、心臟、肝臟重量及其占宰前活重均顯著低于PC組(P(27)0.05);2)結(jié)合以最大ADG和F/G為指標(biāo)時(shí),兩階段四種AA限制性順序?yàn)?Met(29)Lys(29)Thr(29)Trp(60-90 d)和Met(29)Lys(29)Trp(29)Thr(90-120 d);而以最大DP為指標(biāo)時(shí),羔羊氨基酸的限制性順序?yàn)镸et(29)Lys(29)Trp(29)Thr(60-120 d)。以最大ADG和F/G作為參考指標(biāo)時(shí),兩階段Lys、Met、Thr和Trp的適宜比例分別為100:44:44:8、100:42:38:12、100:54:45:7和100:47:39:12;以最大DP為指標(biāo)時(shí),60-120 d日齡四個(gè)處理組Lys、Met、Thr和Trp的適宜比例為100:34:38:8(60-120 d)。由以上結(jié)果可以看出,不同評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)(ADG、F/G和DP)得出的不同生長(zhǎng)階段Lys、Met、Thr和Trp的限制性順序和需要模型是不同的。從湖羊斷奶羔羊的生長(zhǎng)性能、F/G、屠宰性能、器官指數(shù)和氨基酸模式的結(jié)果看,隨著日齡的增長(zhǎng),羔羊?qū)et的限制性大于Lys、Thr和Trp,且綜合羔羊獲得最大ADG、F/G和DP時(shí),Lys、Met、Thr和Trp的適宜模式為100:44:42:8(60-90 d)和100:41:38:11(90-120 d)。試驗(yàn)二必需氨基酸扣除對(duì)斷奶羔羊營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)消化代謝、氮平衡模式、血清學(xué)指標(biāo)和瘤胃發(fā)酵參數(shù)的影響本試驗(yàn)利用氨基酸部分扣除法研究開(kāi)食料賴(lài)氨酸、蛋氨酸、蘇氨酸和色氨酸對(duì)斷奶后羔羊氮利用率、瘤胃發(fā)酵參數(shù)和血清學(xué)指標(biāo)的影響,以期確立氮平衡氨基酸限制性順序和模式。試驗(yàn)處理和方法同試驗(yàn)一。分別于羔羊80-90日齡和110-120日齡進(jìn)行兩期氮平衡試驗(yàn)。于90、120日齡測(cè)定其血清學(xué)指標(biāo),并測(cè)定瘤胃發(fā)酵參數(shù)。結(jié)果表明:1)80-90日齡,PD-Lys和PD-Met組尿N排放量顯著高于PC組(P0.05),PD-Met組N沉積、N利用率、N表觀消化率和N表觀生物學(xué)價(jià)值顯著低于PC、PD-Thr和PD-Trp組(P0.05);在110-120日齡期間,PD-Met組的N沉積、N沉積率、N表觀消化率和N表觀生物學(xué)價(jià)值均顯著低于PC組(P0.01)。2)以最大氮沉積(NR)為衡量指標(biāo)時(shí),60-90日齡和90-120日齡兩階段的限制性氨基酸順序均為:Met(29)Lys(29)Thr(29)Trp和Met(29)Lys(29)Trp(29)Thr。獲得最大NR時(shí)四種氨基酸模式分別為100:37:45:12和100:41:39:12。3)90日齡PD-Met組葡萄糖顯著低于PC組(P0.05),120日齡PD-Met組白蛋白、球蛋白、尿素氮和膽固醇顯著低于PC組(P0.05)。4)PD-Lys組和PD-Met組瘤胃pH含量極顯著低于PC組、PD-Thr和PD-Trp組(P(27)0.01),PD-Met、PD-Thr和PD-Trp組的丙酸和丁酸濃度極顯著低于PC和PD-Lys組(P(27)0.01)。綜上所述,60-120日齡斷奶羔羊開(kāi)食料中添加PD-Lys、PD-Met、PD-Thr和PD-Trp可以在一定程度上提高湖羊斷奶公羔羊的氮沉積量;改善瘤胃發(fā)酵功能。Lys、Met、Thr和Trp的限制性氨基酸順序分別為Met(29)Lys(29)Thr(29)Trp(60-90 d)和Met(29)Lys(29)Trp(29)Thr(90-120 d),適宜模式為100:39:42:12。試驗(yàn)三四種必需氨基酸缺乏對(duì)湖羊斷奶羔羊肉品質(zhì)和不同部位氨基酸含量變化的影響本試驗(yàn)旨在研究飼糧中賴(lài)氨酸、蛋氨酸、蘇氨酸和色氨酸對(duì)斷奶湖羊公羔羊肉品質(zhì)、不同部位氨基酸組成和含量的影響。試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)和方法同試驗(yàn)一。結(jié)果表明:1)PC和PD-Lys組眼肌面積、PH值和肉色L*值極顯著高于PD-Met、PD-Thr和PD-Trp組(P0.01),PD-Lys組剪切力顯著低于PD-Thr和PD-Trp組(P0.05);2)PD-Met組胴體粗蛋白含量和頭蹄樣水分含量顯著低于PC和PD-Lys組(P0.05),PC、PD-Lys和PD-Met組皮毛粗脂肪含量極顯著低于PD-Thr和PD-Trp組(P0.01);3)氨基酸不平衡組屠體TEAA和TNAA含量顯著低于PC組。60-120日齡湖羊胴體、皮毛和頭蹄樣的Lys、Met、Thr和Trp氨基酸模式分別為100:35:44:13、100:21:129:11和100:34:70:7。綜合以上結(jié)果,日糧中缺乏必需氨基酸對(duì)羔羊肉品質(zhì)和屠體氨基酸組成有較大影響,羔羊胴體氨基酸模式與扣除法得到氨基酸模式接近�？傊�,必需氨基酸缺乏及氨基酸不平衡直接影響了羔羊的體重、日增重和屠宰性能,阻礙了氮消化代謝、瘤胃揮發(fā)酸和血清學(xué)含量,降低了肉品質(zhì)、屠體營(yíng)養(yǎng),并對(duì)屠體不同部位氨基酸含量和模型造成不利的影響;而且,不同部位氨基酸含量和比例接近羔羊ADG、F/G、DP和NR氨基酸平衡模式。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to study the effects of LYS (lysine), methionine (MET, methionine, THR, threonine) and tryptophan (TRP, tryptophan) on the growth performance, slaughter performance, digestion and metabolism and serum biochemical indexes of sheep lambs, and established a daily weight gain (ADG), feed conversion rate (F/G), and slaughter rate (D). P) and nitrogen deposition (NR) as the index limiting amino acid sequence and equilibrium model. Furthermore, the amino acid composition and pattern of different parts of lamb slaughterhouse were discussed by the slaughterhouse method, which provided a theoretical basis for scientific scale raising sheep. This study includes three parts. The specific contents are as follows: a test of a essential amino acid for the growth performance of weaned lambs The experiment of slaughter performance, restriction sequence and pattern is designed by single factor experiment, and four kinds of main amino acids are deducted as test factors. By measuring the growth performance of lamb and slaughter performance, the restrictive order and demand pattern of four essential amino acids of the weaned lambs are explored. 100 weanling rams of 50 day old age lake sheep are selected. They were randomly divided into 5 groups (4 repetitions in each group, 5 for each repeat): the control group (PC) was fed with amino acid (AA) balanced diet, and the contents of lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan in the PC group were 1.16%, 0.38%, 0.58% and 0.16%, respectively, and 4 test groups were fed on the basis of group PC to deduct 30% lysine (PD-Lys), methionine (PD-Met), and threonine (PD). -Thr) and tryptophan (group PD-Trp) diet, the rest of the amino acids were consistent. The pre test was 10 d, the test period was 60 D. at 60,90 and 120 days old weight, and 6 lambs were slaughtered at 120 days of age. The results showed that 1) the 120 day old PD-Met group was significantly lower than PC, PD-Lys, PD-Thr and PD-Trp groups (P0.05), 60-90 days of age and 90-. The daily weight gain (ADG) and feed conversion rate (F/G) of 120 day old PD-Met lambs were significantly lower than those of PC, PD-Lys, PD-Thr and PD-Trp group (P (27) 0.05). At 120 days old, the empty weight, carcass weight, head and fur weight, heart, liver weight and pre slaughter live weight of group PD-Met were significantly lower than those of PC group (P (27) 0.05) at 120 days of age; 2) combined with maximum ADG and two as the index, two The four AA restrictive sequences are: Met (29) Lys (29) Thr (29) Trp (60-90 d) and Met (29) Lys (29) Trp (29) Thr (90-120 d), while the limiting order of lamb amino acids is (29) (29) (29) when the maximum DP is the index. 44:8100:42:38:12100:54:45:7 and 100:47:39:12; with the maximum DP as the index, the appropriate proportion of Lys, Met, Thr and Trp at 60-120 D days of age is 100:34:38:8 (60-120 d). Same. From the results of the growth performance, F/G, slaughter performance, organ index and amino acid patterns of sheep weaning lambs, with the growth of age, the lambs are more restrictive to Met than Lys, Thr and Trp, and when the lamb gets the maximum ADG, F/G and DP, the suitable mode of Lys, Met, Thr and Trp (90-120). The effects of two essential amino acids on nutrient digestion, metabolism, nitrogen balance, serological index and rumen fermentation parameters of the weaned lambs, the effect of amino acid partial deduction on the effects of lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan on the nitrogen use rate, the rumen fermentation parameters and the serological indexes of the weaned lambs In order to establish the restriction sequence and pattern of nitrogen balanced amino acid. Experimental treatment and method were used in the same experiment. 80-90 days of age and 110-120 days of age of lamb were tested respectively. The serological indexes were measured at 90120 days of age and the rumen fermentation parameters were measured. The results showed that the urine N emission of PD-Lys and PD-Met groups was significantly higher than that of P at 80-90 days of age. Group C (P0.05), N deposition in group PD-Met, N utilization, N apparent digestibility and N apparent biological value were significantly lower than PC, PD-Thr and PD-Trp groups (P0.05). During the 110-120 day age, the deposition rate, the apparent digestibility and the apparent biological value of the PD-Met group were significantly lower than those of the maximum nitrogen deposition (60-90 days of age). The order of the limiting amino acids in the two stage of the 90-120 day age was: Met (29) Lys (29) Thr (29) Trp and Met (29) Lys (29) Trp (29) Thr. obtained the maximum NR, four amino acids were 100:37:45:12 and 100:41:39:12.3) 90 days old PD-Met group glucose was significantly lower than that of the group of albumin, globulin, urea nitrogen and cholesterol. The rumen pH content in group PD-Lys and PD-Met group was significantly lower than that in group PD-Lys and PD-Met, PD-Thr and PD-Trp group (P (27) 0.01), PD-Met, the concentration of propionic acid and butyric acid in PD-Thr and.4 group was significantly lower than that in the group of PD-Met and PD-Trp (27) 0.01. The nitrogen deposition of weanling male lambs was improved to a certain degree, and the order of limiting amino acids in the rumen fermentation function.Lys, Met, Thr and Trp were Met (29) Lys (29) Thr (29) Trp (60-90 d) and Met (29) Lys (29) Trp (90-120), and the suitable model was to test three or four essential amino acids for lacked lamb meat quality of Hu sheep. Influence of lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan on the quality of lamb and mutton in weanling sheep and the amino acid composition and content of different parts of the weaned sheep. Experimental design and methods were designed and tested. The results showed: 1) the area of eye muscle, pH value and L* value of meat color in group PC and PD-Lys were very significant. Higher than PD-Met, PD-Thr and PD-Trp group (P0.01), the shear force of PD-Lys group was significantly lower than that of PD-Thr and PD-Trp group (P0.05); 2) the crude protein content of the carcass and the content of head hoofed water were significantly lower than those of PC and PD-Lys group (P0.05). The content of body TEAA and TNAA was significantly lower than that of the.60-120 day old lake sheep carcass in PC group. The Lys, Met, Thr and Trp amino acid patterns of the fur and head hoofed samples were 100:35:44:13100:21:129:11 and 100:34:70:7., respectively. The lack of essential amino acids in the diet had a great influence on the lamb quality and the composition of the carcass amino acid, and the amino acid model of the lamb carcass. In conclusion, the lack of essential amino acids and unbalance of amino acids directly affect the weight of the lamb, the daily weight gain and the slaughter performance, hindering the nitrogen metabolism, the volatile acid and the serological content of the rumen, the meat quality, the butcher nutrition, and the adverse effects on the amino acid content and model of the different parts of the slaughterhouse. The amino acid content and proportion of different parts were close to the amino acid balance mode of lamb ADG, F/G, DP and NR.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：塔里木大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S826.5

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