本文選題：嘉陵江下游 + 魚類��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,應(yīng)用魚類生物完整性指數(shù)(F-IBI)來評價河流健康的研究方法已經(jīng)得到非常好的推廣和完善,有學(xué)者提出,在關(guān)注魚類生物完整性的同時還應(yīng)著重探討魚類群落與環(huán)境因子的關(guān)系。本研究于2015年8月至2016年7月對嘉陵江下游五個采樣江段的魚類群落及水質(zhì)狀況進(jìn)行了調(diào)查。采用典范對應(yīng)分析(CCA)探討了影響嘉陵江下游魚類群落的主要環(huán)境因子。采用屬性分類篩選、分布范圍篩選、判別能力分析以及Pearson相關(guān)性分析,構(gòu)建了適合嘉陵江下游的魚類生物完整性指數(shù)指標(biāo)體系。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)本次調(diào)查共采集到魚類8848尾,62種(不包括外來種),分屬5目9科。鯉科魚類種類數(shù)最多,占總種類數(shù)的60.32%。根據(jù)漁獲量,目前嘉陵江下游主要經(jīng)濟(jì)魚類為鯉、光澤黃顙魚、大鰭溹、翹嘴湆、吻泩、鯽、瓦氏黃顙魚等。草街大壩下游水域以中下層、底層魚類為主,物種相對豐富,種群間物種數(shù)量分布均勻,群落的穩(wěn)定性較好;而草街庫區(qū)以中上層、底層魚類為主,物種單一,群落結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,種群間物種數(shù)量差異大。根據(jù)Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù)、Pielou均勻度指數(shù)和Margalef豐富度指數(shù)可以看出,嘉陵江下游壩上、壩下各江段魚類群落組成已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)明顯差異。(2)主成分分析表明,嘉陵江下游主要水環(huán)境理化因子為溶氧、高錳酸鹽指數(shù)和氨氮;主要水文地貌因子為流速和河寬。典范對應(yīng)分析表明,與嘉陵江下游魚類群落關(guān)系密切的環(huán)境因子為高錳酸鹽指數(shù)、氨氮、流速和溶氧。從CCA排序圖可以看出,由于草街大壩的阻隔,水土、磁器口江段與鹽井、金子江段的魚類群落差異明顯。草街大壩的建設(shè)將嘉陵江下游切割成兩個部分,即大壩上游靜水或緩流水河段和大壩下游流水河段,壩上、壩下水體理化因子及水文情勢的改變是顯而易見的,尤其是營養(yǎng)鹽類和流速。根據(jù)研究結(jié)果可以得出結(jié)論,大壩建設(shè)是造成嘉陵江下游水域生態(tài)環(huán)境改變的主要原因,也是影響魚類群落組成的主要因素。(3)對38個備選指標(biāo)進(jìn)行屬性分類篩選、分布范圍檢驗、判別能力分析及Pearson相關(guān)性分析,構(gòu)建了適合嘉陵江下游的魚類生物完整性指數(shù)指標(biāo)體系,即香農(nóng)多樣性指數(shù)、鯉形目魚類種類數(shù)、鲇形目魚類種類數(shù)、中下層魚類物種數(shù)百分比、敏感性魚類物種數(shù)百分比、雜食性魚類個體數(shù)百分比、產(chǎn)漂流性卵魚類個體數(shù)百分比等7個參數(shù)指標(biāo)。采用1、3、5賦值法和比值法兩種評價方法對嘉陵江下游魚類生物完整性進(jìn)行評價,結(jié)果顯示,金子江段為“健康”,水土和磁器口江段處于“健康”向“亞健康”過渡狀態(tài),合川江段為“亞健康”,鹽井江段為“一般”�？偟膩碚f,金子江段評價最好,受到人為干擾最小;而鹽井江段評價最差,受到人為干擾最大。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the application of fish biological integrity index (F-IBI) to evaluate the health of rivers has been well promoted and improved. The relationship between fish community and environmental factors should also be discussed while paying close attention to the biological integrity of fish. From August 2015 to July 2016, the fish community and water quality of five sampling sections in the lower reaches of Jialing River were investigated. The main environmental factors affecting fish communities in the lower reaches of Jialing River were studied by canonical correspondence analysis (CCAA). The index system of fish biological integrity index suitable for the lower reaches of Jialing River was constructed by attribute classification screening, distribution range screening, discriminant ability analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. The main results are as follows: 1) A total of 62 species (excluding exotic species, belonging to 5 orders, 9 families) were collected. Cyprinidae has the largest number of fish species, accounting for 60.32% of the total species. According to the catch, the main economic fishes in the lower reaches of Jialing River are common carp, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Fagophora macrophylla, Phellodendron obvidraco, Carassius auratus and Pelteobagrus obvidraco. The lower reaches of the Caojie Dam are dominated by lower middle and lower layers with relatively abundant species, even distribution of species among populations, and good community stability, while in the Caojie Reservoir area, the upper and upper layers are the main species, the species is single, and the community structure is simple. The number of species varies greatly among populations. According to Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef richness index, it can be seen that the composition of fish communities in the lower reaches of the Jialing River and the lower reaches of the dam has been obviously different. The main physical and chemical factors of water environment in the lower reaches of Jialing River are dissolved oxygen, permanganate index and ammonia nitrogen, and the main hydro-geomorphological factors are velocity of flow and width of river. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the environmental factors closely related to the fish community in the lower reaches of Jialing River were permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, flow rate and dissolved oxygen. It can be seen from the CCA sequence diagram that the fish communities of the Caijie dam, the water and soil, the river section of Ciqikou, the salt well and the section of the Jinjiang River are obviously different from each other. The construction of Caojie Dam divides the lower reaches of Jialing River into two parts, that is, the static or slow flowing water reach of the upper reaches of the dam and the downstream of the dam. The changes of the physical and chemical factors and the hydrological situation of the water body in the upper and lower reaches of the dam are obvious. In particular, nutrients, salts and flow rates. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that dam construction is the main reason for the ecological environment change in the lower reaches of Jialing River, and it is also the main factor affecting the composition of fish communities. The distribution range test, discriminant ability analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were used to construct the index system of fish biological integrity index for the lower reaches of Jialing River, namely Shannon diversity index, the number of fish species of Cyprinidae and the number of catfish species. There are seven parameters, such as the percentage of species of middle and lower fish, the percentage of species of sensitive fish, the percentage of individuals of omnivorous fish, and the percentage of individuals of drift-producing eggs. The biological integrity of fish in the lower reaches of the Jialing River was evaluated by two evaluation methods, I. e., the evaluation method of 1 ~ 3 ~ 3 ~ (-5) value and the method of ratio. The result shows that the section of the Jinjiang River is "healthy", and the section of water, soil and water and soil is in a state of transition from "health" to "sub-health". The Hechuan section is sub-healthy and the salt well section is general. On the whole, the evaluation of the Jinjiang section is the best, and that of the Yanjing section is the least, while the evaluation of the Yanjing section is the worst and the most affected by human disturbance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S931

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