本文選題：耕地整治 + 耕地功能分化　； 參考：《東華理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著城鎮(zhèn)化與工業(yè)化的飛速發(fā)展,我國(guó)人地矛盾日益突出。目前,耕地細(xì)碎化是現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的最大絆腳石,傳統(tǒng)的小農(nóng)經(jīng)營(yíng)模式以無(wú)法滿足現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)化的需求。因此開(kāi)展耕地集中整治,將細(xì)碎化的耕地“大塊化”,對(duì)發(fā)展新型農(nóng)業(yè)有巨大的推動(dòng)作用,是保障糧食安全,推動(dòng)城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)的當(dāng)務(wù)之需。本文以“探索有效農(nóng)地整治模式”為目標(biāo),借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外先進(jìn)的農(nóng)地規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)的方法與模式,結(jié)合我國(guó)農(nóng)村家庭代際分工和耕地功能分化的現(xiàn)狀,提出“戶均兩塊田”假設(shè),并對(duì)“戶均兩塊田”假設(shè)的預(yù)期效果進(jìn)行了實(shí)證研究。研究主要得出以下結(jié)果和結(jié)論:(1)隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,農(nóng)業(yè)所占比重越來(lái)越低,因此越來(lái)越多農(nóng)村青壯年勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移至城鎮(zhèn),農(nóng)村老齡化、空心化現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重。(2)耕地細(xì)碎化對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力投入有著顯著的正面影響,耕地?cái)?shù)量每增加一個(gè)單位,農(nóng)戶單位面積投入的勞動(dòng)投入量增加0.482個(gè)單位,地塊平均面積每增加一個(gè)單位,相應(yīng)的農(nóng)戶單位面積投入的勞動(dòng)投入量減少8.245個(gè)單位。耕地細(xì)碎化對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率有顯著的負(fù)面影響,耕地?cái)?shù)量每增加一個(gè)單位,相應(yīng)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率降低0.0035個(gè)單位,地塊平均面積每增加一個(gè)單位,相應(yīng)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率增加0.259個(gè)單位。(3)隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和農(nóng)民生活水平的提高,對(duì)農(nóng)戶而言,耕地的主要功能不再是保障基本生活和增加經(jīng)濟(jì)收入,更多的是養(yǎng)老就業(yè)保障功能。因此許多農(nóng)戶選擇將部分土地流轉(zhuǎn)出去,只耕種可以滿足全家口糧需求的土地。此種方式可以將部分勞動(dòng)力從務(wù)農(nóng)中解放出來(lái),進(jìn)城務(wù)工或者周邊打零工以獲得最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。(4)實(shí)行“戶均兩塊田”模式后,農(nóng)戶每畝地勞動(dòng)力投入量將減少31.12%,每畝地農(nóng)業(yè)資本投入減少8.45%,農(nóng)業(yè)總收入將增加20.63%,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率將提高53.65%。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, the contradiction between man and land is becoming more and more prominent. At present, the fine fragmentation of cultivated land is the biggest stumbling block in the development of modern agriculture, and the traditional small-scale farming management mode can not meet the needs of modern agriculture. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out centralized management of cultivated land and "bulk" the fine cultivated land to promote the development of new agriculture, to ensure food security and to promote the construction of urbanization. This paper aims at "exploring effective farmland regulation mode", draws lessons from the advanced methods and models of farmland scale management at home and abroad, combines with the present situation of intergenerational division of labor and functional differentiation of cultivated land in rural areas, and puts forward the hypothesis of "two plots of farmland per household". And the expected effect of the assumption of "two fields per household" is studied empirically. The main results and conclusions of the study are as follows: 1) with the development of the national economy, the proportion of agriculture is getting lower and lower. As a result, more and more rural young and middle-aged workers are transferred to cities and towns, and rural areas are aging. The phenomenon of hollowness is serious. (2) the fineness of cultivated land has a significant positive effect on the input of agricultural labor force. For each unit increase in the amount of cultivated land, the amount of labor input per unit area of farmers increases by 0.488 units. For each unit increase in the average plot area, the labor input per unit area of the corresponding peasant households decreased by 8.245 units. The fineness of cultivated land has a significant negative effect on the agricultural production efficiency. With the increase of one unit of cultivated land quantity, the corresponding agricultural production efficiency will be reduced by 0.0035 units, and the average plot area will be increased by one unit. With the development of social economy and the improvement of farmers' living standard, the main function of cultivated land is no longer to guarantee basic living and increase economic income. More is old-age employment security function. As a result, many farmers choose to transfer part of their land and farm only land that meets the family's food needs. In this way, some of the labor force can be liberated from farming, and after entering the city to work or working part-time in the surrounding areas to obtain the maximum economic benefits.) after the implementation of the "two plots of land per household" model, The input of labor force per mu will decrease 31.12%, the input of agricultural capital per mu will decrease 8.45%, the total income of agriculture will increase 20.63%, and the efficiency of agricultural production will increase 53.65%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F323.211

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