本文選題：砒砂巖 + 陡邊坡�。� 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：干旱半干旱的晉陜蒙交界地區(qū),砒砂巖陡邊坡廣泛分布,水土流失嚴(yán)重,陡邊坡對產(chǎn)沙有重要貢獻(xiàn)。對晉陜蒙地區(qū)草本植物生長模式進(jìn)行考察發(fā)現(xiàn),主要存在株?duì)钌L和叢狀生長兩種植物類型。為探明其對砒砂巖風(fēng)化陡邊坡侵蝕的影響。在晉陜蒙砒砂巖分布區(qū)修建人工模擬小區(qū),模擬自然狀況之下草本植物生長模式,對照裸露陡邊坡,進(jìn)行自然降雨實(shí)驗(yàn)和徑流沖刷實(shí)驗(yàn)。通過過程觀察和數(shù)據(jù)分析,初步得到以下的結(jié)論:(1)自然降雨侵蝕產(chǎn)沙的最小I30為0.07mm/min,最小侵蝕產(chǎn)沙降雨量為10.2mm。相關(guān)分析沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)降雨強(qiáng)度和降雨量與侵蝕量之間存在顯著相關(guān)性。與I30相比,I10更能預(yù)測較短邊坡和當(dāng)?shù)亟涤晏卣飨碌漠a(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙發(fā)生。各個(gè)處理多次降雨的產(chǎn)沙量和產(chǎn)流量之間顯示出極顯著的相關(guān)性,并且決定系數(shù)較大。沙水比隨株間距和叢間距的增大而增大,徑流對產(chǎn)沙的貢獻(xiàn)大。(2)降雨過程和沖刷過程產(chǎn)流量隨株間距變化沒有顯示一致的變化特征,但是隨叢增大產(chǎn)流量逐漸減小。沖刷過程中,產(chǎn)沙過程主要發(fā)生在實(shí)驗(yàn)的早期,迅速達(dá)到峰值,之后下降,產(chǎn)沙的主要階段為產(chǎn)流后12min之內(nèi)。不同草本模式下侵蝕量總體趨勢為:株?duì)钐幚黼S株間距的增大,產(chǎn)沙量增大,隨著叢增大,產(chǎn)沙量也增大,沙水比也有相似的變化特征。株間距增大和叢增大產(chǎn)沙平均粒徑呈增大的趨勢,大于1mm的泥沙也隨著株間距增大和叢的增大而增大,后期產(chǎn)沙平均粒徑大于前期產(chǎn)沙平均粒徑。坡面細(xì)溝的加深主要發(fā)生在水流進(jìn)入坡面到產(chǎn)流后4min的時(shí)間段內(nèi),侵蝕溝的深占最終侵蝕溝深的43%~84%,之后侵蝕溝緩慢加深,到約30min時(shí)侵蝕細(xì)溝趨于穩(wěn)定,最大深度為24.0mm。陣性水流對侵蝕溝以外的地方產(chǎn)生侵蝕作用,對后期產(chǎn)沙有一定的貢獻(xiàn)作用。(3)選取坡面水流測量各個(gè)參數(shù)計(jì)算得到水動(dòng)力參數(shù)。但不管是流速、剪切力、水流功率還是達(dá)西維斯巴赫阻力系數(shù)都沒有隨植被模式變化而表現(xiàn)出顯著的相關(guān)性。(4)在相同的植物密度下,稀疏狀生長的植物模式,而不是叢狀生長的植物模式對砒砂巖風(fēng)化土陡邊坡水力侵蝕的防治更有效。
[Abstract]:In the arid and semi-arid border area of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Mongolia, the soft sandstone steep slope is widely distributed, and the soil erosion is serious, and the steep slope has an important contribution to sand production. The growth patterns of herbaceous plants in Shanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia were investigated. It was found that there were two kinds of plant types: plant growth and cluster growth. In order to find out its influence on the erosion of arsenopyst weathered steep slope. Artificial simulated plot was built in the distribution area of soft rock in Shanxi, Shaanxi and Mongolia, and the growth pattern of herbaceous plants under natural condition was simulated. The natural rainfall experiment and runoff scour experiment were carried out in contrast to the exposed steep slope. Through process observation and data analysis, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) the minimum I _ (30) of natural rainfall erosion and sediment yield is 0.07 mm / min, and the minimum rainfall of erosion and sediment yield is 10.2 mm 路m ~ (-1). Correlation analysis showed no significant correlation between rainfall intensity, rainfall and erosion. Compared with I 30, I 10 can predict the occurrence of abortion sofa under the characteristics of short slope and local rainfall. There is a significant correlation between sediment yield and runoff of various treatments, and the determinant coefficient is large. The ratio of sediment to water increases with the increase of plant spacing and cluster spacing, and the contribution of runoff to sediment yield is great. 2) the variation of runoff with plant spacing does not show a consistent change in rainfall process and scouring process, but decreases gradually with the increase of cluster. During the scouring process, the sediment yield mainly occurred in the early stage of the experiment, reached the peak rapidly, then decreased. The main stage of sediment yield was within 12min after runoff production. The general trend of erosion amount in different herbaceous models was as follows: with the increase of plant spacing, sediment yield increased, sediment yield also increased with the increase of cluster, and the ratio of sediment to water had a similar change. The average grain size of sediment larger than 1mm also increased with the increase of plant spacing and cluster, and the average grain size of sediment yield in the later stage was larger than the average diameter of sediment yield in the early stage. The deepening of the gully occurred mainly in the period between the flow entering the slope surface and the 4min after runoff generation. The depth of the erosion trench occupied 43 ~ 84m of the final erosion ditch depth, and then the erosion ditch slowly deepened, and at about 30min, the erosion gully tended to stabilize, the maximum depth was 24.0mm. The matrix flow has a certain contribution to the sediment yield in the later stage, besides the erosion of the erosion ditch.) the hydrodynamic parameters are calculated by selecting the various parameters of the slope surface water flow measurement. But there was no significant correlation between velocity, shear stress, flow power and Darcy Weisbach resistance coefficient. The plant model, which is not a cluster growth, is more effective to prevent hydraulic erosion of arsenopyst weathered soil slope.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S157.1

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