本文選題：矮化砧木 + 砧穗組合��； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：矮砧密植成為世界蘋(píng)果栽培的主要模式,也是中國(guó)蘋(píng)果產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。我國(guó)地形多樣,氣候變化較大,因而選育既具矮化效果又兼有較強(qiáng)抗寒性的砧木,對(duì)于我國(guó)蘋(píng)果產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展具有重要意義。以25種蘋(píng)果矮化砧木為試材,研究了其電解質(zhì)外滲率,計(jì)算半致死溫度,分析了可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量、SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性及MDA含量與半致死溫度的相關(guān)性;并以其中16種矮化砧木為中間砧嫁接“宮藤富士”(以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“富士”),基砧為平邑甜茶,研究不同中間砧木對(duì)樹(shù)體抗寒性、生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育及果實(shí)產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)的影響,主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)不同類(lèi)型砧木一年生枝條的半致死溫度存在差異,SH8、SH9、SH12、SH28較其他砧木差異顯著,同系砧木半致死溫度相近,整體表現(xiàn)為:SH系抗寒性最強(qiáng),M系和MM系抗寒能力最差,其他系列表現(xiàn)中等。(2)低溫脅迫下,不同蘋(píng)果矮化砧木一年生枝條可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量、SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性、MDA含量均與其抗寒性有關(guān)。通過(guò)相關(guān)性分析表明:砧木一年生枝條可溶性糖含量和MDA含量與其半致死溫度顯著相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.659、0.679。(3)不同矮化砧木為中間砧嫁接“富士”后,一年生枝條半致死溫度有明顯差異,SH28半致死溫度最低,為-40.15℃,M7半致死溫度最高,為-32.59℃,這與矮化砧木抗寒性呈相似性,說(shuō)明砧木可影響嫁接品種的抗寒性。(4)不同矮化中間砧嫁接“富士”樹(shù)體樹(shù)高、干周直徑、覆蓋率和總枝量大致成正相關(guān)。MM106和YL1嫁接“富士”樹(shù)體最高,分別4.4 m、4.5 m,SH6嫁接“富士”樹(shù)體最矮,為3.2 m;MM106和SH3嫁接“富士”樹(shù)體覆蓋率最大,分別為85.0%、84.7%,P22嫁接“富士”樹(shù)體覆蓋率最低,為34.4%;MM106和M7嫁接“富士”樹(shù)體總枝量最大,分別為47.30×104·hm-2、50.41×104·hm-2,B9和P22嫁接“富士”樹(shù)體總枝量最小,分別為18.67×104·hm-2、19.81×104·hm-2;YL1和SH3嫁接“富士”樹(shù)體干周直徑最大,為別為118.00 mm、111.75 mm,M26和P22嫁接“富士”樹(shù)體干周直徑最小,分別為71.15 mm、69.50 mm。(5)SHa嫁接“富士”短枝比例最高,約占總枝量的73%,長(zhǎng)枝比例最低,約占總枝量的13%,樹(shù)勢(shì)相對(duì)較弱;P22嫁接“富士”長(zhǎng)枝比例最高,約占總枝量的30%,中枝比例最小,僅占總枝量的10%左右。綜合來(lái)看,以SH3和SH6嫁接“富士”樹(shù)體枝類(lèi)組成較為合理,短枝比例65%左右,長(zhǎng)枝比例10%左右,樹(shù)勢(shì)中庸。(6)SH40、SH6嫁接“富士”平均單株產(chǎn)量最高,分別為17.35 kg、16.3 kg,SHa、YL1和SHc嫁接“富士”平均單株產(chǎn)量最小,分別為6.33 kg、6.22 kg、5.71 kg;SH18、SH6嫁接“富士”果實(shí)大果率最高,單果大于200g的比例均占到總產(chǎn)量的60%以上,SHa、SHc嫁接“富士”大果率最低,單果大于200 g的比例僅均占總產(chǎn)量的10%左右。綜合單株產(chǎn)量和大果率,SH6、SH18及SH40嫁接“富士”表現(xiàn)較好。(7)就同級(jí)果實(shí)品質(zhì)而言,SH6、SH9、SH12和SH18嫁接“富士”果實(shí)可溶性固形物含量相對(duì)較高,分別為15.68%、16.15%、15.70%、16.43%,SHa、SHc及M26嫁接“富士”果實(shí)可溶性固形物含量最低,分別為14.18%、14.20%、13.93%,其他中等;SHa、SHc和SH6嫁接“富士”果實(shí)固酸比最高,分別為68.74%、61.95%、67.09%,SH3、SH38、M26嫁接“富士”果實(shí)固酸比最低,分別為46.38%、44.99%、42.72%,其他中等;各中間砧嫁接“富士”樹(shù)體果實(shí)果肉硬度相近。
[Abstract]:The dense planting of dwarf anvil has become the main mode of apple cultivation in the world, and it is also the inevitable trend of the development of the apple industry in China. In China, the variety and climate change greatly. Therefore, it is important for the development of the apple industry to select the stock which has both the dwarf effect and the strong cold resistance, which is of great significance to the development of the apple industry in China. 25 kinds of Apple Dwarf rootstock are used as the test materials. The electrolyte exosmotic rate was calculated and the semi lethal temperature was calculated. The correlation between soluble sugar content, starch content, SOD activity, POD activity, CAT activity and MDA content and semi lethal temperature were analyzed, and 16 Dwarf Rootstocks were used to grafted "Fuji" (hereinafter referred to as "Fuji"), and the base anvil was Pingyi sweet tea, and the different intermediate rootstock was studied. The main results were as follows: (1) there were differences in the semi lethal temperature of the annual branches of different types of rootstock, SH8, SH9, SH12 and SH28 were significantly different from those of other rootstock, and the half lethal temperature of the same rootstock was similar. The whole body showed that the cold resistance of the SH system was the strongest, and the cold resistance of the M and MM lines was the worst. The other series showed medium performance. (2) under low temperature stress, the content of soluble sugar, starch content, SOD activity, POD activity, CAT activity and MDA content of the annual branches of Different Apple Dwarf Rootstocks were related to the cold resistance. The correlation analysis showed that the soluble sugar content and MDA content of the annual branches of the rootstock were significantly related to the semi lethal temperature. After the coefficient of 0.659,0.679. (3) (3) different dwarf rootstock was grafted with "Fuji" for the intermediate rootstock, the semi lethal temperature of the annual branches was significantly different, the SH28 semi lethal temperature was the lowest, -40.15 C, the M7 semi lethal temperature was the highest, which was -32.59 centigrade, which was similar to the cold resistance of the dwarf rootstock, indicating that the rootstock could affect the cold resistance of the grafted varieties. (4) the difference between the rootstock and the cold resistance of the grafted varieties was different. The dwarf interstock grafted "Fuji" tree body tree height, dry week diameter, coverage and total branch volume approximately.MM106 and YL1 grafted "Fuji" tree body the highest, respectively 4.4 m, 4.5 m, SH6 grafted "Fuji" tree body the shortest, 3.2 m, MM106 and SH3 grafting "Fuji" tree cover rate is the largest, respectively 85%, 84.7%, P22 grafted "Fuji" tree, respectively. The body coverage rate was the lowest, 34.4%. The total branches of the MM106 and M7 grafted "Fuji" tree were 47.30 * 104. Hm-2,50.41 * 104. Hm-2 respectively. The total branches of the B9 and P22 grafted "Fuji" tree were 18.67 * 104. Hm-2,19.81 x 104. The largest diameter of the YL1 and SH3 grafted "Fuji" tree body was the 118 mm, 111.75 mm, and the other. The diameter of the P22 grafted "Fuji" tree was the smallest in diameter, respectively 71.15 mm, 69.50 mm. (5) SHa grafted "Fuji" with the highest proportion, accounting for about 73% of the total branch, and the lowest proportion of long branches, accounting for about 13% of the total branch, and the highest proportion of the long branches of the P22 grafted "Fuji", about 30% of the total branch volume, and the smallest proportion of the middle branch, only 10 of the total branch volume. In a comprehensive view, the SH3 and SH6 grafting "Fuji" branches are more reasonable, the proportion of short branches is about 65%, the proportion of long branches is about 10%, the tree potential is moderate. (6) SH40, the average yield of the single plant of the SH6 grafting "Fuji" is the highest, respectively, 17.35 kg, 16.3 kg, SHa, YL1 and SHc grafted "Fuji", the average yield of the single plant is the lowest, 6.33 kg, 6.22 kg, respectively. 5.71 kg; SH18, SH6 grafted "Fuji" had the highest fruit rate, and the proportion of single fruit greater than 200g accounted for more than 60% of the total output. SHa, SHc grafted "Fuji" was the lowest, and the ratio of single fruit greater than 200 g accounted for only about 10% of the total output. The comprehensive single plant yield and large fruit rate, SH6, SH18 and SH40 grafting "Fuji" showed better. (7) the same is the same. SH6, SH9, SH12 and SH18 grafted "Fuji" fruit soluble solids content is relatively high, respectively, 15.68%, 16.15%, 15.70%, 16.43%, SHa, SHc and M26 grafted "Fuji" fruit soluble solids content of the lowest, respectively 14.18%, 14.20%, 13.93%, other medium, SHa, SHc and SH6 grafted "Fuji" fruit fixed acid ratio is the most High, respectively 68.74%, 61.95%, 67.09%, SH3, SH38, M26 grafted "Fuji" fruit solid acid ratio is the lowest, respectively 46.38%, 44.99%, 42.72%, other medium, each interstock grafted "Fuji" fruit flesh of the fruit is similar.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S661.1

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