本文選題：四指馬鲅 + 操作脅迫�。� 參考：《上海海洋大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為探究操作、運(yùn)輸脅迫對(duì)四指馬鲅(Eleutheronema tetradactylum)幼魚組織結(jié)構(gòu)及抗氧化系統(tǒng)的影響,本研究通過組織切片以及相關(guān)指標(biāo)的測(cè)定技術(shù),對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析對(duì)比,表明不同的脅迫方式對(duì)四指馬鲅幼魚造成不同程度的損傷,同時(shí)也反應(yīng)出四指馬鲅幼魚對(duì)應(yīng)激脅迫的應(yīng)答規(guī)律,其主要研究結(jié)果如下:1急性操作脅迫對(duì)四指馬鲅幼魚肝臟、鰓、肌肉組織結(jié)構(gòu)和氧化應(yīng)激的影響為探究急性操作脅迫對(duì)四指馬鲅幼魚組織結(jié)構(gòu)以及氧化應(yīng)激的影響。該研究在離水操作脅迫后不同時(shí)間取樣,來觀察肝臟顯微結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,以及檢測(cè)相關(guān)抗氧化酶活性。結(jié)果顯示:隨著離水脅迫時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),肝臟組織損傷程度出現(xiàn)一個(gè)先升后降的變化趨勢(shì),脅迫24 h肝臟基本結(jié)構(gòu)與對(duì)照組相似;脅迫2 h后鰓小片、扁平上皮細(xì)胞以及線粒體豐富細(xì)胞都出現(xiàn)不同程度的損傷;肌肉從肌纖維變性、肌纖維束之間的間隙增寬,空泡化以至于肌肉組織整體失去固有形態(tài),并且呈逐漸分解的趨勢(shì)。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和過氧化氫酶(CAT)在肝臟中,有相同的趨勢(shì),最后其值顯著(P0.05)低于對(duì)照組;肌肉中SOD和還原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)有相同的變化趨勢(shì),脅迫后的2 h顯著下降(P0.05),但12 h則反升至最高值。肝臟中CAT和總抗氧化能力(T-AOC)處理后2 h其水平無顯著變化(P0.05),之后升高直到12 h達(dá)到峰值。肝臟中丙二醛(MDA)含量在脅迫2~12h出現(xiàn)先升高后下降的變化趨勢(shì),12 h以后又有所上升;肌肉中MDA含量在脅迫后的2 h無顯著差異(P0.05),直到6 h達(dá)到峰值。肝臟中GSH含量在脅迫2h沒有顯著變化(P0.05),最終其含量仍顯著(P0.05)低于對(duì)照組;肌肉T-AOC在脅迫2h顯著上升(P0.05),之后下降,試驗(yàn)結(jié)束時(shí)顯著低于(P0.05)對(duì)照組。肌肉中SOD和CAT在處理24 h后活性顯著低于處理前,其他酶活性變化不顯著。Na+-K+-ATP酶活性在處理后2 h顯著升高(P0.05)12 h達(dá)到峰值,24 h恢復(fù)到處理前水平。綜合以上結(jié)果得出:離水操作脅迫確實(shí)對(duì)四指馬鲅幼魚肝臟組織結(jié)構(gòu)以及抗氧化酶產(chǎn)生一定的影響,但隨著脅迫時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),肝臟組織結(jié)構(gòu)以及抗氧化能力都有一定的恢復(fù)趨勢(shì),而鰓和肌肉則隨時(shí)間持續(xù)損傷呈現(xiàn)加重趨勢(shì)。2運(yùn)輸脅迫對(duì)四指馬鲅幼魚組織結(jié)構(gòu)、抗氧化系統(tǒng)的影響以及抗應(yīng)激劑混合物的作用為探究運(yùn)輸脅迫對(duì)四指馬鲅幼魚組織結(jié)構(gòu)、抗氧化系統(tǒng)的影響以及抗應(yīng)激劑的作用。該研究設(shè)置了對(duì)照組(未運(yùn)輸)和實(shí)驗(yàn)組,其中實(shí)驗(yàn)組包括:空白運(yùn)輸組和抗應(yīng)激劑組即運(yùn)輸過程中添加抗應(yīng)激劑混合物(維生素C:谷氨酰胺=1:1);實(shí)驗(yàn)組經(jīng)過運(yùn)輸6h后分別取樣。結(jié)果顯示:添加抗應(yīng)激劑組肝臟部分區(qū)域細(xì)胞排列疏松,肝板結(jié)構(gòu)不清晰;空白運(yùn)輸組肝臟組織整體失去固有形態(tài),肝板結(jié)構(gòu)消失不見。添加抗應(yīng)激劑組的鰓絲排列混亂,線粒體豐富細(xì)胞體積變大;空白運(yùn)輸組鰓小片整體腫脹,部分鰓小片因紅細(xì)胞過多而漲破,線粒體豐富細(xì)胞體積變大且數(shù)量增多。添加抗應(yīng)激劑組的脾臟白髓區(qū)域相對(duì)增加,黑色素-巨噬細(xì)胞中心數(shù)量以及大小都有所增加;空白運(yùn)輸組脾臟組織紅髓區(qū)域占據(jù)大部分,白髓區(qū)域相對(duì)較少,巨噬細(xì)胞中心減小。肝臟和肌肉中SOD活性值均顯著(P0.05)的表現(xiàn)為對(duì)照組混合組空白組,且肝臟中其活性值遠(yuǎn)高于肌肉中;肝臟中CAT活性值顯著(P0.05)的表現(xiàn)為空白組對(duì)照組混合組,而肌肉中則為混合組對(duì)照組空白組;肝臟MDA含量顯著(P0.05)的表現(xiàn)為空白組混合組對(duì)照組,肌肉中其值表明為對(duì)照組與混合組之間無顯著(P0.05)差異,而兩組均顯著(P0.05)低于空白組,而肌肉中其含量值遠(yuǎn)高于肝臟中;肌肉中GSH含量顯著(P0.05)的表現(xiàn)為空白組混合組對(duì)照組,肝臟中其值表明為對(duì)照組與混合組之間無顯著(P0.05)差異,而兩組均顯著(P0.05)低于空白組;肝臟T-AOC值表現(xiàn)為顯著(P0.05)的空白組混合組對(duì)照組,而肌肉中則混合組與空白組之間無顯著(P0.05)差異,且顯著(P0.05)低于對(duì)照組;對(duì)照組鰓鈉鉀ATP酶活性值略高于混合組但不顯著(P0.05),混合組顯著(P0.05)高于空白組。該研究結(jié)果為四指馬鲅魚苗的運(yùn)輸,提高運(yùn)輸成活率提供參考資料。3運(yùn)輸脅迫對(duì)四指馬鲅幼魚抗氧化系統(tǒng)的影響以及抗應(yīng)激劑的作用為探究運(yùn)輸脅迫對(duì)四指馬鲅幼魚肝臟、肌肉抗氧化系統(tǒng)的影響以及抗應(yīng)激劑的生理作用。該研究設(shè)置了對(duì)照組、空白組、維生素C組以及谷氨酰胺組,在運(yùn)輸試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行的2h、6h以及9h分別采集肝臟以及肌肉樣品進(jìn)行相關(guān)指標(biāo)的測(cè)定。測(cè)定項(xiàng)目包括:SOD,CAT,MDA,GSH,T-AOC。結(jié)果顯示:運(yùn)輸脅迫使空白組肝臟和肌肉中SOD活性迅速升高,而抗應(yīng)激劑的存在使其最終活性低于對(duì)照組;運(yùn)輸脅迫使空白組肝臟和肌肉中CAT活性顯著(P0.05)升高,雖然之后有所下將,但最后其活性值均顯著(P0.05)高于對(duì)照組,而維生素C組和谷氨酰胺組最終值與對(duì)照組無顯著差異(P0.05)或略高于對(duì)照組;運(yùn)輸脅迫使空白組肝臟和肌肉MDA含量均顯著(P0.05)升高,而抗應(yīng)激劑明顯緩解了這一結(jié)果;GSH含量在肝臟與肌肉中出現(xiàn)了不同的變化趨勢(shì),可能與二者所承擔(dān)的生理功能不同有關(guān);運(yùn)輸脅迫后,空白組肝臟與肌肉T-AOC值均顯著(P0.05)高于對(duì)照組,而維生素C組和谷氨酰胺組最終則略高于或等于對(duì)照組。本研究分析了運(yùn)輸脅迫下四指馬鲅幼魚抗氧化系統(tǒng)變化規(guī)律以及抗應(yīng)激的作用效果,為其人工養(yǎng)殖的推廣提供參考依據(jù)。4急性低溫對(duì)四指馬鲅幼魚組織結(jié)構(gòu)、抗氧化系統(tǒng)以及鰓鈉鉀ATP酶活性的影響為探究急性低溫脅迫對(duì)四指馬鲅幼魚組織結(jié)構(gòu)、抗氧化系統(tǒng)以及鰓鈉鉀ATP酶活性的影響。該研究設(shè)置了常溫(27±0.5℃)組、20℃組以及15℃組,三個(gè)溫度梯度進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),以常溫組作為對(duì)照,并在試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行的2h、6h以及12h分別采集肝臟、肌肉、脾以及鰓樣品進(jìn)行觀察和測(cè)定。結(jié)果顯示:隨著處理時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),20℃組的肝臟細(xì)胞空泡結(jié)構(gòu)呈增多,細(xì)胞核偏離,染色變淺趨勢(shì);15℃組肝臟細(xì)胞排列混亂,肝板結(jié)構(gòu)不清晰,直到最后細(xì)胞核溶解,肝臟整體失去固有形態(tài)。隨著低溫處理時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)20℃組肌纖維出現(xiàn)輕微的彎曲現(xiàn)象到大部分肌纖維彎曲,肌纖維之間與內(nèi)部均出現(xiàn)較大間隙;15℃組肌纖維間隙增大,部分?jǐn)嗔阎钡郊±w維之間與內(nèi)部均嚴(yán)重開裂,部分肌纖維溶解并暴露出細(xì)胞核。隨著低溫處理時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)20℃組主要表現(xiàn)為線粒體豐富細(xì)胞數(shù)目增多,鰓小片末端輕微的膨大到鰓小片整體水腫且嚴(yán)重彎曲,血管以及血竇內(nèi)出現(xiàn)大量的紅細(xì)胞,部分鰓小片因紅細(xì)胞過多而漲破;15℃組鰓小片表皮出現(xiàn)輕微的脫落,少部分鰓小片脹大到其吸水漲破,鰓小片基本形態(tài)不可見。SOD在肝臟和肌肉中,兩個(gè)溫度下均出現(xiàn)先升高后降低的變化趨勢(shì),而且最終都顯著(P0.05)低于對(duì)照組;兩個(gè)溫度下CAT在肝臟中出現(xiàn)均出現(xiàn)先升高后降低的趨勢(shì),而在肌肉中兩個(gè)溫度下變化趨勢(shì)不同,但最終其活性值均顯著(P0.05)低于對(duì)照組;GSH在肝臟和肌肉中,兩個(gè)溫度下均出現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì),不同的是20℃的肌肉中出現(xiàn)一直顯著下降趨勢(shì),而在肝臟以及15℃的肌肉中則是先下降后保持在一定值得趨勢(shì);MDA在肝臟的兩個(gè)溫度下以及20℃條件下的肌肉中均出現(xiàn)先升高后降低的趨勢(shì),而在15℃的肌肉中先升高保持一段時(shí)間后又繼續(xù)升高的趨勢(shì);T-AOC在肝臟的兩個(gè)溫度下以及15℃條件下的肌肉中均出現(xiàn)一直下降趨勢(shì),而在20℃下的肌肉中則是下升高后下降的趨勢(shì)。鰓Na+-K+-ATP酶活性在兩個(gè)溫度下均出現(xiàn)先下降后上升的趨勢(shì),不同的是20℃條件下處于一直上升趨勢(shì),而15℃條件下則上升到一定值保持不變。該研究結(jié)果為四指馬鲅魚苗的越冬管理,提高越冬成活率提供參考資料。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the effect of transportation stress on the tissue structure and antioxidant system of four fingerling mackerel (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) young fish, the results of this study were analyzed and compared by tissue section and related indexes, which showed that different stress modes caused different degrees of damage to the four fingerlings of Spanish mackerel. The response of four fingers to young mackerel young fish was also observed. The main results were as follows: 1 the effects of acute operation stress on the liver, gill, muscle structure and oxidative stress of four fingers mackerel were affected by the effects of acute operation stress on the tissue structure and oxidative stress of four finger mackerel young fish. The changes in the liver microstructure and the activity of related antioxidant enzymes were observed at different time after pressure. The results showed that the degree of liver tissue damage appeared to rise first and then descend with the prolongation of the time of water stress, and the basic structure of 24 h of the liver was similar to that in the control group, and the lamellae and flat epithelial cells after 2 h stress were stressed. And the mitochondria rich cells have different degrees of damage; muscle from muscle fiber denaturation, the gap between the muscle fiber bundles widened, vacuolization so that the whole muscle tissue lost the inherent morphology, and showed a gradual trend of decomposition. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and hydrogen peroxide (CAT) in the liver, the same trend, and finally its value (P0.05) was lower than the control group; SOD and glutathione (GSH) in muscle had the same trend of change, and the 2 h after stress decreased significantly (P0.05), but 12 h rose to the highest value. There was no significant change in the level of CAT and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the liver (P0.05), and then reached the peak until 12 h. The liver malondialdehyde (MDA) After 12 h, the content of the content increased after 12 h, and the content of MDA in the muscle was not significantly different (P0.05) after stress (P0.05), until 6 h reached its peak. The content of GSH in the liver was not significantly changed (P0.05), and the content was still significant (P0.05) lower than that of the control group; muscle T-AOC in stress 2H was significant. Up (P0.05), then descended and significantly lower than (P0.05) control group at the end of the experiment. The activity of SOD and CAT in muscle was significantly lower than that of the treatment after 24 h. The activity of other enzymes was not significantly increased by 2 h (P0.05) 12 h after treatment, and 24 h returned to the pre treatment level. Stress did have a certain effect on the liver tissue structure and antioxidant enzymes of the four finger mackerel young fish, but with the prolongation of the stress time, the liver tissue structure and antioxidant capacity had a certain trend of recovery, while the gills and muscles were aggravated with the time sustained damage, and the structure of the four finger mackerel young fish was formed by.2 stress. The effect of antioxidation system and the effect of anti stress agent mixture to explore the structure of the four fingerling young mackerel, the effect of antioxidant system and the effect of anti stress agents. The study set up the control group (not transported) and the experimental group, and the experimental group included the empty white transport group and the anti stress agent group that was added during the transport process. The anti stress agent mixture (vitamin C: glutamine =1:1) and the experimental group were sampled after 6h transport. The results showed that the cells in the liver part of the group were loosely arranged and the structure of the liver plate was not clear; the liver tissue in the blank transport group was lost in the whole and the structure of the liver plate disappeared. In disorder, the volume of rich mitochondria in mitochondria became larger, the gill fragments in the blank transport group were swollen as a whole, and some of the gill fragments rose because of the excess of red cells. The volume of rich cells in the mitochondria increased and the number increased. The number and size of the white pulp of the spleen were increased relatively, the number and size of the center of melanin macrophage were increased; the blank transport group was increased. The red pulp region of the spleen occupied the majority, the white pulp area was relatively small and the macrophage center decreased. The SOD activity in the liver and muscle was significantly (P0.05) in the control group, and the active value of the liver was much higher than that in the muscle. The CAT activity in the liver (P0.05) showed a blank group of the control group and the muscle in the control group. The content of MDA content in the liver was significant (P0.05) in the blank group and the control group. The value of the muscle in the muscle showed no significant difference (P0.05) between the control group and the mixed group, and the two groups were significantly lower than the blank group (P0.05), while the content of the muscle was much higher than that in the liver; the content of GSH in the muscles was significantly higher (P0.05). There was no significant (P0.05) difference between the control group and the mixed group in the control group, but the two groups were significantly lower than the blank group, and the two groups were significantly lower than the blank group, and the liver T-AOC value was significantly (P0.05) in the blank group and the control group, but there was no significant difference (P0.05) between the mixed group and the blank group (P0), and was significant (P0). .05) was lower than that of the control group; the activity of gill and potassium ATP enzyme in the control group was slightly higher than that in the mixed group (P0.05), and the mixture group was significantly higher (P0.05) than the blank group. The results of the study were four fingers of the fish seedling in the mackerel and the transportation of the mackerel. The effects of.3 transport stress on the antioxidant system of the four finger mackerel young fish and the anti stress agents were found. To explore the effects of transport stress on the liver and muscle antioxidant system of four finger mackerel and the physiological role of anti stress agents. The study set up the control group, the blank group, the vitamin C group and the glutamine group. The determination of the liver and muscle samples were measured in the 2H, 6h and 9h samples carried out in the transport test. The results were as follows: SOD, CAT, MDA, GSH, and T-AOC. results showed that the activity of SOD in the liver and muscles of the blank group was rapidly increased by transport stress, and the existence of anti stress agent was lower than that of the control group; the CAT activity in the liver and muscles of the blank group increased significantly (P0.05) in the blank group, although later, but the activity values were all significant (P0.05). The final value of vitamin C group and glutamine group had no significant difference between the control group and the control group (P0.05) or slightly higher than the control group. Transport stress made the MDA content in the liver and muscle of the blank group increased significantly (P0.05), while the anti stress agent significantly relieved this result; the content of GSH contained different changes in the liver and muscle. The T-AOC value of the liver and muscle in the blank group was significantly higher than that of the control group after transportation stress (P0.05), while the vitamin C group and the glutamine group were slightly higher or equal to the control group. This study analyzed the changes of the antioxidant system and the anti stress effect of the four finger mackerel juvenile fish under the stress of transport. Effect, provide reference for the promotion of artificial culture. The effect of.4 acute low temperature on the tissue structure of four finger mackerel young fish, antioxidant system and the activity of gill sodium potassium ATP enzyme is to explore the effect of acute low temperature stress on the tissue structure, antioxidant system and the activity of gill sodium potassium ATP enzyme in four finger horse mackerel. The study set up a normal temperature (27 + 0.5 degrees C). The group, group 20, 15 C and three temperature gradient were tested, and the normal temperature group was used as control. The liver, muscle, spleen and gill samples were observed and measured at 2h, 6h and 12h respectively. The results showed that the cell vacuoles of the liver increased with the time of treatment at 20, the nucleus deviated, and the staining became shallow. Trend: the liver cells in the 15 C group were arranged in confusion, the structure of the liver was not clear, until the final nucleus dissolves, the whole liver lost its inherent morphology. With the prolongation of the time of cryogenic treatment, the muscle fibers were flexed slightly to the most of the muscle fibers, and the muscle fibers had larger gaps between the fibers and the internal muscles, and the muscle fiber gaps at 15 C were increased. Large, partial fracture until the muscle fiber and the interior are seriously cracked, part of the muscle fibers dissolve and expose the nucleus. With the prolongation of the time of treatment at 20, the number of rich cells in the mitochondria is increased, the end of the gill fragments is slightly enlarged to the whole oedema of the branchial fragments, and the blood vessels and blood sinuses appear in large quantities. Red blood cells, partial gill fragments rose because of too much red blood cells, and a slight shedding of the epidermis of the gill lamellae in 15 C and a few gill lamellae swelled to its water absorption, and the basic morphology of the gill slices was not visible in the liver and muscle, and the trend of the first rise and then decreased in the two temperatures, and ultimately significantly lower than the control (P0.05) was significantly lower than that of the control. In the two temperatures, the presence of CAT in the liver showed a tendency to rise first and then decrease, but in the two temperatures of the muscle, the trend was different, but the active value was significantly lower than that of the control group; GSH in the liver and muscles decreased at two temperatures, and the difference was that the muscle in the muscles at 20 degrees declined significantly. Potential, while in the liver and at 15 degrees of muscle, it was first descended and maintained at a certain trend; MDA in the two temperatures of the liver and in the muscles at 20 degrees centigrade showed a tendency to rise first and then decrease, while at 15 degrees Celsius, the muscle increased first and continued to rise after a period of time; at the two temperature of the liver, T-AOC was at the two temperature of the liver. The muscle in the muscle at 15 C has been declining, but the muscle in the muscle at 20 C is decreasing and descending. The gill Na+-K+-ATP enzyme activity decreases first and then rises at two temperatures, and the difference is at 20 degrees centigrade, and the increase to a certain value remains unchanged under the condition of 15. The results provide references for overwintering management of four finger mackerel fry and improving survival rate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S917.4

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