本文選題：甜菜 + 調(diào)虧灌溉��； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為探討甜菜節(jié)水、高產(chǎn)、高效的灌溉生理基礎(chǔ)和評價指標(biāo),于2015年和2016年采用人工防雨棚和人工灌溉補水控制土壤水分,滴灌條件下,在甜菜需水量最大的兩個生育時期-葉叢快速生長期和塊根糖分增長期設(shè)置了不同灌水下限:即田間持水量的60%～70%、50%～60%、40%～50%。研究虧缺灌溉對甜菜生理特性及產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率的影響,為高產(chǎn)甜菜節(jié)水灌溉提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。取得如下研究結(jié)果:1.甜菜葉叢快速生長期進行調(diào)虧灌溉,顯著降低了甜菜的株高和葉面積指數(shù),中度水分虧缺在復(fù)水后葉面積,根部干物質(zhì)量和根冠比具有補償效應(yīng),重度水分虧缺對甜菜的株高,葉面積指數(shù)和干物質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生抑制作用。塊根糖分增長期的調(diào)虧灌溉對甜菜的影響小于葉叢快速生長期,中度水分虧缺在復(fù)水后根部干物質(zhì)量有補償效應(yīng),重度虧缺復(fù)水后也能恢復(fù)生長。2.甜菜葉叢快速生長期輕度和中度水分虧缺后光合速率下降,主要是氣孔導(dǎo)度下降所致,在復(fù)水后可恢復(fù)光合性能,中度虧缺的光合速率提高,具有補償效應(yīng):重度水分虧缺復(fù)水后光合速率不能恢復(fù)。塊根糖分增長期中度水分調(diào)虧在復(fù)水后光合速率具有補償效應(yīng),重度虧缺復(fù)水后也能恢復(fù)正常。3.甜菜生育期耗水量隨灌水量的增加而增加,葉叢快速生長期和塊根糖分增長期耗水量分別為235mm和130mm時,產(chǎn)量和產(chǎn)糖量較高,而且水分利用效率也較高。4.甜菜葉叢快速生長期和塊根糖分增長期,中度水分虧缺較充分灌溉節(jié)水33.56%和36.82%,產(chǎn)量分別較對照提高7.34%和0.79%,水分利用效率分別提高28.46%和13.45%。滴灌甜菜葉叢快速生長期供水1147m3.hm-2,塊根糖分增長期供水635m3.hm-2,產(chǎn)量可達(dá)到92000kg.hm-2和86400kg hm-2,水分利用效率分別達(dá)到了 150kg.mm-1·hm-2和132kg·mm-1·hm-2。
[Abstract]:In order to study the physiological basis and evaluation index of water-saving, high-yield and high-efficiency irrigation of sugarbeet, artificial rainproof shed and artificial irrigation were used to control soil moisture in 2015 and 2016. Different irrigation lower limits were set in the two growing periods of the highest water demand of sugar beet, that is, the period of rapid growth of foliage and the growth of sugar content in root: that is, the water holding capacity of the field was 60 ~ (70) and 50 ~ (50). The effects of deficit irrigation on physiological characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of sugarbeet were studied in order to provide scientific basis for water-saving irrigation of high-yield sugarbeet. Get the following research result: 1. The plant height and leaf area index of sugarbeet were significantly decreased by regulating deficit irrigation during the rapid growth period of sugarbeet leaves. The moderate water deficit had compensatory effect on leaf area, root dry matter mass and root-shoot ratio after rehydration, and severe water deficit had compensatory effect on plant height of sugarbeet. Leaf area index and dry matter mass were inhibited. The effect of regulated deficit irrigation on sugarbeet was smaller than that in the fast growing period of leaf bush. The effect of moderate water deficit on dry matter quality of root was compensated after rehydration, and the growth of sugarbeet was also recovered after heavy deficit and rehydration. The photosynthetic rate of sugarbeet decreased after light and moderate water deficit in rapid growing period, which was mainly caused by the decrease of stomatal conductance, and the photosynthetic rate could be restored after rehydration, while the photosynthetic rate of moderate deficit was increased. Compensatory effect: the photosynthetic rate could not be recovered after severe water deficit was reclaimed. The moderate water deficit in root sugar growth stage can compensate the photosynthetic rate after rehydration, and return to the normal value of .3after severe deficit rehydration. The water consumption of sugarbeet increased with the increase of irrigation amount. When the water consumption of 235mm and 130mm in the rapid growth period of leaf bush and root sugar increased, the yield and sugar yield were higher, and the water use efficiency was also higher. 4. In the period of rapid growth of sugarbeet leaves and increasing sugar content of root, the moderate water deficit was 33.56% and 36.82%, the yield increased 7.34% and 0.79%, and the water use efficiency was 28.46% and 13.45% higher than that of the control, respectively. The water supply was 1147m3.hm-2 at the rapid growth stage of sugarbeet leaves under drip irrigation, 635m3.hm-2in the sugar-growing period of root, and the yield reached 92000kg.hm-2 and 86400kg hm-2, and the water use efficiency reached 150kg.mm-1 hm-2 and 132kg mm-1 hm-2, respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S566.3

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