本文選題：費(fèi)約果 + 品種��； 參考：《西南科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究以7個(gè)品種的6年生費(fèi)約果扦插繁殖植株為試驗(yàn)材料。研究不同品種費(fèi)約果在常規(guī)化栽培條件下的生長特性、開花特性、結(jié)果特性及產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因素,通過比較費(fèi)約果品種間栽培特性及產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因素的差異,從而確定四川綿陽地區(qū)的高產(chǎn)、高品質(zhì)費(fèi)約果品種,為費(fèi)約果的高產(chǎn)和商業(yè)化栽培品種選擇、制訂相應(yīng)的優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)技術(shù)方案以及市場推廣提供理論依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)在栽培生態(tài)環(huán)境和管理?xiàng)l件基本一致的情況下,不同品種費(fèi)約果自身的遺傳因子和生理因素的不同是導(dǎo)致其生長特性存在差異的主要原因。其中,Unique的樹冠體積、干粗、株高和干高在不同品種費(fèi)約果中都處于較高水平。同時(shí),Unique的葉形指數(shù)最高為1.871,中長梢所占比例最高為74.62%,長果枝比例為51.28%,且綠葉層厚度要顯著高于除Triumph外的其他5個(gè)品種,其樹形為披垂形。因此,Unique和Triumph葉片垂直分布空間和光合作用的葉片面積更大,其冠層結(jié)果區(qū)域光照分布合理,這種生長特點(diǎn)更有利于費(fèi)約果果實(shí)品質(zhì)的提升,同時(shí)高產(chǎn)潛力更大。(2)7個(gè)品種的始花期有一定的差異,主要集中在4月末5月初,花期持續(xù)的時(shí)間在35-39天之間,盛花期持續(xù)天數(shù)為14-17天之間。不同品種的費(fèi)約果單株花序數(shù)不同,其單株花朵數(shù)也存在較大差異。各品種單株花序數(shù)、單序開花數(shù)和單株花朵數(shù)的數(shù)值范圍分別在39-58朵、9-26朵和408-986朵之間,其中樹冠上、中層和方位屬東、西方位的開花時(shí)間和數(shù)量要比樹冠下層和南、北方位的時(shí)間更早、數(shù)量更多一些。各品種中,Unique的花朵數(shù)最多為986朵,單個(gè)花序的開花數(shù)為17,而Triumph的單株花朵數(shù)為831朵,均明顯高于其余品種。(3)費(fèi)約果果實(shí)在樹冠上、中、下3層和東、南、西、北四個(gè)方位均有分布。其中,Unique的坐果率最高為60.91%,單株結(jié)果數(shù)達(dá)到489個(gè),單株產(chǎn)量為7894.34g;Triumph的的單株產(chǎn)量次之,為6733g,單果重高達(dá)25.44g;而'Mammoth'的單株產(chǎn)量最低,僅為4498.78g,差異顯著。其余5個(gè)費(fèi)約果品種的單株產(chǎn)量在4904.74g-6733.20g之間,品種間無顯著差異。不同品種費(fèi)約果的自然坐果率都大于20%,可以滿足生產(chǎn)留果需要。此外,Unique和Triumph的可食率、可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量均為各品種中較高水平,同時(shí)可滴定酸含量較低,果實(shí)大小整齊度較好,且果皮光滑不粗糙,色澤綠中帶黃,是果實(shí)品質(zhì)較佳的品種。(4)對(duì)不同品種的費(fèi)約果的產(chǎn)量與構(gòu)成因素進(jìn)行相關(guān)分析和主成分分析,相關(guān)分析結(jié)果表明一些性狀的相關(guān)性達(dá)到了顯著或極顯著水平。主成分分析結(jié)果顯示單株開花數(shù)、干高、單序開花數(shù)以及葉面積指數(shù)的貢獻(xiàn)率分別為33.55%、22.85%、20.76%和14.79%,累計(jì)貢獻(xiàn)率為91.95%。根據(jù)主成分分析結(jié)果,可以用這4個(gè)主成分概括多個(gè)指標(biāo)中大多數(shù)信息來綜合評(píng)價(jià)不同品種費(fèi)約果品種的優(yōu)劣程度。通過比較分析,本研究選定Unique和Triumph為綿陽地區(qū)高產(chǎn)潛力較大同時(shí)也是果實(shí)品質(zhì)較佳的品種。
[Abstract]:In this study, 6-year-old Fayot cutting propagation plants of 7 varieties were used as experimental materials. The growth characteristics, flowering characteristics, fruiting characteristics and yield components of different varieties of Fayot under conventional cultivation were studied, and the differences of cultivation characteristics and yield components among varieties were compared. Therefore, the high yield and high quality Fayot varieties in Mianyang area of Sichuan Province were determined, which provided the theoretical basis for the selection of high yield and commercial cultivar of Fayot, the formulation of the corresponding technical scheme of high quality and high yield and the market popularization. The results showed that the difference of genetic and physiological factors in different varieties of Fayoguo was the main reason for the difference of growth characteristics under the condition that the cultivation ecological environment and management conditions were basically the same. The tree crown volume, dry diameter, plant height and dry height of Unique were in high level in different varieties of Fayot. At the same time, the highest leaf shape index was 1.871, the proportion of middle and long shoots was 74.62 and the proportion of long fruit branches was 51.28. The thickness of green leaf layer was significantly higher than that of other five varieties except Triumph, and its tree shape was pendulous. Therefore, the vertical distribution space and photosynthesis leaf area of the leaves of unique and Triumph leaves are larger, and the light distribution of the canopy fruiting area is reasonable. This growth characteristic is more conducive to the improvement of the fruit quality of Fayoguo. At the same time, there were some differences in the initial flowering period of the seven cultivars, mainly in late April and early May, the duration of flowering was between 35-39 days and the days of full flowering lasted 14-17 days. The number of flowers per plant was different among different varieties of Fayot. The number of inflorescence per plant, the number of inflorescence per plant and the number of flowers per plant ranged from 39-58 to 9-26 and 408-986, respectively. The north is earlier and more numerous. The flower number of each variety was 986a, the flower number of single inflorescence was 17, and the number of Triumph flower per plant was 831, which was obviously higher than that of the other varieties.) Fioguo fruit was on the crown, middle, lower layer, east, south, west, east, south and west. All four northern directions are distributed. The highest fruit setting rate was 60.91g, the number of fruit per plant was 489, the yield per plant was 6733g, and the fruit weight per fruit was 25.44g.The yield per plant of Mammoth' was 4498.78g, the difference was significant. The yield per plant of the other five Fayot varieties was not significantly different from that of 4904.74g-6733.20g. The natural fruit setting rate of different varieties of Fayot was higher than 20, which could meet the need of fruit retention. In addition, the edible rate, soluble solids and soluble sugar content of Triumph, soluble solids and soluble sugar were higher than those of other varieties, and the titratable acid content was lower, the fruit size was more uniform, the skin was smooth and not rough, and the color was green and yellow. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis of the yield and component factors of Fayo fruit of different varieties showed that the correlation of some characters reached significant or extremely significant level. The results of principal component analysis showed that the contribution rates of flowering number, dry height, single sequence flowering number and leaf area index of single plant were 33.555.22.85% 20.76% and 14.79%, respectively, and the cumulative contribution rate was 91.95%. According to the results of principal component analysis, the four principal components can be used to sum up most of the information in many indexes to evaluate comprehensively the advantages and disadvantages of different varieties of Fayoguo. Through comparative analysis, Unique and Triumph were selected as the varieties with high yield potential and better fruit quality in Mianyang area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S667.9

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