本文選題：馬鈴薯 + 穴播機(jī)　； 參考：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：西北旱作區(qū)干旱少雨,坡耕地面積大,耕地沒(méi)有灌溉條件,作物生長(zhǎng)所需水分主要依靠天然降水,作物產(chǎn)量低,嚴(yán)重制約著農(nóng)民的經(jīng)濟(jì)收益。為此,農(nóng)技工作者們提出了旱地覆膜栽培種植技術(shù),即通過(guò)覆蓋地膜提高旱作區(qū)土壤水分利用率,改善作物生長(zhǎng)狀況。馬鈴薯覆膜種植主要有兩種種植模式:一種是先播種后覆膜,待出苗后人工放苗;另一種是先覆膜后破膜打穴播種。后者蓄水保墑效果好,同時(shí)可以有效避免燒苗問(wèn)題,受到農(nóng)民們的青睞。然而,此種種植模式下膜上打穴播種覆土以人工作業(yè)為主,存在勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大,機(jī)械化作業(yè)困難,工作效率不高等不利因素。因此本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種膜上打穴播種覆土聯(lián)合作業(yè)機(jī),以期解決馬鈴薯膜上播種耗工費(fèi)時(shí)、作業(yè)效率低等問(wèn)題,從而提高西北地區(qū)馬鈴薯機(jī)械化種植程度,解放農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力,為農(nóng)民增收創(chuàng)造有利條件。本文主要研究了以下幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容:(1)按照馬鈴薯膜上播種的設(shè)計(jì)要求,確定馬鈴薯膜上穴播機(jī)要實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能,主要包括打穴、播種、覆土等,完成整機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)方案設(shè)計(jì)。(2)通過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)有打穴機(jī)構(gòu)種類、功能、作業(yè)性能的調(diào)查分析,結(jié)合馬鈴薯膜上穴播機(jī)打穴播種功能的要求,運(yùn)用運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)仿真及參數(shù)分析優(yōu)化,設(shè)計(jì)了一種雙曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu),能夠較好地完成馬鈴薯膜上打穴播種作業(yè)。(3)通過(guò)對(duì)提土覆土裝置的功能分析,進(jìn)行了離散單元法仿真模擬試驗(yàn)研究,并對(duì)相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,得到分土器的最佳工作參數(shù)組合:速比為2.56,排土口高度為200 mm,排土口寬度為120 mm,從而提高了取土覆土裝置的覆土性能。(4)雙曲柄連桿打穴播種機(jī)構(gòu)和提土覆土裝置的結(jié)合,提高了馬鈴薯膜上穴播機(jī)的工作性能,為先覆膜、后人工點(diǎn)播覆土的種植模式提供了機(jī)械化參考,可顯著提高生產(chǎn)率。(5)在理論分析的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)樣機(jī)進(jìn)行了田間試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果:空穴率為6.0%、孔穴錯(cuò)位率為4.9%、膜孔全覆土率為92.4%、穴距合格率為88.2%、播種深度合格率為87.0%,數(shù)據(jù)表明,本文研制的馬鈴薯膜上穴播機(jī)能夠滿足相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)主要性能指標(biāo)的要求,可一次性完成打穴、播種、覆土等工序,作業(yè)效果良好。
[Abstract]:Drought and little rain, large area of sloping farmland, no irrigation conditions, water demand for crop growth mainly rely on natural precipitation, crop yield is low, which seriously restricts the economic benefits of farmers. For this reason, the agronomists put forward the cultivation technique of mulching film in dry land, that is, to improve the soil water use efficiency and crop growth through mulching and plastic film mulching. There are two main planting modes of potato covered with film: one is seeding first, then the other is artificial seeding after seedling emergence, the other is seeding with film mulching first and then breaking film through hole. The latter has a good effect of water storage and moisture conservation, and can effectively avoid the problem of burning seedlings, which is favored by farmers. However, under this planting mode, artificial work is the main factor of seeding and covering soil with holes on film, which has many disadvantages such as high labor intensity, difficulty in mechanization and low working efficiency. In order to solve the problems of time consuming and low working efficiency of potato seeding on film, this paper designed a kind of seed and soil covering machine on film, so as to improve the degree of mechanization of potato planting in Northwest China and to liberate the rural labor force. Create favorable conditions for farmers to increase their income. This paper mainly studies the following aspects: 1) according to the design requirements of potato film seeding, the function of potato film seeding mechanism is determined, which mainly includes drilling holes, sowing seeds, covering soil, etc. Through the investigation and analysis of the types, functions and working performance of the existing drilling mechanism, combined with the requirements of the seeding function of the potato film seeding machine, the kinematics simulation and parameter analysis were used to optimize the mechanism. A kind of double crank connecting rod mechanism is designed, which can finish the seeding operation of potato on film and hole better. By analyzing the function of soil lifting device, the discrete element method simulation experiment is carried out. The related structural parameters are optimized. The optimum working parameters of the soil separator are as follows: the speed ratio is 2.56, the height of the dump is 200 mm, and the width of the soil outlet is 120 mm. Thus, the performance of the soil covering device is improved, and the combination of the double crank connecting rod drilling hole seeding mechanism and the soil lifting device is improved. The paper improves the working performance of potato film seeding machine and provides a mechanized reference for the planting mode of mulching film and then artificial seeding soil, which can significantly improve the productivity.) on the basis of theoretical analysis, the field experiment of the prototype is carried out. The results showed that the hole rate was 6.0, the hole dislocation rate was 4.9, the membrane hole complete covering rate was 92.4, the hole distance qualified rate was 88.2cm, and the qualified rate of seeding depth was 87.0. The data showed that, The potato film seeding machine developed in this paper can meet the requirements of the related standards for the main performance indexes, and can complete the drilling, seeding and soil covering processes at one time, and the operation effect is good.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S223.2

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本文編號(hào)：1968040