發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-02 10:45

  本文選題：農(nóng)田栽參 + 人參皂苷　； 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：人參(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)為五加科人參屬多年生陰生草本植物,主要以根入藥,具有補(bǔ)氣益智、調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)體免疫、抗癌、降血糖等功效,是一味馳名中外的藥用植物。近年來在傳統(tǒng)的伐林栽參模式下,森林生態(tài)環(huán)境被嚴(yán)重破壞,栽參和環(huán)境之間的矛盾難以緩解�？紤]到生態(tài)環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,農(nóng)田栽參模式日益流行,為了能夠使農(nóng)田人參有效成分和產(chǎn)量最大化,確定農(nóng)田栽參最佳采收時(shí)期,本文以集安地區(qū)3-6年生紅果期后不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)人參為材料,通過炮制加工,制成生曬參和紅參,對(duì)其中有效成分人參皂苷、糖類和氨基酸進(jìn)行含量測(cè)定,比較其變化規(guī)律,從而為農(nóng)田栽參最佳采收期研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。其實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:1.生曬參中所測(cè)Rg1、Re、Rf、Rb1、Ro、Rc、Rb2、Rb3和Rd,9種人參皂苷含量隨著人參栽培年限的增加而逐漸增加,9月21日6年生人參9種人參皂苷含量最高,達(dá)到5.34%。把皂苷成分累積和生長(zhǎng)動(dòng)態(tài)結(jié)合考慮,即有效成分最大累積值,出現(xiàn)在9月21日5年生人參。紅參中所測(cè)Rg1、Re、Rf、Rb1、Ro、Rc、Rb2、Rb3、Rd、Rg3(S)、Rg3(R)、Rh2(S)和Rh2(R),13種人參皂苷含量隨著人參栽培年限的增加而逐漸增加,9月21日6年生人參皂苷含量最高,達(dá)到4.95%。有效成分最大累計(jì)值出現(xiàn)在9月21日采收的5年生紅參。2.生曬參中所測(cè)果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和麥芽糖,4種糖類含量隨著人參栽培年限的增加而逐漸減少,9月21日3年生4種糖類含量最高,達(dá)到89.71mg/g。把糖類成分累積和生態(tài)動(dòng)態(tài)結(jié)合考慮,即有效成分最大累積值,出現(xiàn)在9月11日采收的5年生人參。紅參中所測(cè)果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和麥芽糖,4種糖類含量4年生紅參達(dá)到峰值,然后隨著人參栽培年限的增加而逐漸減少,9月11日4年生人參糖類含量最高,達(dá)到169.41mg/g,有效成分最大累積最大值出現(xiàn)在9月11日采收的5年生紅參。3.生曬參中所測(cè)天冬氨酸、蘇氨酸、絲氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、胱氨酸、纈氨酸、蛋氨酸、異亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、賴氨酸、組氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸,17種氨基酸含量隨著人參栽培年限的增加而逐漸增加,10月1日人參根中17種氨基酸含量卻隨著人參栽培年限的增加而逐漸減少,9月21日6年生人參17種氨基酸含量最高,達(dá)到89.03mg/g,把氨基酸成分累積和生長(zhǎng)動(dòng)態(tài)結(jié)合考慮,即有效成分最大累積值,出現(xiàn)在10月1日采收的6年生人參。紅參中所測(cè)天冬氨酸、蘇氨酸、絲氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、胱氨酸、纈氨酸、蛋氨酸、異亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、賴氨酸、組氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸,17種氨基酸含量隨著人參栽培年限的增加而逐漸減少,9月1日3年生人參氨基酸含量最高,達(dá)到30.50mg/g,有效成分累積最大值出現(xiàn)在9月1日采收的6年生紅參。人參質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣主要取決于皂苷含量的多寡及比例,綜合生曬參和紅參中糖類及氨基酸的有效成分累積,建議農(nóng)田栽參最佳采收期定于每年的9月11日-9月21日期間。
[Abstract]:Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, a perennial herb of Panax ginseng, is a famous medicinal plant in China and abroad. It is mainly used as root medicine, which has the functions of invigorating qi, regulating body immunity, anti-cancer, lowering blood sugar and so on. In recent years, the forest ecological environment has been seriously damaged under the traditional model of cutting and planting ginseng, and the contradiction between planting ginseng and environment is difficult to alleviate. Considering the sustainable development of ecological environment, the cultivated ginseng pattern is becoming more and more popular. In order to maximize the effective components and yield of farmland ginseng, the optimal harvest period of cultivated ginseng is determined. Ginseng at different time points after 3-6 years old red fruit in Ji'an area was used as the material. Raw ginseng and red ginseng were prepared by processing. The contents of ginsenosides, carbohydrates and amino acids were determined, and the change rules of ginsenosides, carbohydrates and amino acids were compared. So as to lay a foundation for the study of optimal harvest time of cultivated ginseng in farmland. The experimental results are as follows: 1. The contents of 9 kinds of ginsenosides in Rg1, RfRb1, Rb1, and Rb2, Rb3 and Rdf1 were gradually increased with the increase of cultivation years. The contents of 9 kinds of ginsenosides were the highest in 6-year old ginseng on September 21, and reached 5.34% of the total ginsenosides. Considering the accumulation and growth dynamics of saponins, the maximum accumulation value of active components appeared in 5-year-old ginseng on September 21. The contents of ginsenosides of Rg1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rb3, Rg3, RG3, RG3, RG3, RG3, RG3, RG3, RG3, RG3, RG3, and RG3, RG3, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb1, Rb@@ The maximum accumulative value of active ingredient was found in the 5 year old red ginseng. 2. The contents of fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose in raw ginseng decreased gradually with the increase of cultivation years, and the highest sugar content was 89.71 mg / g in 3 years old on September 21. Considering the accumulation of sugar components and ecological dynamics, the maximum accumulation value of active components appeared in the 5-year-old ginseng collected on September 11. The contents of fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose in red ginseng reached a peak value in 4 years old, then decreased gradually with the increase of cultivation years of ginseng, and the sugar content of ginseng in 4 years old on September 11 was the highest. Reaching 169.41 mg / g, the maximum cumulative maximum of active components was found in the 5-year-old red ginseng .3collected on Sept. 11. Aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamate, glycine, alanine, cystine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, The contents of 17 amino acids of arginine and proline gradually increased with the increase of cultivation years of ginseng, but the contents of 17 kinds of amino acids in root of ginseng decreased gradually with the increase of cultivation years of ginseng on October 1. On 21 September, the contents of 17 kinds of amino acids in ginseng roots decreased gradually. The content of 17 amino acids is the highest, To 89.03 mg / g, combining the accumulation of amino acids with the growth dynamics, that is, the maximum accumulation value of active components, appeared in the 6-year-old ginseng collected on October 1. Aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamate, glycine, alanine, cystine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, The contents of 17 kinds of amino acids of arginine and proline gradually decreased with the increase of cultivation years of ginseng. The amino acid content of 3-year-old ginseng reached the highest level on September 1, reaching 30.50 mg / g. The maximum accumulation of active components appeared in 6-year-old red ginseng collected on September 1. The quality of ginseng mainly depends on the amount and proportion of saponins. It is suggested that the best harvest time of cultivated ginseng should be from September 11 to September 21, according to the accumulation of effective components of sugar and amino acids in raw ginseng and red ginseng.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S567.51

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