本文選題：保護(hù)性耕作 + 秸稈還田��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：保護(hù)性耕作技術(shù)可以保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境、降低農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)成本,能有效實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。我國(guó)形成了以“地表覆蓋、少耕免耕、聯(lián)合作業(yè)”為關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的保護(hù)性耕作體系,通過(guò)聯(lián)合作業(yè)、蓄水保墑、培肥地力,實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。免耕播種機(jī)是保護(hù)性耕作的重要裝備之一,不同地區(qū)的作物種類(lèi)、作業(yè)環(huán)境以及農(nóng)藝要求各不相同,研發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)適用于不同地區(qū)的免耕播種機(jī)非常重要。種床清理是影響免耕播種機(jī)作業(yè)效果的重要條件,因此免耕播種機(jī)種床清理機(jī)構(gòu)至關(guān)重要,本文針對(duì)東北地區(qū)玉米保護(hù)性耕作模式,根據(jù)免耕播種機(jī)清茬機(jī)構(gòu)的技術(shù)要求以及圓盤(pán)耙片的運(yùn)動(dòng)曲線,設(shè)計(jì)了一種具有凹面爪式結(jié)構(gòu)的種床清理機(jī)構(gòu)。本文所設(shè)計(jì)的凹面爪式清茬機(jī)構(gòu)在免耕播種機(jī)的牽引下與土壤產(chǎn)生了相互作用力,在土壤的反力作用下使得輪爪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),作業(yè)的輪爪撿拾并翻拋秸稈,達(dá)到清理種床的目的。通過(guò)理論分析確定清茬機(jī)構(gòu)主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù):凹面圓盤(pán)曲率半徑為1346 mm、凹面圓盤(pán)直徑為320 mm、清茬輪輪爪數(shù)量為12。通過(guò)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)分析得出影響清茬機(jī)構(gòu)的種床清理能力的主要因素為:免耕播種機(jī)的作業(yè)速度、清茬輪觸土深度以及清茬輪運(yùn)動(dòng)偏角。對(duì)傳統(tǒng)平面清茬機(jī)構(gòu)與凹面爪式清茬機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比試驗(yàn),在同一因素水平下,分析對(duì)比了同一結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的平面清茬機(jī)構(gòu)和凹面清茬機(jī)構(gòu)的清茬率以及其它參考試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),得出本文所設(shè)計(jì)的凹面清茬機(jī)構(gòu)清茬效果高于平面清茬機(jī)構(gòu)、所受秸稈和土壤總力低于平面清茬機(jī)構(gòu)。本文采用仿真分析與田間試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的試驗(yàn)手段,保證了試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的可靠性。建立秸稈粉碎還田條件下的清茬機(jī)構(gòu)—地面系統(tǒng)模型,仿真分析了清茬機(jī)構(gòu)各因素各水平組合下的作業(yè)情況。仿真試驗(yàn)主要試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)為清茬率,參考試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)為清茬機(jī)構(gòu)作業(yè)時(shí)所受來(lái)自土壤和秸稈的總力以及秸稈翻拋速度。根據(jù)Design-Expert軟件中Box-Behnken Design組合設(shè)計(jì)原理,進(jìn)行田間正交試驗(yàn),田間試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)為清茬率,通過(guò)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)優(yōu)化分析得出凹面清茬機(jī)構(gòu)最佳工作參數(shù)組合。綜合EDEM仿真試驗(yàn)與田間試驗(yàn)得出本文所設(shè)計(jì)的凹面爪式清茬機(jī)構(gòu)的最佳參數(shù)組合為:運(yùn)動(dòng)偏角為37.5°、機(jī)具速度為2.77 m/s、觸土深度為70 mm。本文所設(shè)計(jì)的凹面爪式清茬機(jī)構(gòu)可有效清理種床、減少秸稈及雜草纏繞、減少機(jī)具堵塞、安全性高、能耗小,同時(shí)適用于我國(guó)玉米均勻壟耕作模式和玉米寬窄行作業(yè)模式。本文所設(shè)計(jì)的凹面爪式清茬機(jī)構(gòu)具有一定的結(jié)構(gòu)創(chuàng)新性,對(duì)凹面爪式清茬機(jī)構(gòu)主要試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)清茬率和其它參考試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)試驗(yàn)分析的結(jié)論,為秸稈還田條件下的種床清理機(jī)構(gòu)提供了研究基礎(chǔ);所建立的EDEM仿真模型對(duì)秸稈還田條件下的清茬機(jī)構(gòu)的仿真分析具參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Conservation tillage technology can protect the ecological environment, reduce the production cost of crops, and realize the sustainable development of agriculture effectively. China has formed a conservation tillage system with "surface cover, less tillage and no-tillage, combined operation" as the key technology. Through the combined operation, the soil moisture is stored and the soil fertility is increased, so as to realize the sustainable development of agriculture. The no-tillage planter is one of the important equipment of conservation tillage. The crop types, working environment and agronomic requirements are different in different areas. It is very important to develop and design no-tillage planter suitable for different areas. Seed bed cleaning is an important condition that affects the operation effect of no-tillage planter, so the cleaning mechanism of no-tillage planter seed bed is very important. According to the technical requirements of stubble cleaning mechanism of no-tillage planter and the movement curve of disc rake a kind of seed bed cleaning mechanism with concave claw structure was designed. The concave claw type stubble cleaning mechanism designed in this paper has produced interaction force with soil under the traction of no-tillage planter. Under the action of soil reaction, the wheel claw rotates and the working wheel claw picks up and flips the straw, so as to clean up the seed bed. The main structural parameters of stubble cleaning mechanism are determined by theoretical analysis: the curvature radius of concave disc is 1346 mm, the diameter of concave disc is 320 mm, and the number of stubble wheel claw is 12.2 mm. Through kinematics and dynamics analysis, the main factors affecting the cleaning ability of the seed bed of the stubble cleaning mechanism are as follows: the operating speed of the no-tillage planter, the depth of soil contact of the stubble wheel and the angle of movement of the stubble wheel. The conventional plane stubble cleaning mechanism and concave claw stubble cleaning mechanism are compared. Under the same factor level, the stubble removal rate of plane stubble cleaning mechanism and concave stubble cleaning mechanism with the same structural parameters and other reference test indexes are analyzed and compared. It is concluded that the stubble cleaning effect of concave stubble cleaning mechanism is higher than that of plane stubble cleaning mechanism, and the total force of straw and soil is lower than that of plane stubble cleaning mechanism. In this paper, the reliability of the test results is ensured by the combination of simulation analysis and field experiments. The ground system model of stubble mechanism under the condition of straw comminuting and returning to field was established, and the operation situation was simulated and analyzed under each level combination of various factors of stubble mechanism. The main test index of simulation test is stubble rate, and the reference index is the total force from soil and straw and the rotation rate of straw. According to the principle of Box-Behnken Design combination design in Design-Expert software, the field orthogonal experiment was carried out, and the field experiment index was stubble cleaning rate. The optimum working parameters combination of concave stubble cleaning mechanism was obtained by optimizing analysis of test data. The optimum parameters of the concave claw stubble cleaning mechanism designed in this paper are as follows: the angle of motion is 37.5 擄, the speed of the machine is 2.77 m / s, and the depth of touching soil is 70 mm. The concave claw type stubble cleaning mechanism designed in this paper can effectively clean up the seed bed, reduce the winding of straw and weeds, reduce the clogging of machinery and tools, have high safety and low energy consumption. It is also suitable for maize uniform ridge tillage and wide and narrow row operation in China. The concave claw type stubble cleaning mechanism designed in this paper has certain structural innovation. The conclusion of the experiment analysis on the main test indexes of concave claw stubble cleaning mechanism and other reference test indexes is concluded. It provides the research foundation for the seed bed cleaning mechanism under the condition of straw returning to the field, and the EDEM simulation model established has reference value for the simulation analysis of the stubble cleaning mechanism under the condition of straw returning to the field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S223.2

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